Abstract: An optical switching system that switches optical signals in three dimensions by moving an optically transmissive microstructure. The movable microstructure is “optically transmissive” because it includes structures such as waveguides and waveguide networks. The apparatus uses MEMS and micro-machining technology to build an optical switch having an optically transmissive microstructure which moves from one position to another position in a direction (e.g., laterally, vertically, rotationally) such that incoming optical signals align over a small air gap with different waveguides, or with different inputs to the waveguides, depending on the position of the movable microstructure. As a result, the optical signals travel different optical paths (e.g., straight pass through or cross over) depending on the position of the movable microstructure. By combining optical switches in both the vertical and horizontal directions, the resulting optical switching system handles switching in three dimensions.

Abstract: A method and system of testing a chip for testing a circuit module in the chip. The system is integrated into the chip. The reference clock and the test command are sent to the testing system serially. The testing system, in response to the test command, performs test actions on the circuit module, producing a test result. The test result is serially sent to the test machine.

Abstract: An electromagnetic shield includes a multi-walled cover with a peripheral gap between inner walls and outer walls. An shielding gasket may be mounted in the peripheral gap. The electromagnetic shield further includes a fence disposed within the peripheral gap and arranged for mounting on a printed circuit board. The electromagnetic shield provides a barrier to electromagnetic signals from being radiated between an interior of the electromagnetic shield and an exterior.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of forming a metal capacitor with two metal electrodes. The first step of the present invention is providing a substrate comprising a source/drain area and a capacitor area. Then a first insulating layer is formed. A step of patterning the first insulating layer is performed to form at least one contact hole. A barrier metal layer is conformably formed on the surface of the contact hole and the insulating layer. Then a metal plug is formed in the contact hole. Then a dielectric plate with an area larger than that of the capacitor area is formed on a predetermined surface of the metal plug and the barriermetal layer. Then a metal layer is formed and patterned to define a top electrode plate, a bottom plate and at least a metal line. The top electrode plate is the metal layer on the top center of the dielectric plate, the bottom electrode plate is the barrier metal layer under the dielectric plate.

Abstract: A method of fabricating an ESD protection circuit without salicide formation is described. First, the isolation regions, the dielectric layer, the gate structures, the resistors, the end capacitor electrodes and the doped regions are formed on the substrate. Next, the ESD areas and the capacitor areas are defined as the non-photolithography (i.e., non-photoresist) areas. Next, ion implantation is performed in the ESD areas and the capacitor areas. Next, an oxide layer is formed on the sidewall spacers of the gate structures, resistors, and end capacitor electrodes. Next, an oxide layer is formed over entire semiconductor substrate. Next, the oxide layer at the active areas is removed and than salicide process is performed.

Abstract: A method for forming a dynamic random access memory cell with an increased capacitance capacitor having a multi-pillared storage node is achieved. A first layer of polysilicon fills an opening through a first dielectric layer to a node contact region. A photoresist mask is formed over the portion of a second dielectric layer over the polysilicon layer over the node contact region. The photoresist mask is silylated. The top silylated photoresist portion is removed. The second dielectric layer and the first polysilicon layer are etched away where they are not covered by the photoresist mask and the silylated photoresist sidewalls thereby forming a T-shaped first polysilicon layer. The photoresist mask is removed whereby the silylated photoresist sidewalls remain. The second dielectric layer is etched away where it is not covered by the silylated photoresist sidewalls thereby forming dielectric bars underlying the sidewalls and exposing the first polysilicon layer between the dielectric bars.

Abstract: Pulp fibers derived from wood or non-wood plants or recycled paper products, which are 0.1-30 mm long and about 0.001-0.1 mm in equivalent diameter, are individualized by mechanical action, blended with at least one of the dry ingredients of the cement-based material and then mixed with the remaining ingredients of conventional cement-based mixtures using conventional mixing equipment for effectively improving fresh and hardened properties of cement-based materials. Dispersion is achieved by individualizing the plant pulp fibers by mechanical action, and further by blending the individualized fibers with at least one of the dry ingredients of the mix and then with the remaining ingredients of the cement-based material, with fibers added at relatively low dosages of about 0.3-30 kg per cubic meter. The affinity of plant pulp fibers for water facilitates their dispersion in conventional cement-based mixtures.

Abstract: A CO.sub.2 pre-curing period is used prior to accelerated (steam or high-pressure steam) curing of cement and concrete products in order to: (1) prepare the products to withstand the high temperature and vapor pressure in the accelerated curing environment without microcracking and damage; and (2) incorporate the advantages of carbonation reactions in terms of dimensional stability, chemical stability, increased strength and hardness, and improved abrasion resistance into cement and concrete products without substantially modifying the conventional procedures of accelerated curing. Depending on the moisture content of the product, the invention may accomplish CO.sub.2 pre-curing by first drying the product (e.g. at slightly elevated temperature) and then expose it to a carbon dioxide-rich environment. Vigorous reactions of cement paste in the presence of carbon dioxide provide the products with enhanced strength, integrity and chemical and dimensional stability in a relatively short time period.

Abstract: Pulp fibers derived from wood or non-wood plants or recycled paper products are individualized and dispersed in water, and mixed into cement-based mixtures using conventional mixing procedures at relatively low dosages of about 0.3-30 kg of fiber per cubic meter of concrete. Once individualized, the affinity of plant pulp fibers for water facilitates their dispersion in normal cement-based mixtures. Fresh cement-based materials incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers provide desirable workability, resistance to segregation and bleeding, pumpability, finishability, and reduced rebound when pneumatically applied. Hardened cement-based materials incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers provide improvements in crack resistance, toughness, impact resistance, fatigue life, abrasion resistance, and other mechanical, physical and durability characteristics.

Abstract: Pulp fibers derived from wood or non-wood plants or recycled paper products, which are about 0.1-30 mm long and about 0.001-0.1 mm in diameter with length-to-diameter ratio of about 30-3000, are dispersed in conventional concrete mixtures using conventional mixing equipment for effectively improving fresh and hardened concrete properties at relatively low cost. Dispersion is achieved by individualizing the plant pulp fibers so that they are not fully bonded to each other, and dispersing the individual fibers in concrete at relatively low dosages of about 0.3-30 kg per cubic meter. Once individualized, the affinity of plant pulp fibers for water facilitates their dispersion in conventional concrete mixtures. Fresh concrete mixtures incorporating the dispersed individualized plant pulp fibers possess desirable workability, resistance to segregation and bleeding, pumpability, finishability, and reduced rebound when pneumatically applied.

Abstract: A musical wind chime especially to one which generates music according to the appearance of the wind chime includes a wind chime body and a sound control circuit. A power source is used to supply the required electrical power to the sound control circuit. A wind control switch connected between the power source and the sound control circuit for responding to any wind to intermittently connect the power source to the sound control circuit and generating music therefrom. The wind control switch includes a circular conductor formed inside the wind chime body, a conductive rod hung therein but not contact with the circular conductor, and a conductive ball attached to the conductive rod such that when some wind occurs it causes the conductive ball to swing and contact with the circular conductor. A wind plate is suspended under the conductive ball for receiving wind force thereby driving the conductive ball to contact with the circular conductor.

Abstract: A light string controlling apparatus includes a bridge rectifier, an RC filter, an signal generator, and a silicon controlled rectifier. The signal generator provides the gate of the silicon controlled rectifier a train of pulses or analog signals or a combination of pulses and analog signals, to control the conducting angle of the silicon controlled rectifier, affecting the flashing frequency and illumination of a light string.

Abstract: An automatic delay-controlling device for pre-setting a delay of the switching-on or switching-off of loads such as general motors, lighting apparatuses, etc., having a controller, a central processing unit, a read only memory, an address multiplexer, a programmable peripheral interface, an ouput driver and an alternating-current power supply connected to the output driver via a load. The controller is connected to the central processing unit and has three buttons serving as inputs to the central processing unit for inputting the duration of the delay. The central processing unit, read only memory, address multiplexer and programmable peripheral interface are intercommunicated to co-process signals from the controller in order to control the operation of the output driver. Therefore, the output driver is controlled to carry or not carry the load with the aid of the alternating-current power supply.

Abstract: A process and apparatus for on-line measurement of unflatness of hot or cold rolled strip products, wherein the longitudinal bending of a shape roll over which the strip passes provides a measure of the unflatness of the strip. Actual values of force, displacement or bending moment near the ends of the shape roll may be compared to theoretically predicted values for a flat product and for product having various out-of-flatness conditions. Preferably, the shape roll is supported at its ends by two pairs of supports, and the measurements at the supports are used in determining roll bending and then strip unflatness. Other conditions such as off-center strip and asymmetric operation of the rolling mill may also be determined from the measurement.

Abstract: A device for applying coolant/lubricant to the surface of the rolls of the rolling mill and/or the workpiece being rolled. The device comprises a housing having a plurality of nozzles associated therewith, a rotating inner manifold having a plurality of apertures therein in a particular array for directing liquid to the nozzles and sealing means between the manifold and housing which provides a leak-free passageway for the liquid. The manifold is rotated to align the apertures therein with the leak-free passageway to supply liquid to the desired nozzles.