Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods and devices for obtaining round trip time measurements for use in location based services. In particular implementations, a fine timing measurement request message wirelessly transmitted by a first transceiver device to a second transceiver device may permit additional processing features in computing or applying a signal round trip time measurement. Such a signal round trip time measurement may be used in positioning operations.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are techniques for range measurement between one or more wireless stations (STAs) and a first access point (AP). In various embodiments, the first AP may synchronize a clock of the first AP with clocks of one or more synchronized APs. The first AP may perform a synchronization session with the one or more STAs. The first AP may also transmit one or more Broadcast time-of-departure (TOD) frames to the one or more STAs. Each of the one or more Broadcast TOD frames may include a time of departure of a Broadcast TOD frame from the first AP. A second AP and a third AP of the one or more synchronized APs may also transmit one or more Broadcast TOD frames to the one or more STAs for range and/or position determination.

Abstract: Techniques for determining a device location based on measurements from multiple RATs are described. In an aspect, the methods and apparatus include determining, at a first device, one or more round trip time (RTT) measurements based on one or more signals communicated with a second device over a first Radio Access Technology (RAT). Further, in an aspect, the methods and apparatus include determining, at the first device, one or more angle measurements based on one or more signals communicated with the second device over a second RAT. Additionally, the methods and apparatus include determining a location of the first device in relation to the second device based on the one or more RTT measurements and the one or more angle measurements. The one or more angle measurements may include one or more angle of departure (AoD) measurements, one or more angle of arrival (AoA) measurements, or both.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the technical field of wind power generating equipment, in particular to a single-frame impeller of a wind turbine generator set. Influenced by the structure, materials and the like, a horizontal-shaft wind turbine generator set in the prior art has problems of low wind energy utilization rate, relatively high design requirements, relatively large volume and weight, difficulty in maintenance and repairing, likeliness in over-speed flying, and the like.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods and devices for obtaining round trip time measurements for use in location based services. In particular implementations, a fine timing measurement request message wirelessly transmitted by a first transceiver device to a second transceiver device may permit additional processing features in computing or applying a signal round trip time measurement. Such a signal round trip time measurement may be used in positioning operations.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described for wireless communication. An example method includes receiving, by a first wireless communication device having a plurality of antennas disposed at a localized position, a plurality of fine timing management (FTM) messages from a second wireless communication device. The example method includes transmitting, by the first wireless communication device, a plurality of FTM responses to the second wireless communication device. Each of the plurality of FTM responses may be transmitted using a different antenna of the first wireless communication device. The example method also includes estimating a range between the first wireless communication device and the second wireless communication device based at least in part on the plurality of FTM messages.

Abstract: Systems, apparatus and methods for determining a cyclic shift delay (CSD) mode from a plurality of CSD modes is disclosed. A received OFDM signal is converted to a channel impulse response (CIR) signal in the time domain and/or a channel frequency response (CFR) signal in the frequency domain. Matched filters and a comparator are used to determine a most likely current CSD mode. Alternatively, a classifier is used with a number of inputs including outputs from two or more matched filters and one or more outputs from a feature extractor. The feature extractor extracts features in the time domain from the CIR signal and/or in the frequency domain from the CFR signal useful in distinguishing various CSD modes.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods and devices for obtaining round trip time measurements for use in location based services. In particular implementations, a fine timing measurement request message wirelessly transmitted by a first transceiver device to a second transceiver device may permit additional processing features in computing or applying a signal round trip time measurement. Such a signal round trip time measurement may be used in positioning operations.

Abstract: Methods, systems, computer-readable media, and apparatuses for determining locations of access points (AP) are presented. Techniques are described for determining relative and absolute locations of APs. In one embodiment, a device may send and receive messages to one or more APs for from various locations for determining the distance between the device and the AP. The device may additionally keep track of its own displacement for the purposes of determining the location of the one or more APs. In one embodiment, the device also determines the turnaround calibration factor (TCF) for the AP that compensates for the processing time at the AP may also be used for increasing the accuracy of the determination of the location of the AP.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed that may perform ranging operations between an initiator device and a responder device. The initiator device may request the responder device to perform a ranging operation. The responder device may transmit a first fine timing measurement (FTM) frame to the initiator device, may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) frame from the responder device, and may transmit a second FTM frame to the initiator device. The second FTM frame may include a time value and angle information. The time value may indicate a difference between a time of departure (TOD) of the first FTM frame and a time of arrival (TOA) of the ACK frame. The angle information may indicate a direction of the initiator device relative to the responder device.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods are disclosed that may perform ranging operations between an initiator device and a responder device. The initiator device may request the responder device to perform a ranging operation. The responder device may transmit a first fine timing measurement (FTM) frame to the initiator device, may receive an acknowledgement (ACK) frame from the responder device, and may transmit a second FTM frame to the initiator device. The second FTM frame may include a time value and angle information. The time value may indicate a difference between a time of departure (TOD) of the first FTM frame and a time of arrival (TOA) of the ACK frame. The angle information may indicate a direction of the initiator device relative to the responder device. The initiator device may determine its position, relative to the responder device, based at least in part on the received time value and angle information.

Abstract: Certain aspects of the present disclosure relate to location reporting for extremely high frequency (EHF) devices. Certain aspects of the present disclosure provide an apparatus for wireless communications. The apparatus generally includes a transmit interface configured to output a first frame for transmission to another apparatus at a first time, a receive interface configured to obtain, at a second time, a second frame transmitted by the other apparatus in response to the first frame, and a processing system configured to generate a third frame for transmission to the other apparatus via the transmit interface, the third frame including information indicating a difference between the first time and the second time and an indication of at least one of an angle of departure of the first frame or an angle of arrival of the second frame.

Abstract: Apparatuses and methods for performing multi-channel passive ranging operations are disclosed. In one example, a passive listening device may receive, on a first wireless channel, a first exchange of signals between a first wireless device and a second wireless device, and then receive on a second wireless channel, a second exchange of signals between the first wireless device and the second wireless device, the first wireless channel different than the second wireless channel. The passive listening device may determine a differential distance between the passive listening device and the first and second wireless devices based, at least in part, on the first and second exchanges of signals on the first and second wireless channels, respectively.

Abstract: Methods and apparatuses are disclosed that may perform simultaneous ranging operations between a requester device and each of a plurality of target devices using OFDMA-based frame exchanges while maintaining a level of accuracy comparable to ranging operations that do not use OFDMA-based frame exchanges. Tone interleaving may be used so that the ranging devices may estimate channel conditions for the full frequency spectrum of the wireless medium. For example, a unique set of two or more non-adjacent groups of OFDM sub-carrier frequencies may be allocated to each of the plurality of target devices for ranging operations.

Abstract: A TOA positioning system can be implemented that employs a calculated initial location of a wireless network device. For each of a plurality of reference wireless network devices, a distance between the wireless network device and the reference wireless network device is determined based, at least in part, on a round trip transit time between the wireless network device and the reference wireless network device. An initial location of the wireless network device can be calculated based, at least in part, on a location of each of the plurality of reference wireless network devices. A location of the wireless network device can be estimated based, at least in part, on the calculated initial location, the distance to each of the reference wireless network devices, and an initial distance calibration constant.

Abstract: This disclosure includes systems and methods for determining the location of each of a plurality of STAs of a WLAN where an AP measures the round-trip time (RTT) and the angle of arrival (AOA) to each STA from implicit packet exchange, such as data frame and ACK frame. The AP may then report the RTT and AOA measurements to each STA using a dedicated beacon information element (IE) which multicasts RTT and AOA measurements to the STAs. By employing an additional parameter, namely, angle of arrival AOA, a single AP may compute the two-dimensional location of each associated STA. Further, another beacon IE may multicast mapping of the AIDs to MAC addresses so that the associated STAs can understand such mapping for STAs in a network so that one STA may know the location of other STAs. Encryption may be employed to achieve privacy.

Abstract: A TFT array substrate includes a pixel region and a wiring region disposed outside the pixel region. The wiring region has a wiring layer including scan or data wirings. A repair wiring layer including repair wiring is disposed insulatedly below or above the wiring layer. A scan or data wiring has a first intersection and a second intersection with a repair wiring section of the repair wiring. When the scan or data wiring is broken, a repair wiring section is cut off the repair wiring by a first cut-off point and a second cut-off point, and the broken scan or data wiring is electrically connected to the repair wiring section through soldering the first intersection and the second intersection. Thus, products that would otherwise be rejected in the manufacturing process of LCD panels can be repaired, which decreases the reject ratio, increases the yield and saves the production cost.

Abstract: Disclosed are systems, methods and devices for measuring a range between wireless devices using an exchange of messages between devices. For example, wireless transceiver devices may exchange messages transmitted in a wireless communications link to measure a time of flight. Based, at least in part, on the measured time of flight, a location of one of the wireless transceiver devices may be estimated.

Abstract: A ranging operation between a first wireless device and a second wireless may be performed by: sending, to the second wireless device, a data frame including a request for the second wireless device to report its actual SIFS duration to the first wireless device; determining a time of departure (TOD) of the data frame; receiving, from the second wireless device, a response frame including SIFS information indicative of the actual SIFS duration of the second wireless device; determining a time of arrival (TOA) of the response frame; and determining a round trip time (RTT) of the data frame and the response frame using the TOD of the data frame, the TOA of the response frame, and the actual SIFS duration of the second wireless device.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and devices are described that provide for wireless ranging. The methods, systems, and/or devices may include tools and techniques that provide for determining a range based on a TOD and a TOA that is adjusted based on a mean FAC. A probe may be transmitted from a transmitter to a receiver. The transmitter may receive a response, from the receiver. A strongest path within the response may be identified. A threshold may be determined. A plurality of FAC values may be identified, which exceed the threshold and precede the strongest path within the response. After the plurality of FAC values are identified, a mean FAC may be determined based at least in part on the plurality of FAC values. A TOA of the response may be adjusted based on the mean FAC. A range to the receiver may be determined based on a TOD and the adjusted TOA.