Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information for a first set of resources and a second set of resources for a grantless physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. The WTRU may determine data for transmission using the grantless PUSCH transmission. Based on the data, the WTRU may select resources from the first set or the second set for the grantless PUSCH transmission. Further, the WTRU may send the grantless PUSCH transmission including the data using the selected resources. In an example, the sending of the grantless PUSCH transmission may be part of a random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a two-step random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a random access channel (RACH) procedure. The random access procedure may depend upon a double contention pool setting, and the setting may address at least one of a data pool or a control pool.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for broadcast service negotiation and non-simultaneous transmit-receive (STR) channel blindness recovery are provided herein. Some methods performed by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), may comprise operating over a first link; operating over a second link; receiving a frame including a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting associated with the second link, the NAV setting indicating a time duration; and sending a transmission over the first link, wherein a duration of the transmission over the first link is shorter than or equal to the time duration indicated by the NAV setting. The frame including the NAV setting indicates that the time duration may not be extended or modified. The method may further comprise sending, by the WTRU, an indication that it the WTRU is capable of performing a multi-link restricted transmission. The WTRU may enter a sleep mode on the first link after sending the transmission over the first link.

Abstract: A hierarchical control method for an island power grid energy storage system for increasing new energy generation fluctuation is disclosed. The method includes implementing a rolling dispatch method based on an idea of model predictive control; comprehensively considering a response capability of the energy storage system to grid-wide economic dispatch instructions and life loss of energy storage lithium batteries, and constructing an objective function of an intraday control model of the energy storage system with economic optimization; and constructing, on a basis of satisfying the objective function of the intraday control model, a real-time control model of the energy storage system and solving the model, and determining charge and discharge plans of a lithium battery energy storage system and a supercapacitor energy storage system.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a test system and method for a biomass-based blended fuel. The system comprises a feeding device, a mixing tank, a light-sensing device, and a control device; the feeding device comprises at least two fuel bottles; the fuel bottle is connected to the mixing tank by means of an oil pipe; the correspondingly connected oil pipe of each fuel bottle is provided with a flow valve; the light-sensing device comprises a laser disposed above the mixing tank, a light-reflecting mechanism disposed at the bottom in the mixing tank, and a light-sensing mechanism disposed at one side of the light reflecting mechanism; the output end of the light-sensing mechanism is signaled with the input end of the control device; the input end of the laser and the input end of the flow valve is separately signaled with the output end of the control device.

Abstract: A method for positioning a vehicle, a vehicle and an electronic device are disclosed, which relate to a field of automatic driving and intelligent transportation. The method includes: obtaining a map related to a region, the region being a region where a positioning signal such as a GNSS signal is limited, such as a tunnel, the region including a plurality of positioning markers, and the map including positioning mark data corresponding to the plurality of positioning markers; capturing image data for the region when the vehicle travels through the region; and determining positioning information of the vehicle by matching the image data with the positioning mark data in the map based on an estimated posture of the vehicle. The map here may be a high-precision map.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for determining 224Ra in a sediment by using a pulse ionization chamber emanometer, which belongs to the technical field of analysis and measurement. A pulse ionization chamber emanometer (PIC), a new emanometer, is used. Based on the half-life characteristics of different radon isotopes, one can separate the 220Rn activity from the total counts by dual counting. The resulting 220Rn measurement then can be used to determine the 224Ra activity in sediment according to the principle of secular radioactive equilibrium.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used in multi-AP and multi-wireless transmit/receive unit joint transmissions. The apparatus may be configured to transmit a joint transmission request on a first medium, and receive a joint transmission response on the first medium. In response, the apparatus my perform a joint transmission negotiation on a second medium and transmit data on the second medium based on the joint transmission negotiation. The apparatus may be configured to perform coordinated sectorized or beamformed transmissions through access point (AP)/PCP negotiations. The apparatus may provide an indication of support for joint transmission and coordinated sectorized or beamformed transmissions. The method and apparatus may also implement multi-AP/WTRU request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) procedures. The apparatus may be configured to perform coordinated sectorized or beamforming grouping.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for protection of multi-user (MU) transmission are described herein. An apparatus includes a receiver, a transmitter and a processor. The receiver and the processor detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The processor and the transmitter generate and send a frame in response to the trigger frame and transmit channel availability information for a plurality of channels in response to the trigger frame. The receiver and the processor detect data in a resource unit (RU) of a downlink (DL) MU physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on one of the plurality of channels. The one of the plurality of channels is based on the transmitted channel availability information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for operating in multi-access point (AP) wireless networks are described herein. A method performed by an AP may include transmitting, using a set of resources, a multi-AP ready-to-send (RTS) frame to at least one other AP and a plurality of stations (STAs). The method may include transmitting another frame using a portion of the set of resources. The method may include receiving, using the portion of the set of resources, a clear-to-send (CTS) frame from at least one STA of the plurality of STAs in response to the another frame. The method may include transmitting, using the portion of the set of resources, a data frame to the at least one STA. The multi-AP RTS frame may include resource allocation information for the at least one other AP and the plurality of STAs.

Abstract: An access point (AP) that supports the IEEE 802.11ba protocol may transmit a frame including a physical layer (PHY) preamble to one or more stations (STAs) over a channel. The PHY preamble may include a plurality of repeated modulated legacy signal (L-SIG) fields to spoof a recipient of the frame and protect a wake up signal (WUS) to be subsequently transmitted by the AP. The AP may transmit the WUS to at least a first STA of the one or more STAs, wherein the at least the first STA is a IEEE 802.11ba compliant STA.

Abstract: A display panel, a display device and a manufacturing method thereof are provided. The display device includes a display panel laminated to the curved cover plate. A main display area, a first sub-area, and a second sub-area of the display panel each include multiple through holes penetrating through the display panel, and the through holes define pixel islands for display and bridges for signal transmission; the through holes are disposed around the pixel islands; a part of the bridge is located between the pixel island and the through hole, the other part is located between adjacent through holes.

Abstract: A system is provided for detecting the mass of oil in an inorganic mineral of shale. The system operates by performing an extraction test on a first shale sample by using chloroform to obtain a total content of shale oil in the shale; enriching kerogen from the second shale sample to obtain dry kerogen; and performing an extraction test on oven-dried kerogen by using chloroform to determine the mass of extracted kerogen. The system also operates by determining the mass of the oil in the organic matter of the shale sample and the mass of the oil in an inorganic mineral of the shale; establishing a model for predicting a ratio of the mass of the oil in the inorganic mineral of the shale to the mass of the oil in the organic matter; and using the prediction model to determine the mass of oil in an inorganic mineral.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided related to file application management. The method includes receiving, by a first terminal device, a first operation on a first file, wherein the first file is processed based on the first operation, displaying, by the first terminal device, a first floating icon of the first file, and applying, by the first terminal device, after receiving a second operation on the first floating icon, the first operation to the first file based on the second operation.

Abstract: A method performed by a station (STA) for operating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method includes communicating, in an operation mode, with devices in the WLAN including another STA and transmitting, to the another STA, one or more of a data frame or a management frame including a medium access control (MAC) header. The MAC header includes an operation mode field indicating a change in one or more parameters of the operation mode. The method includes transmitting or receiving, based on a determination that the indicated change in the one or more parameters of the operation mode has taken effect, a frame to or from the another STA in accordance with the indicated change in the one or more parameters of the operation mode.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A station includes a transceiver and a processor, which detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The trigger frame includes a user information field with an allocation of one or more random access resource units (RUs) and a common information field with information to set high efficiency (HE) SIGNAL-A (HE-SIG-A) fields in the UL MU transmission. The transceiver and the processor generate an HE trigger-based (TB) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) and set an HE-SIG-A field in the HE TB PPDU using the information in the trigger frame. The transceiver and the processor select one of the one or more random access RUs and transmit the HE TB PPDU, using the selected one of the one or more random access RUs, a short inter-frame space after the trigger frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present application disclose a positioning method and apparatus, an autonomous driving vehicle, an electronic device and a storage medium, relating to the field of autonomous driving technologies, comprising: collecting first pose information measured by an inertial measurement unit within a preset time period, and collecting second pose information measured by a wheel tachometer within the time period; generating positioning information according to the first pose information, the second pose information and the adjacent frame images; controlling driving of the autonomous driving vehicle according to the positioning information. The positioning information is estimated by combining the first pose information and the second pose information corresponding to the inertial measurement unit and the wheel tachometer respectively. Compared with the camera, the inertial measurement unit and the wheel tachometer are not prone to be interfered by the external environment.

Abstract: A station may receive a frame transmitted to a plurality of stations (STAs). The frame may indicate a first frequency resource allocated for the STA and a second frequency resource allocated for another STA of the plurality of STAs. The STA may transmit a data frame using the first frequency resource and receive an acknowledgement frame that acknowledges receipt of the data frame. The STA may receive a multiple user request to send (MU RTS) frame transmitted to the plurality of STAs and may subsequently transmit a clear to send (CTS) frame in response to receipt of the MU RTS frame. The RTS/CTS transmissions may occur prior to transmission of the data frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for rediscovery and medium access for wake-up radios. For example, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, via a first transceiver, a frame that includes a wake-up radio (WUR) operation element having a first counter value. The WTRU may deactivate the first transceiver and activate a second transceiver, wherein the first transceiver enters into a doze state and the second transceiver is in an awake state. The WTRU may then receive, via the second transceiver in the awake state, a WUR frame that includes a second counter value indicating an update of a plurality of basic sewer set (BSS) parameters associated with the first transceiver. On a condition that the second counter value is different than the first counter value, the WTRU may activate the first transceiver to update the plurality of BSS parameters, wherein the first transceiver enters into an awake state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple-access point (multi-AP) sounding procedures in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A coordinating AP (CAP) may receive, from one or more member APs in a multi-AP set (MAPS), one or more indications indicating that the one or more member APs are capable of multi-AP sounding during a transmission opportunity (TXOP). The CAP may transmit a CAP TXOP indication (CTI) frame indicating that the multi-AP sounding is to be performed during a TXOP acquired by the CAP. The CAP may receive a CAP TXOP request (CTR) frame indicating that the one or more member APs of the MAP are willing to perform multi-AP sounding during the TXOP. The CAP may transmit a CAP TXOP AP schedule (CTAS) frame indicating a transmission schedule for one or more sounding frames to be transmitted by the one or more member APs during the TXOP.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, an access point (AP) may receive, from a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), a first CF-End frame that includes a duration field and a basic service set identifier (BSSID) field that includes an individual/group bit. On a condition that the individual/group bit of the BSSID field has a value of one (1), the AP may determine that a scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame indicates a bandwidth associated with a transmit opportunity (TXOP) being truncated by the WTRU. The AP may then transmit a second CF-End frame at the bandwidth indicated by the scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame.