Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to acceleration circuitry for posit operations are described. Signaling indicative of performance of an operation to write a first bit string to a first buffer resident on acceleration circuitry and a second bit string resident on the acceleration circuitry can be received at an DMA controller couplable to the acceleration circuitry. The acceleration circuitry can be configured to perform arithmetic operations, logical operations, or both on bit strings formatted in a unum or posit format. Signaling indicative of an arithmetic operation, a logical operation, or both, to be performed using the first and second bit strings can be transmitted to the acceleration circuitry. The arithmetic operation, the logical operation, or both can be performed via the acceleration circuitry and according to the signaling. Signaling indicative of a result of the arithmetic operation, the logical operation, or both can be transmitting to the DMA controller.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to three tiered hierarchical memory systems are described herein. A three tiered hierarchical memory system can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory, thereby increasing an amount of storage space allocated to a computing system at a lower cost than approaches that rely solely on non-persistent memory. An example apparatus may include a persistent memory, and one or more non-persistent memories configured to map an address associated with an input/output (1/0) device to an address in logic circuitry prior to the apparatus receiving a request from the I/O device to access data stored in the persistent memory, and map the address associated with the I/O device to an address in a non-persistent memory subsequent to the apparatus receiving the request and accessing the data.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for hierarchical memory systems are described. A hierarchical memory system can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory, thereby increasing an amount of storage space allocated to a computing system at a lower cost than approaches that rely solely on non-persistent memory. An example method includes receiving a request to access data via an input/output (I/O) device, determining whether the data is stored in a non-persistent memory device or a persistent memory device, and redirecting the request to access the data to logic circuitry in response to determining that the data is stored in the persistent memory device.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to extended memory communication subsystems for performing extended memory operations are described. An example method can include receiving, at a processing unit that is coupled between a host device and a non-volatile memory device, signaling indicative of a plurality of operations to be performed on data written to or read from the non-volatile memory device. The method can further include performing, at the processing unit, at least one operation of the plurality of operations in response to the signaling. The method can further include accessing a portion of a memory array in the non-volatile memory device. The method can further include transmitting additional signaling indicative of a command to perform one or more additional operations of the plurality of operations on the data written to or read from the non-volatile memory device.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to acceleration circuitry for posit operations are described. A first operand formatted in a universal number or posit format can be received by a first buffer resident on acceleration circuitry. A second operand formatted in a universal number or posit format can be received by a second buffer resident on the acceleration circuitry. An arithmetic operation, a logical operation, or both can be performed using processing circuitry resident on the acceleration circuitry using the first operand and the second operand. A result of the arithmetic operation, the logical operation, or both can be received by a third buffer resident on the acceleration circuitry.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for hierarchical memory systems are described. A hierarchical memory system can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory, thereby increasing an amount of storage space allocated to a computing system at a lower cost than approaches that rely solely on non-persistent memory. An example method includes receiving an interrupt message by a hypervisor, the interrupt message generated by a hierarchical memory component responsive to receiving a read request initiated by an input/output (I/O) device, gathering, by the hypervisor, address register access information from the hierarchical memory component, and determining, by the hypervisor, a physical location of data associated with the read request.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to a selectively operable memory device are described. An example method corresponding to a selectively operable memory device can include receiving, by a resistance variable memory device, a command to operate the resistance variable memory device in a first mode or a second mode and operating the resistance variable memory device in the first mode or the second mode based, at least in part, on the received command to perform, in the first mode, a read operation or a write operation, or both, or, in the second mode, a compute operation. The method can further include performing, using a processing unit resident on the resistance variable memory device, the compute operation, the testing operation, or both based, at least in part, on a determination that the resistance variable memory device is operating in the second mode.

Abstract: A method related to posit tensor processing can include receiving, by a plurality of multiply-accumulator (MAC) units coupled to one another, a plurality of universal number (unum) or posit bit strings organized in a matrix and to be used as operands in a plurality of respective recursive operations performed using the plurality of MAC units and performing, using the MAC units, the plurality of respective recursive operations. Iterations of the respective recursive operations are performed using at least one bit string that is a same bit string as was used in a preceding iteration of the respective recursive operations. The method can further include prior to receiving the plurality of unum or posit bit strings, performing an operation to organize the plurality of unum or posit bit strings to achieve a threshold bandwidth ratio, a threshold latency, or both during performance of the plurality of respective recursive operations.

Abstract: An example method corresponding to workload allocation among hardware devices can include monitoring, by a processing unit, workload characteristics associated with execution of workloads by a plurality of hardware devices, such as hardware accelerators. The method can include determining, by the processing unit, particular characteristics corresponding to a workload processed by at least one of the hardware devices and performing, by the processing unit, an action to determine that a particular hardware device exhibits higher performance in executing the workload than a different hardware device. The method can further include allocating a subsequent workload that has characteristics corresponding to the workload exhibiting the particular characteristics to the hardware device that exhibits higher performance in executing the workload than a different hardware device.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to acceleration circuitry are described. The acceleration circuitry may be deployed in a memory device and can include a memory resource and/or logic circuitry. The acceleration circuitry can perform operations on data to convert the data between one or more numeric formats, such as floating-point and/or universal number (e.g., posit) formats. The acceleration circuitry can perform arithmetic and/or logical operations on the data after the data has been converted to a particular format. For instance, the memory resource can receive data comprising a bit string having a first format that provides a first level of precision. The logic circuitry can receive the data from the memory resource and convert the bit string to a second format that provides a second level of precision that is different from the first level of precision.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for hierarchical memory systems are described. A hierarchical memory system can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory, thereby increasing an amount of storage space allocated to a computing system at a lower cost than approaches that rely solely on non-persistent memory. An example method includes initiating a read request associated with an address from an input/output device, redirecting the read request to a hierarchical memory component, generating, by the hierarchical memory component, an interrupt message to send to a hypervisor, gathering, at the hypervisor, address register access information from the hierarchical memory component, and determining a physical location of data associated with the read request.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to arithmetic logic circuitry are described. A method utilizing such arithmetic logic circuitry can include performing, using a processing device, a first operation using one or more vectors formatted in a posit format. The one or more vectors can be provided to the processing device in a pipelined manner. The method can include performing, by executing instructions stored by a memory resource, a second operation using at least one of the one or more vectors and outputting, after a fixed quantity of time, a result of the first operation, the second operation, or both.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to hierarchical memory are described. A hierarchical memory system that can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory. Logic circuitry can be configured to determine that a request to access a persistent memory device corresponds to an operation to divert data from the non-persistent memory device to the persistent memory device, generate an interrupt signal, and cause the interrupt signal to be asserted on a host coupleable to the logic circuitry as part of the operation to divert data from the non-persistent memory device to the persistent memory device. Access data and control messages can be transferred between or within a memory device, including to or from a multiplexer and/or a state machine. A state machine can include logic circuitry configured to transfer interrupt request messages to and receive interrupt request messages.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to bit string accumulation are described. A method for bit string accumulation can include performing an iteration of a recursive operation using a first bit string and a second bit string and modifying a quantity of bits of a result of the iteration of the recursive operation, wherein the modified quantity of bits is less than a threshold quantity of bits. The method can further include writing a first value comprising the modified bits indicative of the result of the iteration of the recursive operation to a first register and writing a second value indicative of the factor corresponding to the result of the iteration of the recursive operation to a second register.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods for hierarchical memory systems are described. A hierarchical memory system can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory, thereby increasing an amount of storage space allocated to a computing system at a lower cost than approaches that rely solely on non-persistent memory. In an example apparatus, an input/output (I/O) device can receive signaling that includes a command to write to or read data from an address corresponding to a non-persistent memory device, and can determine where to redirect the request. For example, the I/O device can determine to write or read data to and/or from the non-persistent memory device or the persistent memory device based at least in part on one or more characteristics of the data.

Abstract: Apparatuses, systems, and methods corresponding to hierarchical memory systems are described. Logic circuitry can be resident on a persistent memory device, thereby reducing latencies associated with transferring data between the logic circuitry and the persistent memory device. Logic circuitry on a persistent memory device may include an address register configured to store logical addresses corresponding to stored data. The logic circuitry may receive a redirected request (e.g., prior to redirection, directed to a non-persistent memory device) to retrieve a portion of the data stored in the persistent memory device, determine, in response to receipt of the request to retrieve the portion of the stored data, a physical address corresponding to the portion of the data based on the logical address stored in the address register, and cause the data to be retrieved from the persistent memory device.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to host-based bit string conversion are described. A conversion component may be deployed on a host computing system and configured to perform operations on bit strings to selectively convert the bit string between various numeric formats, such as floating-point and/or universal number (e.g., posit) formats. The conversion component may comprise a processing device that may be coupled to one or more memory resources. The memory resource of the conversion component may be configured to receive a bit string having a first format. The processing device of the conversion component coupled to the memory resource may be configured to format or convert the bit string to a second format.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to three tiered hierarchical memory systems are described herein. A three tiered hierarchical memory system can leverage persistent memory to store data that is generally stored in a non-persistent memory, thereby increasing an amount of storage space allocated to a computing system at a lower cost than approaches that rely solely on non-persistent memory. An example apparatus may include a persistent memory, and one or more non-persistent memories configured to map an address associated with an input/output (I/O) device to an address in logic circuitry prior to the apparatus receiving a request from the I/O device to access data stored in the persistent memory, and map the address associated with the I/O device to an address in a non-persistent memory subsequent to the apparatus receiving the request and accessing the data.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to arithmetic and logical operations in a multi-user network are described. An agent may be provisioned with a pool of shared computing resources that includes circuitry to perform operations on data (e.g., one or more posit bit strings) in a multi-user network. The circuitry can perform operations on data to convert the data between one or more formats, such as floating-point and/or universal number (e.g., posit) formats, and can further perform arithmetic and/or logical operations on the converted data. The agent may receive a parameter corresponding to performance of an arithmetic operation and/or a logical operation using one or more posit bit strings and cause performance of the arithmetic operation and/or the logical operation using the one or more posit bit strings.

Abstract: Systems, apparatuses, and methods related to extended memory communication subsystems for performing extended memory operations are described. An example method can include receiving, at a processing unit that is coupled between a host device and a non-volatile memory device, signaling indicative of a plurality of operations to be performed on data written to or read from the non-volatile memory device. The method can further include performing, at the processing unit, at least one operation of the plurality of operations in response to the signaling. The method can further include accessing a portion of a memory array in the non-volatile memory device. The method can further include transmitting additional signaling indicative of a command to perform one or more additional operations of the plurality of operations on the data written to or read from the non-volatile memory device.