Abstract: A system, method, and apparatus are provided for establishing a wireless network connection between a mobile terminal and an electronic apparatus by using a near field communication network. At least one electronic apparatus is connected to the near field communication network. A mobile terminal is connected to the near field communication network, exchanges information with the at least one electronic apparatus for a wireless communication network connection through the connected near field communication network, and establishes the wireless communication network connection with the at least one electronic apparatus based on the exchanged information.

Abstract: A nonvolatile magnetic memory device using a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) uses as a data storage unit an MTJ including a pinned magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic insulating layer, and a free magnetic layer which are sequentially stacked. The free magnetic layer includes at least one soft magnetic amorphous alloy layer in which zirconium (Zr) is added to a soft magnetic material formed of cobalt (Co) or a Co-based alloy.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hard disk drive and an operation method thereof. A method of operating a hard disk drive according to the present invention may include (a) loading drive data required to drive the hard disk drive from a maintenance cylinder area contained in a disk to a memory; and (b) writing test data output from a head into a spare area contained in the maintenance cylinder area, wherein the steps (a) and (b) are carried out within a ready time.

Abstract: A method is provided for synchronizing time between nodes in a wireless communication system. A reference node transmits a first packet to a correspondent node. Upon receiving the first packet, the correspondent node transmits a second packet with a reception time of the first packet recorded therein, to the reference node. Upon receiving the second packet, the reference node calculates a forward delay time using a transmission time and the reception time of the first packet. The correspondent node receives a third packet with the forward delay time from the reference node, and calculates a reverse delay time. The correspondent node calculates an offset value for the synchronization using the forward delay time and the reverse delay time.

Abstract: A nonvolatile magnetic memory device using a magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) uses as a data storage unit an MTJ including a pinned magnetic layer, a nonmagnetic insulating layer, and a free magnetic layer which are sequentially stacked. The free magnetic layer includes at least one soft magnetic amorphous alloy layer in which zirconium (Zr) is added to a soft magnetic material formed of cobalt (Co) or a Co-based alloy.

Abstract: A cover for mounting to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) electronic device, the USB electronic device includes a shell defining an opening and a USB connector exposed at the opening. The USB connector includes a GND pin and an ID pin. The cover includes a main body and an elastomeric push button; the main body engagably attaches to the shell and covers the opening; the elastomeric push button is formed on the main body and is configured for powering on or off the USB electronic device; the elastomeric push button includes two metal pins connected with each other and configured for short-circuiting the GND pin to the ID pin when the elastomeric push button is depressed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a time slot allocation method for reducing consumption of energy in a wireless sensor network, including transmitting and receiving, by an upper node, a report request and a response to and from at least one lower node in order to identify whether there is data to be transmitted between the upper node and the at least one lower node, transmitting, by the upper node, information required for data transmission to the at least one lower node based on the report request and response, and transmitting and receiving, by the upper node, data to and from the at least one lower node based on the information required for data transmission.

Abstract: There is disclosed a hard disk drive and an operation method thereof. A method of operating a hard disk drive according to the present invention may include (a) loading drive data required to drive the hard disk drive from a maintenance cylinder area contained in a disk to a memory; and (b) writing test data output from a head into a spare area contained in the maintenance cylinder area, wherein the steps (a) and (b) are carried out within a ready time.

Abstract: A magnetic random access memory (MRAM) includes a memory cell having a first transistor and a first magnetic tunneling junction (MTJ) layer, and a reference cell operable as a basis when reading data stored in the memory cell, the reference cell including second and third MTJ layers arranged in parallel to each other, and a second transistor connected in series to each of the second and third MTJ layers, the second transistor having a driving capability corresponding to twice a driving capability of the first transistor of the memory cell.

Abstract: Provided are a field emission electrode, a method of manufacturing the field emission electrode, and a field emission device including the field emission electrode. The field emission electrode may include a substrate, carbon nanotubes formed on the substrate, and a conductive layer formed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. Conductive nanoparticles may be attached to the external walls of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: Provided are a field emission electrode, a method of manufacturing the field emission electrode, and a field emission device including the field emission electrode. The field emission electrode may include a substrate, carbon nanotubes formed on the substrate, and a conductive layer formed on at least a portion of the surface of the substrate. Conductive nanoparticles may be attached to the external walls of the carbon nanotubes.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device including a metal-insulator transition (MIT) material is provided. The non-volatile memory device includes a gate stack having a tunneling layer, a charge trap layer, a blocking layer and a gate electrode formed on a substrate, wherein at least one of the tunneling layer and the blocking layer is formed of an MIT (metal-insulator transition) material.

Abstract: A method of synthesizing carbon nanotubes including forming a solution including an organometallic compound containing catalyst particles and a solvent, adding at least one support to the solution, wherein the carbon nanotubes are synthesized on a surface of the at least one support, and applying radiation to the solution to which the at least one support is added.

Abstract: A cover for mounting to a Universal Serial Bus (USB) electronic device, the USB electronic device includes a shell defining an opening and a USB connector exposed at the opening. The USB connector includes a GND pin and an ID pin. The cover includes a main body and an elastomeric push button; the main body engagably attaches to the shell and covers the opening; the elastomeric push button is formed on the main body and is configured for powering on or off the USB electronic device; the elastomeric push button includes two metal pins connected with each other and configured for short-circuiting the GND pin to the ID pin when the elastomeric push button is depressed.

Abstract: A control device includes a plug, a number of resistors and a number of switches, and a number of buttons corresponding to the switches respectively. The resistors and the switches cooperatively form a plurality of current circuits. A control system using the control device includes an electronic device, which includes a socket connected to the plug. The socket includes an ADCIO pin coupled to the first pin, which connects to a power source via a pull-up resistor. A connection node between the ADCIO pin and the pull-up resistor forms a voltage detection point. When the control device is connected to the electronic device, if one of the buttons is pressed, the switch corresponding to the pressed button is switched on to generate a corresponding conductive current circuit, and generate an input signal at the voltage detection point. The electronic device executes a corresponding function according to the input signal.

Abstract: A wire control device for wired remotely controlling an electronic device. The wire control device includes a USB connector and a control switch, and the control switch generates control signals. The electronic device includes a USB port and a process unit. When the USB port is connected to the USB connector of the wire control device, the process unit receives the control signals via the USB port and executes corresponding functions.

Abstract: A method for managing scratches on a disk of a hard disk drive is disclosed. By dividing the disk into a plurality of evaluation groups, testing each evaluation group for defects, calculating line equations based on the detected defects and determining whether the defects of the evaluation groups appreciably conform to their respective line equations, scratch fill operations may be appropriately performed using the line equations.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device including one transistor and one resistant material and a method of manufacturing the nonvolatile memory device are provided. The nonvolatile memory device includes a substrate, a transistor formed on the substrate, and a data storage unit connected to a drain of the transistor. The data storage unit includes a data storage material layer having different resistance characteristics in different voltage ranges.

Abstract: An orientation detection circuit is provided. The circuit includes a processor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, and a vibration switch. The processor comprises a first input pin and a second input pin. The second resistor has a resistance value greater than that of the first resistor. The third resistor has a resistance value greater than that to the second resistor. The switch comprises a first terminal connected to a power source and a second terminal connected to the second input pin and connected to ground via the third resistor. The switch includes a third terminal connected to the first terminal via the second resistor, and a fourth terminal connected to the first input pin and connected to ground via the first resistor. The switch also includes a fifth terminal connected to the fourth terminal, and a conductive ball for contacting two or three of the terminals.

Abstract: An orientation detection circuit is provided. The circuit includes a processor, a first resistor, a second resistor, a third resistor, a vibration switch, a first transistor, and a second transistor. The processor includes a first input pin and a second input pin. The third resistor has a resistance value greater than that of the first resistor and the third resistor. The vibration switch includes a first terminal being grounded, a second terminal connected to the second input pin, a third terminal connected to a power source, and a fourth terminal connected via the third resistor to the second terminal and connected to the first input pin. The first transistor has a first source connected via the first resistor to the power source, a first drain connected to the first input pin, and a first gate connected to the second input pin.