Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for beamforming (BF) training are disclosed. In some examples, a receiver is configured to receive sector sweep (SSW) training frames from an initiator device that each indicate an antenna sector of the initiator device. A transmitter is configured to transmit sector sweep (SSW) training frames to the initiator device that indicate a best received antenna sector of the initiator device. The receiver receives a sector sweep feedback (SSW FB) frame from the initiator device, and the transmitter transmits transmit a sector sweep acknowledgement (SSW ACK) frame to the initiator device that indicates an antenna sector of the initiator device that is different from the antenna sector indicated by the SSW FB frame, if the SSW FB frame was best received by an antenna not corresponding to the best received antenna sector of the initiator device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for rediscovery and medium access for wake-up radios. For example, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, via a first transceiver, a frame that includes a wake-up radio (WUR) operation element having a first counter value. The WTRU may deactivate the first transceiver and activate a second transceiver, wherein the first transceiver enters into a doze state and the second transceiver is in an awake state. The WTRU may then receive, via the second transceiver in the awake state, a WUR frame that includes a second counter value indicating an update of a plurality of basic server set (BSS) parameters associated with the first transceiver. On a condition that the second counter value is different than the first counter value, the WTRU may activate the first transceiver to update the plurality of BSS parameters, wherein the first transceiver enters into an awake state.

Abstract: Device, systems, and/or techniques for using sub-channel signaling information between an access point and a first station are disclosed. An uplink trigger sent from the access point to the first station may be received. A map may be transmitted from the first station indicating at least one sub-channel that is available for spatial sharing by a second station. The first station may receive an acknowledgement from the access point that data was transmitted from the second station on the at least one sub-channel and/or received by the at least one access point. An OFDMA transmission having a sub-channel/sub-band available for transmitting data may be determined. An energy in the sub-channel/sub-band may be measured and/or compared to a dynamic and/or static threshold. Whether a sub-channel/sub-band is free or busy may be determined for example based on if the measured energy is, or is not, greater than the threshold.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The method comprises: receiving LRRE information from an AP; determining whether a first condition is satisfied by the WTRU, wherein the first condition is satisfied by the WTRU, on a condition that the first condition is satisfied, sending a mode change request to the AP to change an operation mode to a LRRE HARQ mode; receiving a response regarding the mode change request from the AP; and communicating with the AP using a plurality of PPDUs, each of the PPDUs comprising at least one field enabling transmissions between the WTRU and the AP under the first condition and a LRRE HARQ mode indication.

Abstract: An enhanced sector level sweep procedure is provided herein. A method may include transmitting a plurality of beacon frames in a corresponding plurality of transmit sectors, wherein the plurality of beacon frames are transmitted within a beacon interval. The method may include receiving, from a second communication device, a first transmission including information indicating a first ranking. The first ranking is based on a characteristic of at least a first subset of the transmit sectors. The first transmission is received in a sector corresponding to one of the first subset of transmit sectors. The method may include receiving, from a third communication device, a second transmission including information indicating a second ranking. The second ranking is based on a characteristic of at least a second subset of the transmit sectors. The second transmission is received in a sector corresponding to one of the second subset of transmit sectors.

Abstract: Provided are a SiC/ZrC composite fiber, a preparation method and use thereof. The SiC/ZrC composite fiber has a diameter of 10 to 70 ?m. The method includes mixing liquid polycarbosilane with a zirconium-containing polymer to obtain a hybrid spinning solution, and then performing electrospinning to obtain a SiC/ZrC composite fiber precursor, crosslinking and thermally treating the SiC/ZrC composite fiber precursor in a protective atmosphere to obtain the SiC/ZrC composite fiber. The SiC/ZrC composite fiber is continuous and uniform, has an adjustable diameter, and thus has outstanding tensile strength and breaking strength and excellent high-temperature resistance. Without use of any organic solvent or spinning agent, the method achieves short process flow and high yield, indicating wide application prospects.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple AP coordination in wireless local area networks (WLANs). For example, a station (STA) may receive, from a first access points (APs), a probe response frame that includes one or more indicators indicating multiple AP operation capabilities of the first AP and a second AP. The STA may transmit, to at least one of the first AP or the second AP, a multiple AP association request frame that enables the first AP to be associated with the second AP for a multiple AP operation. The STA may receive, from the first AP, a first multiple AP association response frame indicating acceptance or rejection of the multiple AP operation with the first AP. The STA may receive, from the second AP, a second multiple AP association response frame indicating acceptance or rejection of the multiple AP operation with the second AP.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, an access point (AP) may receive, from a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), a first CF-End frame that includes a duration field and a basic service set identifier (BSSID) field that includes an individual/group bit. On a condition that the individual/group bit of the BSSID field has a value of one (1), the AP may determine that a scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame indicates a bandwidth associated with a transmit opportunity (TXOP) being truncated by the WTRU. The AP may then transmit a second CF-End frame at the bandwidth indicated by the scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame.

Abstract: A method, apparatus, and system for beamforming training using a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU). A WTRU may receive an indication of a number of space time slots (STSs) from an access point (AP) within a beacon frame during a beamforming training allocation. The WTRU may send a response signal to the AP in a specific STS based on a function of the number of STSs. The WTRU may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) from the AP confirming the response was received. Alternatively, the AP may send a signal indicating that a collision occurred and alter the number of STSs, and the WTRU may try again in the next beamforming training allocation.

Abstract: A method of multi-access point (multi-AP) communication performed by a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) comprises: receiving (1510) a first trigger frame from a first access point (AP) of a plurality of APs, the first trigger frame comprising first information; receiving (1520) a second trigger frame from a second AP of the plurality of APs at a predetermined time duration after receiving the first trigger frame, the second trigger frame also comprising the first information of the first trigger frame; generating (1530) a synchronization frame based on the first trigger frame and the second trigger frame, the synchronization frame comprising synchronization information; transmitting the synchronization frame to at least the first AP and the second AP; and receiving (1540) a data transmission based on the synchronization information from each of the first AP and the second AP.

Abstract: A station may receive a frame transmitted to a plurality of STAs. The frame may indicate a first frequency resource allocated for the STA and a second frequency resource allocated for another STA of the plurality of STAs. The STA may transmit a data frame using the first frequency resource and receive an acknowledgement frame that acknowledges receipt of the data frame. The STA may receive a MU RTS frame transmitted to the plurality of STAs and may subsequently transmit a CTS frame in response to receipt of the MU RTS frame. The RTS/CTS transmissions may occur prior to transmission of the data frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A station includes a transceiver and a processor, which receive a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) transmission. The trigger frame includes an indication of resource units (RUs) for random access in an upcoming UL high efficiency trigger based packet data convergence protocol data unit and an indication that the trigger frame is a poll for a buffer status report of the STA. The processor and the transceiver transmit a buffer status of the STA using a selected one of the indicated RUs.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise receiving a frame, from a first AP including an indication of a configuration change counter (CCC) associated with a second AP. The CCC may be an unsigned integer that increments when an update to one or more AP parameters of the second AP has occurred. The method may further comprise establishing a first wireless link with the first AP and establishing a master key via at least the first wireless link.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple access schemes for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with full-duplex radios. For example, an access point (AP), in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) from a first station (STA), may transmit a full-duplex clear to send (FD CTS) to the first STA and a full-duplex request to send (FD RTS) to a second STA. In response to transmitting the FD RTS to the second STA, the AP may receive a clear to send (CTS) from the second STA. The AP may transmit, to both the first STA and the second STA, a FD trigger frame that includes scheduling information to enables FD communication with the first STA for uplink (UL) data and the second STA for downlink (DL) data at a same time. The scheduling information may include timing information and channel information for the FD communication.

Abstract: An AP/PCP may perform user selection/pairing/grouping based on a measurement of an analog transmission (e.g., signal to noise ratio (SNR) or signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR)). The SNRs may be used, for example by the station, to determine best beams and/or beam pairs and/or worst beams and/or beam pairs. A station may feed back the best few beams and/or beam pairs for a Tx and Rx virtual antenna pair. A station may feed back the worst few beams for the Tx and Rx virtual antenna pair. The AP/PCP may receive the indication(s) and/or use the indication(s) to group the stations.

Abstract: Procedures and mechanisms for narrowband multi-channel transmission for wakeup radio (WUR) operation are disclosed. A station (STA) operating in WUR mode may have its a primary connectivity radio (PCR) turned off and its WUR turned and operating according to previously negotiated WUR operating parameters. The STA may monitor, for WUR beacons and frames over a first WUR channel, and determine that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission based on no beacons being received within a first duration. The STA may turn off the WUR, and turn on the PCR to send a first short WUR frame including a wakeup reason, and receive a second short WUR frame with a WUR channel assignment. The STA may turn off the PCR, turn on the WUR, and monitor for WUR signals on a second WUR channel according to the WUR channel assignment and the previously negotiated WUR operating parameters.

Abstract: A method for receiving a backoff value at a wireless station is presented. A traffic indication map is received at the station, wherein a backoff number is implicitly assigned to the station based on a position of the station within the traffic indication map. The backoff value is determined by multiplying the backoff number by a predetermined time value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) channel access are provided herein. A method performed by a station may include receiving, from an access point (AP), a frame including information indicating a broadcast address. The frame may further include a control trailer including information indicating that a multi-user multiple input-multiple output (MU-MIMO) frame is to be transmitted by the AP and information indicative of a designation of a plurality of STAs, the plurality of STAs including the STA. The frame may solicit response frames from at least the designated plurality of STAs. The method may further include transmitting a response frame to the indicated broadcast address and receiving the MU-MIMO frame from the AP.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are related to multi-user parallel channel access (MU-PCA). For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided that is one of the plurality of WTRUs operable to simultaneously communicate via a plurality of channels managed by an access point (AP). The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels, a group poll (G-Poll) message that includes a resource allocation that indicates at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels for the WTRU; and a transmitter configured to transmit an uplink request message, to the AP in response to the G-Poll message, over the at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels, the uplink request message corresponding to uplink data the WTRU has for transmission to the AP.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information for a first set of resources and a second set of resources for a grantless physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. The WTRU may determine data for transmission using the grantless PUSCH transmission. Based on the data, the WTRU may select resources from the first set or the second set for the grantless PUSCH transmission. Further, the WTRU may send the grantless PUSCH transmission including the data using the selected resources. In an example, the sending of the grantless PUSCH transmission may be part of a random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a two-step random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a random access channel (RACH) procedure. The random access procedure may depend upon a double contention pool setting, and the setting may address at least one of a data pool or a control pool.