Abstract: The present invention provides a low-lead copper alloy, comprising 0.05 to 0.3 wt % of lead (Pb), 0.3 to 0.8 wt % of aluminum (Al), 0.01 to 0.4 wt % of bismuth (Bi), 0.1 to 2 wt % of nickel (Ni), and more than 96.5 wt % of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), wherein copper is in an amount ranging from 58 to 70 wt %. The low-lead copper alloy of the present invention has excellent material properties as well as good toughness and processability, thereby increasing the alloy strength and corrosion resistance thereof.

Abstract: A method includes providing a substrate comprising a substrate material, a gate dielectric film above the substrate, and a first spacer adjacent the gate dielectric film. The spacer has a first portion in contact with a surface of the substrate and a second portion in contact with a side of the gate dielectric film. A recess is formed in a region of the substrate adjacent to the spacer. The recess is defined by a first sidewall of the substrate material. At least a portion of the first sidewall underlies at least a portion of the spacer. The substrate material beneath the first portion of the spacer is reflowed, so that a top portion of the first sidewall of the substrate material defining the recess is substantially aligned with a boundary between the gate dielectric film and the spacer. The recess is filled with a stressor material.

Abstract: The invention provides a data access method of a memory device. In one embodiment, the memory device comprises a plurality of memories. First, a plurality of commands sequentially received from a host is stored in a command queue. A target command is then retrieved from the command queue. A target memory accessed by the target command is then determined. Whether the target memory is in a busy state is then determined. When the target memory is not in a busy state, access operations requested by the target command are then performed. When the target memory is in a busy state, a substitute command is selected from a plurality of subsequent commands stored in the command queue and access operations requested by the substitute command are performed, wherein the sequence of the subsequent commands in the command queue is subsequent to the target command.

Abstract: The invention provides a data access method. First, a plurality of commands received from a host is stored in a command queue. A plurality of logical address ranges of the commands is then calculated. A plurality of write commands is then selected from the commands, wherein the logical address ranges of the write commands are overlapping with each other. Whether at least one read command having a receiving order that is in between the receiving orders of the write commands exists in the command queue is then determined. When the at least one read command does not exist, write data corresponding to the write commands are combined together to obtain combined write data according to the logical address ranges of the write commands. A combined write command and the combined write data are then sent to a memory to request that the memory executes the write commands.

Abstract: In a telephony communication system, a mobile device requests access to packet-based networks using network access requests that identify access point names associated with these networks. The mobile devices and gateways providing access to the networks support the use of virtual access point names within network access requests. These virtual access point names need not correspond to any existing networks. Rather, network access requests incorporating virtual access point names indicate actually requested access point names within other fields of the network access requests.

Abstract: A backlight module includes a back plate, a plurality of position limiting elements, a light guiding plate, and a light source. The position limiting elements are disposed on the back plate, and each of the position limiting elements includes a pillar and a cushion sheath covering the pillar. The light guiding plate is disposed on the back plate, and has a plurality of first position limiting portions. The first position limiting portions respectively contact the position limiting elements to position the light guiding plate on the back plate. The light source is disposed at a side of the light guiding plate.

Abstract: A method for managing a memory device having multiple channels and multiple ways includes: with regard to a logical page, finding a Flash memory chip for being written from a plurality of Flash memory chips according to a predetermined order of the Flash memory chips, and during finding the Flash memory chip, omitting any Flash memory chip that is busy or not suitable for writing; and writing data belonging to the logical page and a serial number for indicating a writing order into a corresponding physical page within a block of the Flash memory chip that is found. An associated memory device and a controller thereof are also provided, where the controller includes: a ROM arranged to store a program code; and a microprocessor arranged to execute the program code to control the access to the Flash memory chips.

Abstract: A cover-type containing structure for flexible enclosures mainly includes a front cover sheet, a rear cover sheet and a flexible enclosure. The front cover sheet includes a first joining edge and a cover piece, whereas the rear cover sheet includes a cover assembly corresponding to the cover piece. The flexible enclosure includes a second joining edge and by engaging the first joining edge with the second joining edge, the front cover sheet and the flexible enclosure are fixed. Besides, the containing structure further includes a holding portion. Under a contained state, the holding portion is used to contain smaller objects; whereas, in an unfolded state, in addition to that the flexible enclosure is used to contain larger objects, the holding portion can be used as well to contain smaller objects. The present invention can be also applied to combine with a clothing or other flexible enclosure.

Abstract: A dezincification-resistant copper alloy and a method for producing a product comprising the same are proposed by the present invention. The dezincification-resistant alloy of the present invention comprises 59.5 to 64 wt % of copper (Cu); 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of bismuth (Bi); 0.08 to 0.16 wt % of arsenic (As); 5 to 15 ppm of boron (B); 0.3 to 1.5 wt % of tin (Sn); 0.1 to 0.7 wt % of zirconium (Zr); less than 0.05 wt % of lead (Pb); and zinc (Zn) in balance. The dezincification-resistant copper alloy of the present invention has excellent casting properties, good toughness and machinability, and can be corrosion-resistant. Thus, the alloy can reduce dezincification on the surfaces thereof.

Abstract: A dezincification-resistant copper alloy is provided. The copper alloy comprises less than 0.3 wt % of lead (Pb), 0.02 to 0.15 wt % of antimony (Sb), 0.02 to 0.25 wt % of arsenic (As), 0.4 to 0.8 wt % of aluminum (Al), 1 to 20 ppm of boron (B), and more than 97 wt % of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn), wherein the copper is in an amount ranging from 58 to 70 wt %. The dezincification-resistant copper alloy of the present invention has excellent casting properties, good toughness and machinability, and can be corrosion-resistant, thereby reducing dezincification on the surfaces of the alloy.

Abstract: The present invention provides an optical element, which comprises: (a) a substrate, (b) a first surface on one side of the substrate wherein said first surface comprises a plurality of prism columnar structures with rounded peaks and the curvature radii of the rounded peaks are in the range from 3 ?m to 20 ?m, and (c) a second surface on the other side of the substrate wherein the second surface can be a plane surface or with concave-convex structures.

Abstract: Providing accounting services for a communication device includes receiving at a support node a context request to create a communication context for the communication device. An accounting request is sent to an accounting server, where the accounting request initiates accounting for the communication device. The support node waits for an accounting response from the accounting server, where the accounting response indicates that the accounting server is operational. The communication context is created for the communication device only if the accounting response is received from the accounting server.

Abstract: A hybrid optical film includes a first layer, a second layer, and a plurality of diffusion structures. The first layer has a light entering face and a first refractive index. The second layer has a second refractive index and is disposed on a face of the first layer opposite to the light entering face, wherein the second refractive index is lower than the first refractive index. The plurality of diffusion structures are disposed on the interface of the first layer and the second layer. The diffusion structure has a third refractive index, wherein the third refractive index is between the first refractive index and the second refractive index and is selectively equal to the first refractive index and the second refractive index.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods of screening an agent for an activity in an isolated organ, e.g., eye, from a teleost, e.g., zebrafish. Methods of isolating eyes from zebrafish are provided. Methods of screening an agent for an ocular activity in the isolated eye are provided. Methods of screening an agent for an ocular activity in a model of ocular disease or disorder are provided. Methods of screening an agent for an ocular activity in the isolated eye and for screening the agent for cell death and/or toxic activity in the eye or other organ or tissue are provided. The invention further provides high throughput methods of screening agents for an activity in isolated eyes of zebrafish in multi-well plates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to battery chargers. A first controller can be configured to set, when a first power supply is coupled to a first port, a current produced by a variable current source at a safe rate to charge a battery. An ammeter can be configured to measure, when the battery is coupled to a second port, the current flowing into the battery. The first controller can be configured to increase, after a passing of a quantifiable amount of time, the current produced by the variable current source by a quantifiable amount of current. The first controller can be configured to continue iteratively to increase, after the passing of the quantifiable amount of time, the current produced by the variable current source by the quantifiable amount of current until the safe rate is near or at a highest safe rate to charge the battery.

Abstract: An efficient chip stacking structure is described that includes a leadframe having two surfaces to each of which can be attached stacks of chips. A chip stack can be formed by placing a chip active surface on a back surface of another chip. Electrical connections between chips and leads on the leadframe are facilitated by bonding pads on chip active surfaces and by via that extend from the bonding pads through the chips to the back surfaces.

Abstract: An image sensing module includes a printed circuit board, an image sensor, and a color filter exchanging system. The image sensor positioned between the printed circuit board and the color filter exchanging system is assembled on the printed circuit board. The color filter exchanging system aligning with the image sensor fastens to the printed circuit board. The color filter exchanging system includes a stand, a driving module and a filter assembly. The stand fastening to the printed circuit board defines an opening revealing the image sensor. The driving module slides the filter assembly within the stand. The filter assembly includes a frame and a visible light bandpass filter and an infrared bandpass filter assembled to the frame. In different modes, the driving module drives the filter assembly so that the visible light bandpass filter or the infrared bandpass filter aligns with the image sensor by way of the opening.

Abstract: This invention discloses an electronic apparatus having multiple operating systems and a data modification method thereof. The method comprises: a first operating system is executed on the electronic apparatus; an input data is received under the first operating system; then, under the first operating system, the input data is set into a second operating system; and, when the second operating system is executed on the electronic apparatus, the second operating system operates according to the input data. With the method, the electronic apparatus having multiple operating systems can be used in a more flexible manner, and the data modifying or data synchronization can be more conveniently performed.

Abstract: A phase locked loop (PLL) includes a frequency detector and a type 1 PLL including a phase detector. The phase detector produces a phase error signal indicative of a difference in phase between a reference signal and a feedback signal, while the frequency detector produces a frequency error signal indicative of a difference in frequency between the reference signal and the feedback signal. Logic switches between the phase detector and the frequency detector based on the frequency error signal.

Abstract: A financial transaction system is provided. The financial transaction system includes a server and at least one automated teller machine (ATM). In response to a request from a user, the server issues a one-time password (OTP) to the user's mobile device. The ATM receives an OTP from the user and sends the received OTP to the server for verification, in order to perform a financial transaction operation.