Abstract: Procedures and mechanisms for narrowband multi-channel transmission for wakeup radio (WUR) operation are disclosed. A station (STA) operating in WUR mode may have its a primary connectivity radio (PCR) turned off and its WUR turned and operating according to previously negotiated WUR operating parameters. The STA may monitor, for WUR beacons and frames over a first WUR channel, and determine that the first WUR channel does not support reliable transmission based on no beacons being received within a first duration. The STA may turn off the WUR, and turn on the PCR to send a first short WUR frame including a wakeup reason, and receive a second short WUR frame with a WUR channel assignment. The STA may turn off the PCR, turn on the WUR, and monitor for WUR signals on a second WUR channel according to the WUR channel assignment and the previously negotiated WUR operating parameters.

Abstract: A method for receiving a backoff value at a wireless station is presented. A traffic indication map is received at the station, wherein a backoff number is implicitly assigned to the station based on a position of the station within the traffic indication map. The backoff value is determined by multiplying the backoff number by a predetermined time value.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for multiple input-multiple output (MIMO) channel access are provided herein. A method performed by a station may include receiving, from an access point (AP), a frame including information indicating a broadcast address. The frame may further include a control trailer including information indicating that a multi-user multiple input-multiple output (MU-MIMO) frame is to be transmitted by the AP and information indicative of a designation of a plurality of STAs, the plurality of STAs including the STA. The frame may solicit response frames from at least the designated plurality of STAs. The method may further include transmitting a response frame to the indicated broadcast address and receiving the MU-MIMO frame from the AP.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are related to multi-user parallel channel access (MU-PCA). For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided that is one of the plurality of WTRUs operable to simultaneously communicate via a plurality of channels managed by an access point (AP). The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels, a group poll (G-Poll) message that includes a resource allocation that indicates at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels for the WTRU; and a transmitter configured to transmit an uplink request message, to the AP in response to the G-Poll message, over the at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels, the uplink request message corresponding to uplink data the WTRU has for transmission to the AP.

Abstract: A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may receive configuration information for a first set of resources and a second set of resources for a grantless physical uplink shared channel (PUSCH) transmission. The WTRU may determine data for transmission using the grantless PUSCH transmission. Based on the data, the WTRU may select resources from the first set or the second set for the grantless PUSCH transmission. Further, the WTRU may send the grantless PUSCH transmission including the data using the selected resources. In an example, the sending of the grantless PUSCH transmission may be part of a random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a two-step random access procedure. The random access procedure may be a random access channel (RACH) procedure. The random access procedure may depend upon a double contention pool setting, and the setting may address at least one of a data pool or a control pool.

Abstract: Systems, methods, and devices for broadcast service negotiation and non-simultaneous transmit-receive (STR) channel blindness recovery are provided herein. Some methods performed by a Wireless Transmit/Receive Unit (WTRU), may comprise operating over a first link; operating over a second link; receiving a frame including a Network Allocation Vector (NAV) setting associated with the second link, the NAV setting indicating a time duration; and sending a transmission over the first link, wherein a duration of the transmission over the first link is shorter than or equal to the time duration indicated by the NAV setting. The frame including the NAV setting indicates that the time duration may not be extended or modified. The method may further comprise sending, by the WTRU, an indication that it the WTRU is capable of performing a multi-link restricted transmission. The WTRU may enter a sleep mode on the first link after sending the transmission over the first link.

Abstract: A hierarchical control method for an island power grid energy storage system for increasing new energy generation fluctuation is disclosed. The method includes implementing a rolling dispatch method based on an idea of model predictive control; comprehensively considering a response capability of the energy storage system to grid-wide economic dispatch instructions and life loss of energy storage lithium batteries, and constructing an objective function of an intraday control model of the energy storage system with economic optimization; and constructing, on a basis of satisfying the objective function of the intraday control model, a real-time control model of the energy storage system and solving the model, and determining charge and discharge plans of a lithium battery energy storage system and a supercapacitor energy storage system.

Abstract: A method and apparatus may be used in multi-AP and multi-wireless transmit/receive unit joint transmissions. The apparatus may be configured to transmit a joint transmission request on a first medium, and receive a joint transmission response on the first medium. In response, the apparatus my perform a joint transmission negotiation on a second medium and transmit data on the second medium based on the joint transmission negotiation. The apparatus may be configured to perform coordinated sectorized or beamformed transmissions through access point (AP)/PCP negotiations. The apparatus may provide an indication of support for joint transmission and coordinated sectorized or beamformed transmissions. The method and apparatus may also implement multi-AP/WTRU request-to-send (RTS)/clear-to-send (CTS) procedures. The apparatus may be configured to perform coordinated sectorized or beamforming grouping.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for protection of multi-user (MU) transmission are described herein. An apparatus includes a receiver, a transmitter and a processor. The receiver and the processor detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The processor and the transmitter generate and send a frame in response to the trigger frame and transmit channel availability information for a plurality of channels in response to the trigger frame. The receiver and the processor detect data in a resource unit (RU) of a downlink (DL) MU physical layer (PHY) protocol data unit (PPDU) on one of the plurality of channels. The one of the plurality of channels is based on the transmitted channel availability information.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses for operating in multi-access point (AP) wireless networks are described herein. A method performed by an AP may include transmitting, using a set of resources, a multi-AP ready-to-send (RTS) frame to at least one other AP and a plurality of stations (STAs). The method may include transmitting another frame using a portion of the set of resources. The method may include receiving, using the portion of the set of resources, a clear-to-send (CTS) frame from at least one STA of the plurality of STAs in response to the another frame. The method may include transmitting, using the portion of the set of resources, a data frame to the at least one STA. The multi-AP RTS frame may include resource allocation information for the at least one other AP and the plurality of STAs.

Abstract: An access point (AP) that supports the IEEE 802.11ba protocol may transmit a frame including a physical layer (PHY) preamble to one or more stations (STAs) over a channel. The PHY preamble may include a plurality of repeated modulated legacy signal (L-SIG) fields to spoof a recipient of the frame and protect a wake up signal (WUS) to be subsequently transmitted by the AP. The AP may transmit the WUS to at least a first STA of the one or more STAs, wherein the at least the first STA is a IEEE 802.11ba compliant STA.

Abstract: A method performed by a station (STA) for operating in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is provided. The method includes communicating, in an operation mode, with devices in the WLAN including another STA and transmitting, to the another STA, one or more of a data frame or a management frame including a medium access control (MAC) header. The MAC header includes an operation mode field indicating a change in one or more parameters of the operation mode. The method includes transmitting or receiving, based on a determination that the indicated change in the one or more parameters of the operation mode has taken effect, a frame to or from the another STA in accordance with the indicated change in the one or more parameters of the operation mode.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are described. A station includes a transceiver and a processor, which detect a trigger frame for an uplink (UL) multi-user (MU) transmission. The trigger frame includes a user information field with an allocation of one or more random access resource units (RUs) and a common information field with information to set high efficiency (HE) SIGNAL-A (HE-SIG-A) fields in the UL MU transmission. The transceiver and the processor generate an HE trigger-based (TB) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU) and set an HE-SIG-A field in the HE TB PPDU using the information in the trigger frame. The transceiver and the processor select one of the one or more random access RUs and transmit the HE TB PPDU, using the selected one of the one or more random access RUs, a short inter-frame space after the trigger frame.

Abstract: A station may receive a frame transmitted to a plurality of stations (STAs). The frame may indicate a first frequency resource allocated for the STA and a second frequency resource allocated for another STA of the plurality of STAs. The STA may transmit a data frame using the first frequency resource and receive an acknowledgement frame that acknowledges receipt of the data frame. The STA may receive a multiple user request to send (MU RTS) frame transmitted to the plurality of STAs and may subsequently transmit a clear to send (CTS) frame in response to receipt of the MU RTS frame. The RTS/CTS transmissions may occur prior to transmission of the data frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for rediscovery and medium access for wake-up radios. For example, a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU) may receive, via a first transceiver, a frame that includes a wake-up radio (WUR) operation element having a first counter value. The WTRU may deactivate the first transceiver and activate a second transceiver, wherein the first transceiver enters into a doze state and the second transceiver is in an awake state. The WTRU may then receive, via the second transceiver in the awake state, a WUR frame that includes a second counter value indicating an update of a plurality of basic sewer set (BSS) parameters associated with the first transceiver. On a condition that the second counter value is different than the first counter value, the WTRU may activate the first transceiver to update the plurality of BSS parameters, wherein the first transceiver enters into an awake state.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are described herein for multiple-access point (multi-AP) sounding procedures in a wireless local area network (WLAN). A coordinating AP (CAP) may receive, from one or more member APs in a multi-AP set (MAPS), one or more indications indicating that the one or more member APs are capable of multi-AP sounding during a transmission opportunity (TXOP). The CAP may transmit a CAP TXOP indication (CTI) frame indicating that the multi-AP sounding is to be performed during a TXOP acquired by the CAP. The CAP may receive a CAP TXOP request (CTR) frame indicating that the one or more member APs of the MAP are willing to perform multi-AP sounding during the TXOP. The CAP may transmit a CAP TXOP AP schedule (CTAS) frame indicating a transmission schedule for one or more sounding frames to be transmitted by the one or more member APs during the TXOP.

Abstract: Enhanced protocols and devices may be used to alleviate loss of spectrum efficiency in wideband transmission. The protocols may implement a wideband transmission opportunity (TXOP) truncation where one or more of the channels involved in communication over the wideband are released. In one scenario, an access point (AP) may receive, from a wireless transmit receive unit (WTRU), a first CF-End frame that includes a duration field and a basic service set identifier (BSSID) field that includes an individual/group bit. On a condition that the individual/group bit of the BSSID field has a value of one (1), the AP may determine that a scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame indicates a bandwidth associated with a transmit opportunity (TXOP) being truncated by the WTRU. The AP may then transmit a second CF-End frame at the bandwidth indicated by the scrambling sequence of the first CF-End frame.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for multi-link (ML) steering and control in wireless local area network (WLAN) are disclosed. A station (STA) multi-link device (MLD) may communicate over a plurality of links. The STA MLD may receive, from an access point (AP) MLD, on a first link of the plurality of links, a first frame comprising a ML element, where the ML element includes pausing information indicating a period of time during which the STA MLD will pause transmission and reception on the first link. The STA MLD may send, to the AP MLD, on a second link of the plurality of links and during the indicated period of time, uplink (UL) traffic, wherein the first link and the second link are multi-directional links. The STA MLD may be non-simultaneous transmit and receive (non-STR), and the AP MLD may be capable of STR.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are related to multi-user parallel channel access (MU-PCA). For example, a wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) is provided that is one of the plurality of WTRUs operable to simultaneously communicate via a plurality of channels managed by an access point (AP). The WTRU includes a receiver configured to receive, from the AP, over at least one channel of the plurality of channels, a group poll (G-Poll) message that includes a resource allocation that indicates at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels for the WTRU; and a transmitter configured to transmit an uplink request message, to the AP in response to the G-Poll message, over the at least one allocated channel of the plurality of channels, the uplink request message corresponding to uplink data the WTRU has for transmission to the AP.

Abstract: Methods, devices and systems are provided for performing for multi-user (MU) transmission. A wireless transmit/receive unit (WTRU) may be configured to receive a frame, decode the received frame and determine whether the received frame is a null data packet (NDP) multi-user (MU) media access control (MAC) physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP) protocol data unit (PPDU) (NDP MU MAC PPDU) based on meeting an NDP condition. The NDP MU MAC PPDU may correspond to an MU transmission and may include a PLCP header which includes an NDP signal (SIG) field having MU control information. Based on the received frame meeting the NDP condition, the WTRU may be further configured to process the NDP SIG field, generate a response based on the NDP SIG field and the MU control information, and transmit the response.