Abstract: A method for fabricating an enlarged fluid channel. The method includes providing a substrate with a patterned sacrificial layer thereon. A patterned support layer is formed on the substrate and covers the sacrificial layer. A fluid channel is formed by wet etching the substrate and exposing the sacrificial layer. A first chamber is formed by removing a portion of the sacrificial layer in the wet etching process. Finally, the first chamber and the exit-end of the fluid channel are enlarged by wet etching. More specifically, the exit-end of the fluid channel is enlarged using multiple steps of etching the sacrificial layer without changing the dimensions of the entry-end of the fluid channel.

Abstract: A fluid ejection device includes a first substrate having a first crystal orientation, a second substrate having a second crystal orientation, bound to the first substrate, a manifold through the first and second substrates, a chamber formed in the second substrate, connected with the manifold, and a plurality of nozzles connecting to the chamber, wherein the first crystal orientation is different from the second crystal orientation. A method of fabricating the same is also disclosed.

Abstract: A fluid injector and method of manufacturing the same. The fluid injector comprises a base, a first through hole, a fluid actuator, a passivation layer, and a thick hydrophobic film. The base includes a chamber and a surface. The first through hole communicates with the chamber, and is disposed in the base. The fluid actuator is disposed on the surface near the first through hole, and is located outside the chamber. The passivation layer is disposed on the surface. The thick hydrophobic film defines a second through hole, and is disposed on the passivation layer outside the chamber. The second through hole communicates with the first through hole.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a fluid injection micro device. The method includes the steps of providing a substrate with an insulating layer thereon. A heater is formed on the insulating layer. A patterned conductive layer is formed on the heater and the insulating layer. A protective layer is formed on the conductive layer to insulate the conductive layer. An opening is formed by sequentially etching the protective layer, the insulating layer and the substrate. A patterned thick film, having a defined chamber, is formed on the protective layer. The back of the substrate is removed and thinned until the opening forms a through hole.

Abstract: A method for fabricating a monolithic fluid injection device. The method includes providing a substrate with a patterned sacrificial layer thereon. Next, a patterned support layer and a patterned resistive layer, as a heating element, are formed on the substrate sequentially. A patterned insulating layer having a heating element contact via and a first opening is formed on the support layer. A patterned conductive layer is formed on the support layer and fills the heating element contact via as a signal transmitting circuit. A patterned protective layer having a signal transmitting circuit contact via and a second opening corresponding to the first opening is formed on the substrate. A manifold is formed by wet etching the back of the substrate to expose the sacrificial layer. A chamber is formed by removing the sacrificial layer in the wet etching process. Finally, an opening connecting the chamber is formed by etching the support layer along the second opening.

Abstract: A multi-functional massage device has an accommodating body, an actuating element located above the accommodating body, and a casing. A vibration motor is arranged in the accommodating body. A conductive column electrically connected to one electrode of the vibration motor is formed on a top of the accommodating body. The actuating element has a collar, a cap, a ring, and a conductive spring. One open end of the collar receives the cap. A ring is formed at a lower portion of the actuating element. A conductive spring is mounted between the column and the ring. The casing receives the accommodating body, the ring, the conductive spring, and a battery that is electrically connected to another electrode of the motor. The protrusion, the top of the conductive spring, and the conductive column are aligned with one another. The battery is further electrically connected to the casing.

Abstract: A fluid injector and method of manufacturing the same. The fluid injector comprises a base, a first through hole, a bubble generator, a passivation layer, and a metal layer. The base includes a chamber and a surface. The first through hole communicates with the chamber, and is disposed in the base. The bubble generator is disposed on the surface near the first through hole, and is located outside the chamber. The passivation layer is disposed on the surface. The metal layer defines a second through hole, and is disposed on the passivation layer outside the chamber. The second through hole communicates with the first through hole.

Abstract: A microinjector uses bubbles as virtual valves to eject droplets of different sizes. The microinjector is in fluid communications with a reservoir and has a substrate, an orifice layer, and a plurality of nozzles. The substrate has a manifold for receiving ink from the reservoir. The orifice layer is positioned on the top of the substrate so that a plurality of chambers are formed between the orifice layer and the top of the substrate. Each of the nozzles has an orifice and at least three bubble generating components. The bubble generating components are selectively driven by a driving circuit so that each nozzle can eject droplets of different sizes.

Abstract: A multi-functional massage device has an accommodating body, an actuating element located above the accommodating body, and a casing. A vibration motor is arranged in the accommodating body. A conductive column electrically connected to one electrode of the vibration motor is formed on a top of the accommodating body. The actuating element has a collar, a cap, a ring, and a conductive spring. One open end of the collar receives the cap. A ring is formed at a lower portion of the actuating element. A conductive spring is mounted between the column and the ring. The casing receives the accommodating body, the ring, the conductive spring, and a battery that is electrically connected to another electrode of the motor. The protrusion, the top of the conductive spring, and the conductive column are aligned with one another. The battery is further electrically connected to the casing.

Abstract: A surface isolation device for isolating a predetermined area of a second surface of a wafer from an etching solution while the etching solution etches a first surface of the wafer to form a plurality of manifolds in the wafer. The surface isolation device has a base for positioning the wafer, a fixture for fixing the wafer on the base, and an isolation ring positioned on the base for isolating the predetermined area from the etching solution. When the fixture fixes the wafer on the base, the wafer sticks to the isolation ring, forming a seal that isolates the predetermined area from the etching solution.

Abstract: A gradational etching method for high density wafer production. The gradational etching method acts on a substrate having a first passivation layer and a second passivation layer on a top surface and a bottom surface, respectively, of the substrate. A first etching process is performed to simultaneously etch the substrate and the first passivation layer to remove the first passivation layer. Finally, a second etching process is performed to etch the substrate to a designated depth that is used to control the thickness of the wafer after the second etching process.

Abstract: A wafer protection apparatus for holding a wafer in a liquid. The wafer includes a first surface and a second surface opposite the first surface, and the second surface includes a first portion and a second portion. A reaction rate to the liquid of the second portion is faster than that of the first portion. The wafer protection apparatus comprises a first base, a second base, and a first sealing member. The first base holds the wafer in a manner such that the first base is in contact with the first surface of the wafer. The second base is connected with the first base. The first sealing member is disposed on the second base so as to abut the first portion of the second surface of the wafer.

Abstract: A wafer protection device. The wafer has a first surface etched with an etching fluid and a second surface, and the wafer protection device is applied to the wafer to prevent a specific area on the second surface of the wafer from etching. The wafer protection device has a body and a pressure modulating device. The body covers the specific area of the wafer and provides an isolated cavity between the body and the specific area to prevent the specific area from contacting the etching fluid, and the pressure modulating device is provided on the body and connected to the isolated cavity to modulate pressure in the isolated cavity.

Abstract: A jet, and a method thereof, use bubbles as virtual valves to eject droplets of different sizes. The jet is in fluid communication with a reservoir and has a substrate, an orifice layer, first nozzles, and second nozzles. The substrate has a manifold for receiving ink from the reservoir. The orifice layer is positioned on the top of the substrate to form first chambers and second chambers. First orifices of the first nozzles and second orifices of the second nozzles are formed on the orifice layer. The jet has at least one of following characteristics: (a) the first chambers are larger than the second chambers; (b) an interval between two heating units of the first nozzle is larger than an interval between two heating units of the second nozzle; and (c) the apertures of the first orifices are larger than the apertures of the second orifices.

Abstract: An apparatus for using the bubble as a virtual valve to eject ink comprises a chamber, orifice, and heaters. The chamber, having a top surface and a bottom surface, is connected to the ink reservoir by a manifold. Two heaters, connected in series to a common electrode, are located on the bottom surface of the chamber. One heater having higher resistance is positioned adjacent to the manifold, and the other heater having lower resistance is positioned away from the manifold. When an electrical pulse is applied to activate the heaters, the heater close to the manifold heats up first, and generates a first bubble to isolate the ink flow between the chamber and manifold, thereby reducing the effects of cross talk. Subsequently, the heater away from the manifold generates the second bubble to pressurize the ink in the chamber with the first bubble, and the ink is ejected through the orifice. Then, the first bubble collapses, and breaks the isolation between the manifold and the chamber.

Abstract: A microinjector uses bubbles as virtual valves to eject droplets of different sizes. The microinjector is in fluid communications with a reservoir and has a substrate, an orifice layer, and a plurality of nozzles. The substrate has a manifold for receiving ink from the reservoir. The orifice layer is positioned on the top of the substrate so that a plurality of chambers are formed between the orifice layer and the top of the substrate. Each of the nozzles has an orifice and at least three bubble generating components. The bubble generating components are selectively driven by a driving circuit so that each nozzle can eject droplets of different sizes.

Abstract: A surface isolation device for isolating a predetermined area of a second surface of a wafer from an etching solution while the etching solution etches a first surface of the wafer to form a plurality of manifolds in the wafer. The surface isolation device has a base for positioning the wafer, a fixture for fixing the wafer on the base, and an isolation ring positioned on the base for isolating the predetermined area from the etching solution. When the fixture fixes the wafer on the base, the wafer sticks to the isolation ring, forming a seal that isolates the predetermined area from the etching solution.

Abstract: A jet, and a method thereof, use bubbles as virtual valves to eject droplets of different sizes. The jet is in fluid communication with a reservoir and has a substrate, an orifice layer, first nozzles, and second nozzles. The substrate has a manifold for receiving ink from the reservoir. The orifice layer is positioned on the top of the substrate to form first chambers and second chambers. First orifices of the first nozzles and second orifices of the second nozzles are formed on the orifice layer. The jet has at least one of following characteristics: (a) the first chambers are larger than the second chambers; (b) an interval between two heating units of the first nozzle is larger than an interval between two heating units of the second nozzle; and (c) the apertures of the first orifices are larger than the apertures of the second orifices.

Abstract: An apparatus for using the bubble as a virtual valve to eject ink comprises a chamber, orifice, and heaters. The chamber, having a top surface and a bottom surface, is connected to the ink reservoir by a manifold. Two heaters, connected in series to a common electrode, are located on the bottom surface of the chamber. One heater having higher resistance is positioned adjacent to the manifold, and the other heater having lower resistance is positioned away from the manifold. When an electrical pulse is applied to activate the heaters, the heater close to the manifold heats up first, and generates a first bubble to isolate the ink flow between the chamber and manifold, thereby reducing the effects of cross talk. Subsequently, the heater away from the manifold generates the second bubble to pressurize the ink in the chamber with the first bubble, and the ink is ejected through the orifice. Then, the first bubble collapses, and breaks the isolation between the manifold and the chamber.

Abstract: A gradational etching method for high density wafer production. The gradational etching method acts on a substrate having a first passivation layerand a second passivation layer on a top surface and a bottom surface, respectively, of the substrate. A first etching process is performed to simultaneously etch the substrate and the first passivation layer to remove the first passivation layer. Finally, a second etching process is performed to etch the substrate to a designated depth that is used to control the thickness of the wafer after the second etching process.