Abstract: This disclosure relates to an apparatus and methods for applying X-ray reflectometry (XRR) in characterizing three dimensional nanostructures supported on a flat substrate with a miniscule sampling area and a thickness in nanometers. In particular, this disclosure is targeted for addressing the difficulties encountered when XRR is applied to samples with intricate nanostructures along all three directions, e.g. arrays of nanostructured poles or shafts. Convergent X-ray with long wavelength, greater than that from a copper anode of 0.154 nm and less than twice of the characteristic dimensions along the film thickness direction, is preferably used with appropriate collimations on both incident and detection arms to enable the XRR for measurements of samples with limited sample area and scattering volumes.

Abstract: A charged particle beam scanning module, a charged particle beam device, and a computer that can correct an INL error in a DAC circuit in real time. The charged particle beam scanning module includes a scanning controller configured to output a scanning digital signal of a charged particle beam, a DAC circuit configured to convert the scanning digital signal into a scanning analog signal and output the scanning analog signal, and an ADC circuit configured to convert the scanning analog signal into an evaluation digital signal. A sampling frequency at which the DAC circuit samples the scanning digital signal is a first frequency, and a sampling frequency at which the ADC circuit samples the scanning analog signal is a second frequency smaller than the first frequency. The scanning controller determines an output characteristic of the DAC circuit by evaluating the scanning digital signal and the evaluation digital signal.

Abstract: A non-light-emitting, variable transmission device can include a first substrate, a first transparent conductive layer, an electrochromic layer, a second transparent conductive layer, a second substrate; and an interlayer disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate. The non-light-emitting, variable transmission device is configured such that a failure of the non-light-emitting, variable transmission device is less likely than another non-light-emitting, variable transmission device in which the interlayer directly contacts the second transparent conductive layer and has a moisture content of at least 0.08 wt %. In an embodiment, the interlayer has a moisture content of at most 0.05 wt %.

Abstract: A pressure sensor system is provided. In another aspect, a wireless intraocular pressure sensor includes a deformable or stretchable inductor. A further aspect of an intraocular pressure sensing system includes a deformable inductor sized to contact an eye. Another aspect provides an organ pressure sensing system including a passive inductor with a wavy, serpentine or undulating shape.

Abstract: Provided is a charged particle beam device with low blanking noise and improved signal detection accuracy. As means therefor, a charged particle beam device is configured by: a stage where a sample is mountable; a charged particle gun performing charged particle emission to the sample; a voltage source; a first switching circuit to which a voltage is supplied from the voltage source; a second switching circuit having one end connected to a ground; a third switching circuit having one end connected to the ground; a fourth switching circuit to which a voltage is supplied from the voltage source; a first blanking electrode connected to the first switching circuit and the second switching circuit; a second blanking electrode facing the first blanking electrode and connected to the third switching circuit and the fourth switching circuit; and a control circuit controlling the first switching circuit, the second switching circuit, the third switching circuit, and the fourth switching circuit.

Abstract: A slot coating die for applying a fluid composition on a substrate, comprising: an upstream die part having a lower edge; a downstream die part having a lower edge, the downstream die part facing the upstream die part and spaced apart from the upstream die part, and the lower edge of the upstream die part being vertically aligned with the lower edge of the downstream die part; a patterned shim plate between the upstream die part and the downstream die part, the patterned shim plate having a lower edge, wherein the lower edge comprises at least one cut-out; and a blank shim plate having a lower edge being devoid of cut-out, the blank shim plate being located between the downstream die part and the patterned shim plate; wherein at least one of the upstream die part and the downstream die part comprises at least one fluid inlet.

Abstract: A system for determining an absolute carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of ultrashort laser pulses includes a laser system for generating a laser beam including ultrashort optical pulses of a duration of less than 10 fs, an ultrabroadband quarter-wave plate configured to polarize the laser beam, and a gas jet emitting a continuous jet stream into the laser beam. The system includes focusing optics to adjust a focal spot of the laser beam to the gas jet, and a detector arrangement including a beam block and a microchannel plate (MCP) imaging detector, wherein the laser beam is directed to the detector arrangement. The method involves using angular streaking to determine the absolute CEP of both elliptically and linearly polarized light.

Abstract: Copy and scan printing may include scanning, by scanner disposed along a paper path between a paper delivery roller and a paper pickup roller, content of documents (302). Further, copy and scan printing may include determining whether the documents are to be copied (304), in response to a determination that the documents are to be copied, determining whether a page count of the documents to be copied is available (306), and generating copies of the documents (310).

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region. The first active region and the second active region are not fully projected in a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: The present invention provides a flexible reciprocating linear seedling separating device for a pot seedling transplanter, including a frame, a seedling cup opening and closing device, a linear transmission device, a seedling cup moving device, several seedling cups and a control system. A flexible linear transmission device is fixed on the frame, a seedling cup moving device is fixed on the flexible linear transmission device, and a seedling cup opening and closing device is fixed on the seedling cup moving device. Several seedling cups are fixed on the seedling cup moving device. The control system is respectively electrically connected with a motor of the linear transmission device and a cylinder of the seedling cup opening and closing device. The control system controls the motor to drive flexible linear transmission device to move seedling cup moving device, thereby driving the seedling cups to reach a designated position and receive the pot seedlings.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for, for data compression based on a key-value store. In one aspect, a method includes generating, at a server, a current dictionary based on a plurality of key-values stored in a storage system of the server; receiving a key-value pair transmitted by a client device; and performing, at the server, data compression on a key-value in the key-value pair by using the current dictionary; and storing the key-value in the storage system of the server.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the teachings herein include a method for controlling a robot with a tool carried along a path with preset positions and preset directions at a plurality of points. The method may include: at a plurality of points, controlling the robot according to a preset angle of each joint of a plurality of joints; obtaining an actual position and an actual direction of the tool at the points while the robot carries the tool along the path according to the preset angles; determining an actual movement parameter of the robot at a point based on the actual positions and the actual directions; determining an adjusted angle of each joint at each point based on the actual movement parameter so the positions and the directions are consistent with the preset positions and the preset directions at the plurality of points; and controlling the robot to move the tool along the path according to the adjusted angles.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to nanoparticles containing cellular membrane and uses thereof. The nanoparticle comprises an interior compartment (or an inner core) and an outer surface (or shell) comprising a cellular membrane derived from a cell, said interior compartment (or an inner core) not providing a solid support to said cellular membrane in said outer surface (or shell). The present disclosure also relates to processes of making the nanoparticles. The present disclosure further relates to compositions comprising the nanoparticles and methods of using the nanoparticles.

Abstract: A pressure sensor system is provided. In another aspect, a wireless intraocular pressure sensor includes a deformable or stretchable inductor. A further aspect of an intraocular pressure sensing system includes a deformable inductor sized to contact an eye. Another aspect provides an organ pressure sending system including a passive inductor with a wavy, serpentine or undulating shape.

Abstract: A method of parameter estimation for a multi-input multi-output system based on deep learning is executed. The method includes creating a connection between the base station and a user device entering a coverage of the base station, transmitting real-time channel information from the user device to the base station through the connection, optimizing a parameter for the user device based on the real-time channel information through a deep learning algorithm, transmitting the optimized parameter to the user device, and applying the optimized parameter in a signal detection for the multi-input multi-output system at the user device. The real-time channel information is a channel status of the user device upon the creation of the connection between the base station and the user device. Another method of parameter estimation for a multi-input multi-output system having a base station and a plurality of user devices is also disclosed.

Abstract: A dual-battery fuel cell system is provided, including two supplemental batteries, each battery supporting/supplementing operation of a fuel cell stack in the system. Driving conditions associated with a fuel cell vehicle can be obtained. Based on the driving conditions, power sources of the fuel cell vehicle to provide power to fuel cell vehicle system can be determined, the power sources comprising the fuel cell stack and the two supplemental batteries. Operating conditions of each of the power sources can be assessed, and one or more of the power sources can be controlled to deliver power to the fuel cell vehicle system based on the operating conditions of each of the power sources.

Abstract: A data processing circuit and a fault-mitigating method are provided. In the method, multiple sub-sequences are divided from sequence data. A first sub-sequence of the sub-sequences is accessed from a memory for a multiply-accumulate (MAC) operation to obtain a first computed result. The MAC operation is performed on a second sub-sequence of the sub-sequences in the memory to obtain a second computed result. The first and the second computed results are combined, where the combined result of the first and the second computed results is related to the result of the MAC operation on the sequence data directly. Accordingly, the error rate could be reduced, so as to mitigate fault.

Abstract: Implementations of the present disclosure provide coloring methods that sort and pre-color nodes of G0-linked networks in a multiple-patterning technology (MPT)-compliant layout design by coordinate. In one embodiment, a method includes identifying target networks in a circuit layout, each target network having two or more linked nodes representing circuit patterns, and each target network being presented in an imaginary X-Y coordinate plane, assigning a first feature to a first node in each target network, the first node is determined using a coordinate-based method, and assigning the first feature and a second feature to remaining nodes in each target network in an alternating manner so that any two immediately adjacent linked nodes in each target network have different features.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: a first multi-gate field effect transistor (FET) disposed over a substrate, the first multi-gate FET including a first active region; and a second multi-gate FET disposed over the first multi-gate FET, the second multi-gate FET including a second active region. The first active region and the second active region are not fully projected in a vertical direction perpendicular to the substrate.

Abstract: The invention provides a power supply module and a charged particle beam device that are capable of reducing ripple noise. A high-voltage generation circuit 101 includes booster circuits CPa and CPb of two systems that are configured to be symmetrical to each other, and performs a boosting operation by using a capacitive element and a diode in the booster circuits CPa and CPb of the two systems. The high-voltage generation circuit is housed in a housing and a reference power supply voltage is applied thereto. A left electrode 102a is fixedly provided in the vicinity of one of the booster circuits CPa and CPb of the two systems in the housing, and a right electrode 102b is fixedly provided in the vicinity of the other of the booster circuits CPa and CPb of the two systems in the housing.