Abstract: An embodiment method of building a battery state of health (SOH) estimation model includes applying, by an optimization server, an error of a model voltage, an error of a measured voltage, a capacity, or a resistance of a battery mounted in a vehicle as an objective function and performing error minimization processing to derive optimal parameters of the battery.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a main body having a storage room, a door configured to open or close the storage room, a sensing lever configured to contact the door while the door is closed, where the sensing lever is movable in one of a first direction and in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction, a sensor configured to sense a movement of the sensing lever in one of the first direction and the second direction, and a controller configured to open the door when the sensor senses the movement of the sensing lever in the first direction, and to maintain the door closed when the sensor senses the movement of the sensing lever in the second direction.

Abstract: An apparatus for calculating a degradation degree is provided and includes a battery and a measurer that senses the battery to generate behavior information. The apparatus further includes a calculator that divides the behavior information into a plurality of sections and calculates a behavior change quantity in each section and/or charging capacity in each section of the behavior information in each section. The calculator uses the behavior change quantity in each section and the charging capacity in each section to determine the degradation degrees of the battery in each section, and use the degradation degrees of the battery within each section to generate a final degradation degree of the battery.

Abstract: A refrigerator may include a main body having a storage room, a door configured to open or close the storage room, a sensing lever configured to contact the door while the door is closed, where the sensing lever is movable in one of a first direction and in a second direction that is opposite to the first direction, a sensor configured to sense a movement of the sensing lever in one of the first direction and the second direction, and a controller configured to open the door when the sensor senses the movement of the sensing lever in the first direction, and to maintain the door closed when the sensor senses the movement of the sensing lever in the second direction.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a control method thereof are provided. The refrigerator includes a carbonated water producing apparatus configured to produce carbonated water by supplying water and carbon dioxide gas to a carbonated water tank, a user interface configured to display information of carbonated water concentration, and a control unit configured to control the carbonated water producing apparatus to produce the carbonated water according to the information of carbonated water concentration, wherein the user interface displays a set concentration of the carbonated water and a present concentration of the carbonated water.

Abstract: An apparatus for calculating a degradation degree is provided and includes a battery and a measurer that senses the battery to generate behavior information. The apparatus further includes a calculator that divides the behavior information into a plurality of sections and calculates a behavior change quantity in each section and/or charging capacity in each section of the behavior information in each section. The calculator uses the behavior change quantity in each section and the charging capacity in each section to determine the degradation degrees of the battery in each section, and use the degradation degrees of the battery within each section to generate a final degradation degree of the battery.

Abstract: A steel sheet for enameling for eliminating surface defects such as fish scale defects and having excellent formability, and provides a steel sheet for enamel having no surface defects, including: more than 0 wt % and 0.005 wt % or less of C, 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of Mn, more than 0 wt % and 0.03 wt % or less of Si, 0.05 to 0.3 wt % of Cr, more than 0 wt % and 0.03 wt % or less of Al, 0.03 to 0.1 wt % of O, more than 0 wt % and 0.03 wt % or less of P, more than 0 wt % and 0.02 wt % or less of S, more than 0 wt % and 0.015 wt % or less of Cu, more than 0 wt % and 0.005 wt % or less of N, Fe in a remaining content, and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: A refrigerator and a control method thereof are provided. The refrigerator includes a carbonated water producing apparatus configured to produce carbonated water by supplying water and carbon dioxide gas to a carbonated water tank, a user interface configured to display information of carbonated water concentration, and a control unit configured to control the carbonated water producing apparatus to produce the carbonated water according to the information of carbonated water concentration, wherein the user interface displays a set concentration of the carbonated water and a present concentration of the carbonated water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polarizing plate, a method for producing the same, and an image display device comprising the same, and more specifically to a polarizing plate which is characterized by comprising: a) a polarizer, b) a hardening resin layer which is provided on at least one side of the polarizer and formed from a photocurable composition comprising: 4 to 95 parts by weight of (A) a photocurable acrylic polymer, 4 to 95 parts by weight of (B) a poly-functional acrylic monomer, and 1 to 20 parts by weight of (C) a photo-polymerization initiator, based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable composition, a method for manufacturing the same, and an image display device using the same. According to the present invention, a polarizing plate, which exhibits excellent polarizing properties and durability, has high surface hardness, and may be formed as a thin plate, may be provided.

Abstract: A steel sheet for enameling for eliminating surface defects such as fish scale defects and having excellent formability, and provides a steel sheet for enamel having no surface defects, including: more than 0 wt % and 0.005 wt % or less of C, 0.1 to 0.5 wt % of Mn, more than 0 wt % and 0.03 wt % or less of Si, 0.05 to 0.3 wt % of Cr, more than 0 wt % and 0.03 wt % or less of Al, 0.03 to 0.1 wt % of O, more than 0 wt % and 0.03 wt % or less of P, more than 0 wt % and 0.02 wt % or less of S, more than 0 wt % and 0.015 wt % or less of Cu, more than 0 wt % and 0.005 wt % or less of N, Fe in a remaining content, and other inevitable impurities.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminate that includes a pair of substrates; and one or more photochromic films and one or more infrared (IR) shield films that are provided between the pair of substrates, wherein the photochromic films or the infrared (IR) shield films that are in contact with a pair of substrates are adhered to the substrates by an adhesion film. The laminate according to the present invention has a high durable photochromic function having a UV shielding effect and an infrared (IR) shielding effect.

Abstract: A high adhesive acrylate monomer has a specific chemistry figure. This monomer may be easily prepared in a simplified way, and various linkers may be used between L-DOPA and an acrylate group attached to a tail of L-DOPA, so molecular weight and size of the entire material may be easily controlled. Also, various kinds of acrylate to be combined to a isocyanate compound used as a linker may be selected, so various molecules may be easily composed.

Abstract: A support structure with enhance vibrational response. In accordance with some embodiments, an apparatus includes a data storage medium and a magnetic head to write to or read from the medium. The head has a first side and a second side opposite the first side, the first side being closer to a center of the medium than the second side. An actuator is adapted to tilt the first side of the head closer to a surface of the medium than the second side of the head.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a polarizing plate, a method for producing the same, and an image display device comprising the same, and more specifically to a polarizing plate which is characterized by comprising: a) a polarizer, b) a hardening resin layer which is provided on at least one side of the polarizer and formed from a photocurable composition comprising: 4 to 95 parts by weight of (A) a photocurable acrylic polymer, 4 to 95 parts by weight of (B) a poly-functional acrylic monomer, and 1 to 20 parts by weight of (C) a photo-polymerization initiator, based on 100 parts by weight of the photocurable composition, a method for manufacturing the same, and an image display device using the same. According to the present invention, a polarizing plate, which exhibits excellent polarizing properties and durability, has high surface hardness, and may be formed as a thin plate, may be provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photochromic composition comprising multifunctional (meth)acrylate-based monomers having two or more functional groups, a photochromic dye and an aromatic vinyl compound, in which the content of the aromatic vinyl compound is more than 30% by weight and 70% by weight or less, a photochromic film produced by using the same, and a method for producing the photochromic film.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a laminate that includes a pair of substrates; and one or more photochromic films and one or more infrared (IR) shield films that are provided between the pair of substrates, wherein the photochromic films or the infrared (IR) shield films that are in contact with a pair of substrates are adhered to the substrates by an adhesion film. The laminate according to the present invention has a high durable photochromic function having a UV shielding effect and an infrared (IR) shielding effect.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photochromic film which is formed by curing a photochromic composition and includes a multifunctional (metha)acrylate-based monomer that has two or more functional groups, and a photochromic dye, a product including the same, and a method for producing the photochromic film.

Abstract: A head stack assembly (HAS) of a hard disk drive (HDD) includes a swing arm, a connection plate integral with a terminal end of the swing arm, a head slider including a magnetic head for reading/writing data from/onto a disk, and a suspension that is attached to the connection plate, supports the head slider, and has characteristics which minimize the degree to which the magnetic head will run off-track due to vibrations induced in the HDD. The suspension includes two connecting parts having upper surfaces at which the suspension is attached to the connection plate. In the HDD, the upper surface of the connecting part positioned closest to the center of the disk center lies in a plane beneath the plane in which the upper surface of the other connecting part lies.

Abstract: A head stack assembly (HSA) for a hard disk drive (HDD) comprises a swing arm rotatably coupled to a base member of the HDD, a connection plate coupled to an edge part of the swing arm, a head suspension component attached to the connection plate, and a head slider comprising a magnetic read/write head attached to an edge part of the head suspension component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a photochromic composition comprising multifunctional (meth)acrylate-based monomers having two or more functional groups, a photochromic dye and an aromatic vinyl compound, in which the content of the aromatic vinyl compound is more than 30% by weight and 70% by weight or less, a photochromic film produced by using the same, and a method for producing the photochromic film.