Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for performing for multi-user (MU) transmission. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive a frame, decode the received frame and determine whether the received frame is a null data packet (NDP) multi-user (MU) media access control (MAC) physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) (NDP MU MAC PPDU) based on meeting an NDP condition. The NDP MU MAC PPDU may correspond to an MU transmission and may include a PLCP header which includes an NDP signal (SIG) field having MU control information. Based on the received frame meeting the NDP condition, the WTRU may be further configured to process the NDP SIG field, generate a response based on the NDP SIG field and the MU control information, and transmit the response.

Abstract: A method performed by a station (STA) in an 802.11 wireless local area network. The STA receives, from an access point (AP), a reduced neighbor report. The Reduced Neighbor Report includes a Neighbor AP Information field, that includes information regarding a target beacon transmission time (TBTT) of an enhanced broadcast services (EBCS) Info frame transmission by a neighbor AP. The STA receives the EBCS Info frame from the neighbor AP based on the receiving reduced neighbor report. The neighbor AP information field may include an indication that the neighbor AP information field contains at least one EBCS Info Frame Tx Countdown subfield. The STA may receive an EBCS traffic stream from the neighbor AP based on the received EBCS Info frame.

Abstract: An antibody against human TIGIT or an antigen-binding fragment thereof has strong binding ability to hTIGIT is disclosed. It can induce B-hTIGIT transgenic mice T cells, jurkat cells and human PBMC cells to secrete cytokines, has a significant ADCC effect and CDC effect, can significantly reduce the tumor volume/weight in tumor bearing mice implanted with a colon cancer cell line CT26 and tumor bearing mice implanted with a breast cancer cell line 4T1 without affecting the body weights of the mice, that is, without side effects, and prolong the survival time of mice, and has good pharmacokinetic properties, and can be used for detecting the expression level of hTIGIT and treating tumors.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting a first negotiation message to an AP and receiving a second negotiation message from the AP. The first negotiation message and the second negotiation message may negotiate a block acknowledgement agreement between the STA and the AP. The method may further comprise receiving a data unit, from the AP, the data unit having a duration field indicating a duration of a block-ACK frame. The duration of the block-ACK frame may be determined based on the negotiated block ACK agreement. A block-ACK frame may be transmitted within the duration indicated by the duration field.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple access schemes for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with full-duplex radios. For example, an access point (AP), in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) from a first station (STA), may transmit a full-duplex clear to send (FD CTS) to the first STA and a full-duplex request to send (FD RTS) to a second STA. In response to transmitting the FD RTS to the second STA, the AP may receive a clear to send (CTS) from the second STA. The AP may transmit, to both the first STA and the second STA, a FD trigger frame that includes scheduling information to enables FD communication with the first STA for uplink (UL) data and the second STA for downlink (DL) data at a same time. The scheduling information may include timing information and channel information for the FD communication.

Abstract: Exemplary embodiments disclosed herein provide procedures for power efficient and rapid access point (AP) discovery using wake up radios. Additional embodiments provide procedures for securely waking up stations (STAs) using wake up radios (WURs). Methods are further described herein for coverage range detection and STA roaming for wake up radios. Further embodiments relate to procedures for coexistence for wake up radios and primary connectivity radios.

Abstract: Methods for transmitting and receiving enhanced broadcast transmissions are provided herein. A method performed by a receiving station (STA) may include receiving, from a transmitting STA, a frame including a broadcast service element The broadcast service element includes one or more fields associated with enhanced broadcast service (eBCS) traffic streams that may be provided by the STA. At least one of the fields comprises an identifier associated with eBCS traffic streams, a field indicating whether negotiation with the transmitting STA is required to receive data of the eBCS traffic streams, and scheduling information for receiving a broadcast transmission including the data of the eBCS traffic streams. The method includes receiving, based on the scheduling information, the broadcast transmission including the identifier associated with the eBCS traffic streams and data of the eBCS traffic streams.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting a first negotiation message to an AP and receiving a second negotiation message from the AP. The first negotiation message and the second negotiation message may negotiate a block acknowledgement agreement. The method may further comprise receiving a data unit, from the AP, the data unit having a duration field indicating a duration of a block-ACK frame. The duration of the block-ACK frame may be determined based on the negotiated block ACK agreement. A block-ACK frame may be transmitted within the duration indicated by the duration field.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for coexistence of signaling of different 802.11 protocols are provided herein. A station (STA) or access point (AP) may transmit a protocol data unit (PDU) of a first 802.11 protocol and a PDU of a second 802.11 protocol. The transmission of the PDU of the first 802.11 protocol and the transmission of the PDU of the second 802.11 protocol may be at least quasi-orthogonal.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for enhancing random access procedures are described herein. A method performed by a station (STA) may include receiving, from an access point (AP), a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) in one of an upper frequency band or a lower frequency band. The PPDU may include a trigger frame. The trigger frame may include information indicating an allocation of a plurality of random access (RA) resource units (RA-RUs). Each of the RA-RUs may be associated with one of the upper frequency band or the lower frequency band. The method may include selecting one of the plurality of allocated RA-RUs and transmitting, to the AP, a message using the selected RA-RU.

Abstract: A method performed by a station (STA) for operating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method includes communicating, in an operation mode, with devices in the WLAN including another STA and transmitting, to the another STA, one or more of a data frame or a management frame including a medium access control (MAC) header. The MAC header includes an operation mode field indicating a change in one or more parameters of the operation mode. The method includes transmitting or receiving, based on a determination that the indicated change in the one or more parameters of the operation mode has taken effect, a frame to or from the another STA in accordance with the indicated change in the one or more parameters of the operation mode.

Abstract: A STA may comprise a receiver configured to receive, from an AP, a first polling frame addressed to a broadcast address and sent to a plurality of STAs. The first polling frame may indicate a plurality of sub-channels. The STA may further comprise a transmitter configured to transmit, to the AP, a first PPDU indicating SNR information, on one or more sub-channels of the plurality of sub-channels, a SIFS after the first polling frame is received. The transmitter may be configured to transmit the first PPDU while a second PPDU is transmitted to the AP by another STA of the plurality of STAs, wherein the second PPDU is transmitted on one or more other sub-channels of the plurality of sub-channels.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for communication in a network of WLAN overlapping basic service set (OBSS) are disclosed. A station or an access point may indicate its interference reporting and inter-BSS coordination capabilities in a message. At least one of quality of service (QoS) settings, transmission opportunity (TXOP), restricted access window (RAW) or beacon subinterval schedules, or traffic indication map (TIM) or uplink access window assignment may be coordinated. The station may receive a request for interference measurements on the basic service set (BSS) of the station or neighboring BSSs that the station can overhear. The station may transmit an interference measurement report to an access point. The coordination may be performed based on the interference measurement report. Furthermore, STAs may transmit channel or sector preferences to APs and receive channel or sector assignments.

Abstract: A separator for a lithium-sulfur battery, a method for preparing the same and a lithium-sulfur battery containing the same are provided. The separator includes a polymeric substrate film and a composite layer on one surface of the polymeric substrate film. The composite layer has a SCM molecular sieve and a conductive carbon material. The SCM molecular sieve is selected from SCM-14 and SCM-15. The SCM molecular sieve further contains cobalt. The separator in accordance can effectively suppress the shuttle of polysulfides in lithium-sulfur batteries, and thereby reduce side reactions within the batteries, lower the self-discharge rate of lithium-sulfur batteries, and improve the cycling performances, rate performances, and storage life of the batteries.

Abstract: A method performed by a multi-multi-link device (MMLD) architecture comprising a plurality of access points (APs) may comprise transmitting a frame, by an AP of the MMLD, wherein the frame may include a multi-multi-link device (MMLD) frame element which indicates that the AP is part of a multi-link device (MLD) that is a MMLD. The frame may comprise a beacon, short beacon, probe response, fast initial link setup (FILS) discovery frame, association response frame, or the like, or any appropriate combination thereof. The MMLD element may comprise one or more of an element identifier, length, MMLD identifier, MMLD media access control (MAC) address, partial reporting field, number of reported MLDs field and/or an MLD info field. The MLD may communicate with other MLDs of the multiple MLDs during a transmit wake time (TWT) service period (SP). The MLD may be in a doze state during non-TWT SPs.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and instrumentalities are disclosed for concurrent link setup and downlink data retrieval, e.g., for high efficiency WLAN. An access point (AP) may send a trigger element that allocates a resource for pre-association transmissions with the AP. The trigger element may allocate the resource for random access and/or deterministic access. The AP may receive, from an unassociated STA, a first frame via one or more resource units (RUs) allocated in the trigger element. The AP may determine a pre-association identifier (PID) that identifies the unassociated STA. The AP may send the PID to the unassociated STA, for example, in the trigger element or in the multi-STA ACK. The AP may send a second frame associated with a multi-user (MU) transmission that includes the PID. The AP may send a trigger frame that includes the PID.

Abstract: A station (STA) may receive a first wireless signal including a preamble of a packet from a first access point (AP). An energy level of the signal received may exceed a clear channel assessment (CCA) threshold. The STA may issue a primitive to stop reception of the packet. Further, the STA may return to a receive state based on the primitive. Additionally, the STA may determine, using a carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) protocol, to ignore a payload portion of the packet based on information contained in the preamble and adjust the CCA threshold to account for the payload portion of the packet. The STA may then access a wireless medium using the CSMA protocol during the payload portion of the packet using the adjusted CCA threshold. Using the adjusted CCA threshold, the STA may receive a second wireless signal from a second AP.

Abstract: A federated learning (FL) and/or a distributed machine learning (ML) model sharing process may be implemented in a wireless network. An access point (AP), station (STA), or the like may provide a FL announcement message indicating that a FL or ML process is in being utilized. A STA receiving the announcement message may provide a FL/ML support frame indicating its participation in FL model sharing. The STA may comprise a local FL model executable on the STA. The STA may update its local FL model based on information in the FL announcement message. The STA may update its local FL model based on information received from other STAs in the network. The FL announcement message may comprise a schedule, and the STA may be configured to train its local FL model in accordance with the schedule. The sharing model process may be implemented in a wireless local area network.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are apparatus and methods for enhancing broadcast services in wireless local area networks (WLAN). Embodiments provide systems, apparatus and methods that ensure a mobile transceiver (STA) receiving a broadcast stream, receives the stream in a continuous and seamless manner as the STA moves from an area covered by a first AP into an area covered by a second AP. Further embodiments provide systems, apparatus and methods by which an Access Point acquires channel sounding information from one or more sensor devices comprising transceiver stations (STA) to provide enhanced broadcast channel condition services to STA operating within the AP coverage area.

Abstract: An access point (AP) that supports the IEEE 802.11ba protocol may transmit a frame including a physical layer (PHY) preamble to one or more stations (STAs) over a channel. The PHY preamble may include a plurality of repeated modulated legacy signal (L-SIG) fields to spoof a recipient of the frame and protect a wake up signal (WUS) to be subsequently transmitted by the AP. The AP may transmit the WUS to at least a first STA of the one or more STAs, wherein the at least the first STA is a IEEE 802.11ba compliant STA.