Abstract: A station (STA) that is associated with a first access point (AP), that is a member of a multi-AP set receives a trigger frame from a second AP that is also a member of the multi-AP set. The STA is not associated with the second AP. The trigger frame includes an association identifier (AID) relating to the association between the STA and the first AP, and an AP identifier (APID) of the first AP. The STA transmits a feedback message, to the second AP, including information indicative of a channel quality of a communication channel between the STA and the second AP. Various formats for a trigger frame to solicit feedback from an OBSS STA, are disclosed.

Abstract: In a path determining method, a first device obtains a path health degree of a forwarding path from a source network element to a destination network element, where the path health degree is based on network element health degrees of network elements and link health degrees of links in the forwarding path, the network element health degree is based on a network element fault type and a network element fault occurrence frequency within a first monitoring periodicity, and the link health degree is based on a link fault type and a link fault occurrence frequency within a second monitoring periodicity; and determines a target forwarding path based on constraint information and the path health degree, where the constraint information includes health degree constraint information, and the health degree constraint information indicates a condition that a path health degree of the target forwarding path is to meet.

Abstract: A hypothesis stitcher for speech recognition of long-form audio provides superior performance, such as higher accuracy and reduced computational cost. An example disclosed operation includes: segmenting the audio stream into a plurality of audio segments; identifying a plurality of speakers within each of the plurality of audio segments; performing automatic speech recognition (ASR) on each of the plurality of audio segments to generate a plurality of short-segment hypotheses; merging at least a portion of the short-segment hypotheses into a first merged hypothesis set; inserting stitching symbols into the first merged hypothesis set, the stitching symbols including a window change (WC) symbol; and consolidating, with a network-based hypothesis stitcher, the first merged hypothesis set into a first consolidated hypothesis.

Abstract: Calls run through a virtual desktop infrastructure server are enhanced by testing communication network conditions and selecting, based on the test results, a media channel from a set of supported media channels, including a media channel that is routed through the virtual desktop infrastructure server and encapsulated in a protocol for exchanging data for virtual desktop applications and a more direct media channel that uses a network socket pair between a media server and a personal computing device and bypasses the virtual desktop infrastructure server. In some implementations, call data of multiple types and/or from multiple sources are merged into a single virtual channel of the protocol for exchanging data for virtual desktop applications.

Abstract: A method performed by STA may comprise receiving, from a first AP, a first beacon frame comprising a first relay information element including a first field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element, determining that a first root AP BSSID field is included in the first relay information element and determining that the first AP is a relay AP of a root AP identified by the first root AP BSSID field. The method may further comprise receiving, from a second AP, a second beacon frame comprising a second relay information element including a second field that indicates whether a root AP BSSID is included in the second relay information element and determining that a root AP BSSID field is not included in the second information element and determining that the second AP is a root AP.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for feedback based midamble adaptation. For example, a first station (STA) may transmit, to a second STA, a request frame that includes an indicator indicating a request for midamble information. The first STA may receive, from the second STA, a response frame that includes the midamble information determined by the second STA based on one or more channel measurements associated with the second STA. The midamble information may include a midamble report, a Doppler measurement report, or the like. The midamble report or the Doppler measurement report may include at least one of a midamble periodicity, a mobility/Doppler level, or the like. Based on the midamble information, the first STA may generate a physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) that includes at least one midamble within a data portion of the PPDU.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for network discovery. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may transmit, to a first access point (AP), via a Primary Connectivity Radio (PCR), a request indicating that on a condition that the WTRU is disassociated from the first AP, the WTRU will enter a wake-up radio (WUR) only discovery mode. The WTRU may receive, from the first AP, via the PCR, a management frame that has WUR discovery elements including an indication of at least one channel used by a second AP. The WTRU may perform disassociation from the first AP. The WTRU may activate a WUR and deactivate the PCR. On a condition that the WTRU is disassociated from the first AP, the WTRU may receive, from the second AP, via the WUR, a WUR frame over the at least one channel to enable the WTRU to activate the PCR to initiate association.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an image scaling method and an apparatus thereof. The method includes: for at least one interpolation pixel in a source image, grouping at least two adjacent pixels of the interpolation pixel to obtain adjacent pixel sets; no intersection existing between the adjacent pixel sets; determining, based on position relationships between the interpolation pixel and regions formed by the adjacent pixel sets, virtual interpolation pixels corresponding to the interpolation pixel in the regions formed by the adjacent pixel sets respectively; calculating corresponding pixel sampling values of the virtual interpolation pixels in the source image according to a preset bilinear interpolation algorithm respectively; and generating theoretical pixel values corresponding to the interpolation pixel based on the pixel sampling values corresponding to the virtual interpolation pixels; the theoretical pixel values being configured to perform image scaling on the source image.

Abstract: A communication device is provided herein. The communication device may include a processor and the transceiver configured to monitor for one or more frames in a plurality of beamforming sectors during a time interval. The processor and the transceiver may be configured to receive at least one frame in at least one the plurality of beamforming sectors during the time interval. The processor and the transceiver may be configured to transmit a response frame using beamforming parameters based on one of the plurality of beamforming sectors in which the at least one frame is received, wherein the response frame is transmitted using a subsequent time interval associated with the one of the plurality of beamforming sectors. The processor and the transceiver may be configured to operate in an unlicensed frequency band.

Abstract: Methods, apparatuses and systems for using at least one sub-channel of a physical channel for uplink communication, the physical channel including a set of resources within first and second channel boundaries such that the physical channel includes a plurality of sub-channels, each sub-channel comprising a subset of the resources of the physical channel and having at least one sub-channel boundary which is not coincident with the first or the second channel boundaries, are provided. One representative apparatus includes a Station (STA) including: a processor, and a transmit/receive unit configured to: transmit, via an uplink, control information including a sub-channel SIG field indicating an identity of the STA, receive a trigger frame indicating one or more sub-channels available form among a plurality of sub-channels, determine which of the one or more sub-channels to acquire, and transmit data, via the uplink, using the one or more acquired sub-channels.

Abstract: A method for use in a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU). The method comprises: receiving LRRE information from an AP; determining whether a first condition is satisfied by the WTRU, wherein the first condition is satisfied by the WTRU, on a condition that the first condition is satisfied, sending a mode change request to the AP to change an operation mode to a LRRE HARQ mode; receiving a response regarding the mode change request from the AP; and communicating with the AP using a plurality of PPDUs, each of the PPDUs comprising at least one field enabling transmissions between the WTRU and the AP under the first condition and a LRRE HARQ mode indication.

Abstract: The disclosure herein describes using a transcript generation model for generating a transcript from a multi-speaker audio stream. Audio data including overlapping speech of a plurality of speakers is obtained and a set of frame embeddings are generated from audio data frames of the obtained audio data using an audio data encoder. A set of words and channel change (CC) symbols are generated from the set of frame embeddings using a transcript generation model. The CC symbols are included between pairs of adjacent words that are spoken by different people at the same time. The set of words and CC symbols are transformed into a plurality of transcript lines, wherein words of the set of words are sorted into transcript lines based on the CC symbols, and a multi-speaker transcript is generated based on the plurality of transcript lines. The inclusion of CC symbols by the model enables efficient, accurate multi-speaker transcription.

Abstract: Methods and devices for a station (STA) to access a channel are disclosed. In one method, the STA sends to an access point (AP) feedback regarding a desired channel of the STA that is a secondary channel of the AP available to monitor. The STA receives from the AP, a message including a bitmap indicating an assigned channel of the STA that is a secondary channel of the AP allowed for use during a target wake time (TWT) period. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise transmitting a first negotiation message to an AP and receiving a second negotiation message from the AP. The first negotiation message and the second negotiation message may negotiate a block acknowledgement agreement. The method may further comprise receiving a data unit, from the AP, the data unit having a duration field indicating a duration of a block-ACK frame. The duration of the block-ACK frame may be determined based on the negotiated block ACK agreement. A block-ACK frame may be transmitted within the duration indicated by the duration field.

Abstract: Device, systems, and/or techniques for using sub-channel signaling information between an access point and a first station are disclosed. In one aspect, a method performed by a station (STA) includes: receiving, from a neighboring STA in an overlapping basic service set (OBSS), a physical (PHY) layer preamble that includes a signal field indicating a plurality of sub-bands and associated power thresholds for Uplink Orthogonal Frequency-Divisional Multiple Access (UL OFDMA) transmission, that are available for OBSS spatial reuse (SR) by the STA; and sending, to an AP with which the STA is associated, an UL OFDMA transmission using a sub-band of the plurality of sub-bands and an associated power threshold indicated in the signal field. Additional embodiments are disclosed.

Abstract: A method performed by a STA may comprise receiving a frame, from a first AP including an indication of a configuration change counter (CCC) associated with a second AP. The CCC may be an unsigned integer that increments when an update to one or more AP parameters of the second AP has occurred. The method may further comprise establishing a first wireless link with the first AP and establishing a master key via at least the first wireless link.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for beamforming (BF) training are disclosed. In some examples, a receiver is configured to receive sector sweep (SSW) training frames from an initiator device that each indicate an antenna sector of the initiator device. A transmitter is configured to transmit sector sweep (SSW) training frames to the initiator device that indicate a best received antenna sector of the initiator device. The receiver receives a sector sweep feedback (SSW FB) frame from the initiator device, and the transmitter transmits transmit a sector sweep acknowledgement (SSW ACK) frame to the initiator device that indicates an antenna sector of the initiator device that is different from the antenna sector indicated by the SSW FB frame, if the SSW FB frame was best received by an antenna not corresponding to the best received antenna sector of the initiator device.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple access schemes for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) with full-duplex radios. For example, an access point (AP), in response to receiving a request to send (RTS) from a first station (STA), may transmit a full-duplex clear to send (FD CTS) to the first STA and a full-duplex request to send (FD RTS) to a second STA. In response to transmitting the FD RTS to the second STA, the AP may receive a clear to send (CTS) from the second STA. The AP may transmit, to both the first STA and the second STA, a FD trigger frame that includes scheduling information to enables FD communication with the first STA for uplink (UL) data and the second STA for downlink (DL) data at a same time. The scheduling information may include timing information and channel information for the FD communication.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) channel access are provided herein. A method performed by a station (STA) may include receiving, from an initiating STA, a frame including information indicating a broadcast address and a control trailer. The control trailer may include information indicating that a multi-user multiple input-multiple output (MU-MIMO) frame is to be received from the initiating STA, and information indicative of a plurality of STAs, the plurality of STAs including the STA. The method may include transmitting a response frame to the indicated broadcast address based on the received frame and receiving the MU-MIMO frame from the initiating STA.

Abstract: A method for receiving a backoff value at a wireless station is presented. A traffic indication map is received at the station, wherein a backoff number is implicitly assigned to the station based on a position of the station within the traffic indication map. The backoff value is determined by multiplying the backoff number by a predetermined time value.