Abstract: A data merging method for flash memory, a flash memory control circuit unit and a flash memory storage device are provided. The disclosure is applicable to a flash memory, an embedded memory device or a solid state drive of 3D structure. The method includes: selecting at least one source physical erasing unit from at least one first physical erasing unit according to a valid data count of the at least one first physical erasing unit and a valid data count of each of a plurality of memory sub-modules; and copying valid data in the at least one source physical erasing unit to at least one destination physical erasing unit to perform a valid data merging operation.

Abstract: A data merging method for flash memory, a flash memory control circuit unit and a flash memory storage device are provided. The disclosure is applicable to a flash memory, an embedded memory device or a solid state drive of 3D structure. The method includes: selecting at least one source physical erasing unit from at least one first physical erasing unit according to a valid data count of the at least one first physical erasing unit and a valid data count of each of a plurality of memory sub-modules; and copying valid data in the at least one source physical erasing unit to at least one destination physical erasing unit to perform a valid data merging operation.

Abstract: The disclosure provides methods of tolerizing or treating a subject suffering from an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease or disorder to an antigen associated with the autoimmune disease or disorder. The disclosure also features kits for carrying out the methods.

Abstract: A memory management method. The memory management method includes: receiving a command from a host system; sending a command sequence corresponding to the command to a rewritable non-volatile memory module; determining a delay time; and sending a plurality of polling commands to the rewritable non-volatile memory module after the delay time.

Abstract: A converged memory device includes: a first memory group having first characteristics; a second memory group having second characteristics that are different from the first characteristics; and a controller configured to migrate predetermined data of the second memory group into a cache region in the first memory group, wherein the controller is further configured to migrate data of the second memory group into the cache region by using the cache region as a buffer when an energy throttling operation is performed on the second memory group.

Abstract: A memory management method for a memory storage device is provided. The memory management method includes: detecting effective information of at least one operation event performed by the memory storage device in a first mode; and adjusting a threshold value according to the effective information. The threshold value is configured to determine whether to instruct the memory storage device to enter the first mode.

Abstract: A converged memory device includes: a first memory group having first characteristics; a second memory group having second characteristics that are different from the first characteristics; and a controller configured to migrate predetermined data of the second memory group into a cache region in the first memory group, wherein the controller is further configured to migrate data of the second memory group into the cache region by using the cache region as a buffer when an energy throttling operation is performed on the second memory group.

Abstract: A convergence memory device includes a plurality of memories and a controller configured to control the plurality of memories. When an access request for accessing a storage region included in one or more of the memories is received, the controller determines whether the access request has been received a preset number of times or more within a refresh cycle. When the controller determines that the access request has been received the preset number of times or more, the controller postpones processing of the received access request.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of tolerizing or treating a subject suffering from an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease or disorder to an antigen associated with the autoimmune disease or disorder. The invention also features kits for carrying out the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A memory system may improve the endurance and performance of a plurality of memories included in the memory system mounted on a server system or a data processing system. For example, the memory system may throttle energy of a first memory using a second memory having a different characteristic from the first memory, control accesses to a memory region according to a refresh cycle, and control accesses to memories having different temperatures according to a priority of a request for each of the memories.

Abstract: An automatic hair powder dispenser includes a housing, a cartridge that is installed in the housing and accommodates hair powder, a blower fan unit that is installed in the housing so as to be in communication with the cartridge, and a battery that is installed in the housing and supplies electric power to the blower fan unit. Two or more flow tubes through which air supplied from the blower fan unit flows in different directions are provided in the cartridge, thereby efficiently dispersing the hair powder in the cartridge and easily and uniformly discharging the hair powder.

Abstract: A convergence memory device includes a plurality of memories and a controller configured to control the plurality of memories. When an access request for accessing a storage region included in one or more of the memories is received, the controller determines whether the access request has been received a preset number of times or more within a refresh cycle. When the controller determines that the access request has been received the preset number of times or more, the controller postpones processing of the received access request.

Abstract: A converged memory device includes: a first memory group having first characteristics; a second memory group having second characteristics that are different from the first characteristics; and a controller configured to migrate predetermined data of the second memory group into a cache region in the first memory group, wherein the controller is further configured to migrate data of the second memory group into the cache region by using the cache region as a buffer when an energy throttling operation is performed on the second memory group.

Abstract: An automatic hair powder dispenser includes a housing, a cartridge that is installed in the housing and accommodates hair powder, a blower fan unit that is installed in the housing so as to be in communication with the cartridge, and a battery that is installed in the housing and supplies electric power to the blower fan unit. Two or more flow tubes through which air supplied from the blower fan unit flows in different directions are provided in the cartridge, thereby efficiently dispersing the hair powder in the cartridge and easily and uniformly discharging the hair powder.

Abstract: A method of operating a data storage device is provided. Size information of write data and write speed information is received from a host. A first write area is determined to store the write data based on the size information and the write speed information. The write data is received from the host. The write data is written to the first write area using at least one method selected among a plurality of write methods according to the write speed information.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus are provided for establishing a wireless network connection between a mobile terminal and an electronic apparatus by using a near field communication network. At least one electronic apparatus is connected to the near field communication network. A mobile terminal is connected to the near field communication network, exchanges information with the at least one electronic apparatus for a wireless communication network connection through the connected near field communication network, and establishes the wireless communication network connection with the at least one electronic apparatus based on the exchanged information.

Abstract: A processing system and a method therefor are provided. The method includes receiving a selection signal that a payment on delivery linked with a mobile application is designated as a payment mode for goods, from a terminal of a user, in which the mobile application is installed, generating an order request signal as a payment server which connects with the terminal over a network matches goods identification data associated with the goods with user identification data of the user who is registered in the mobile application to correspond to each other; verifying ordered records associated with the user identification data and starting a payment session for payment as the terminal executes the mobile application according to an operation of the user who receives the goods, and receiving a payment completion signal generated from the payment session and paying for the goods according to the goods identification data.

Abstract: The invention provides methods of tolerizing or treating a subject suffering from an autoimmune or autoinflammatory disease or disorder to an antigen associated with the autoimmune disease or disorder. The invention also features kits for carrying out the methods of the invention.

Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus are provided for establishing a wireless network connection between a mobile terminal and an electronic apparatus by using a near field communication network. At least one electronic apparatus is connected to the near field communication network. A mobile terminal is connected to the near field communication network, exchanges information with the at least one electronic apparatus for a wireless communication network connection through the connected near field communication network, and establishes the wireless communication network connection with the at least one electronic apparatus based on the exchanged information.

Abstract: A method of operating a data storage device is provided. Size information of write data and write speed information is received from a host. A first write area is determined to store the write data based on the size information and the write speed information. The write data is received from the host. The write data is written to the first write area using at least one method selected among a plurality of write methods according to the write speed information.