Abstract: A solar cell includes a substrate having a front surface and a back surface opposite to the front surface; a first passivation layer, a second passivation layer and a third passivation layer sequentially formed on the front surface of the substrate and in a direction away from the substrate; where the first passivation layer includes a dielectric material; the second passivation layer includes a first SiuNv material, and a value of v/u is 1.3?v/u?1.7; and the third passivation layer includes a SirOs material, and a value of s/r is 1.9?s/r?3.2; and a tunneling oxide layer and a doped conductive layer sequentially formed on the back surface of the substrate and in a direction away from the back surface; the doped conductive layer and the substrate are doped to have a same conductivity type.

Abstract: A semiconductor substrate, including a back surface having N-type conductive regions and P-type conductive regions. The N-type conductive regions are provided with first non-pyramidal texture structures, and the P-type conductive regions are provided with second non-pyramidal texture structures. A top surface of the first non-pyramidal texture structure is a polygonal plane, and a top surface of the second non-pyramidal texture structure is a polygonal plane. A one-dimensional size of the top surface of the first non-pyramidal texture structure is less than a one-dimensional size of the top surface of the second non-pyramidal texture structure. The one-dimensional size of the top surface of the first non-pyramidal texture structure is in a range of 5 ?m to 12 ?m. The one-dimensional size of the top surface of the second non-pyramidal texture structure is in a range of 10 ?m to 40 ?m.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular, to a method for preparing a solar cell, the solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. The method for preparing the solar cell includes: providing a substrate; forming a doped amorphous silicon layer on the first side of the substrate; performing laser treatment N times on the doped amorphous silicon layer to form N doped polysilicon layers ranging from a first doped polysilicon layer to a Nth doped polysilicon layer stacked in a direction away from the substrate, where N>1, a power, a wavelength and a pulse irradiation number of a nth laser treatment are respectively smaller than a power, a wavelength and a pulse irradiation number of a (n-1)th laser treatment, where n?N, and the first doped polysilicon layer is disposed closer to the substrate than the Nth doped polysilicon layer. The embodiments of the present application are conducive to simplify the process of forming the solar cell.

Abstract: The present application relates to the technical field of solar cells, and in particular, to a method for preparing a solar cell, the solar cell, and a photovoltaic module. The method for preparing the solar cell includes: providing a substrate; forming a doped amorphous silicon layer on the first side of the substrate; performing laser treatment N times on the doped amorphous silicon layer to form N doped polysilicon layers ranging from a first doped polysilicon layer to a Nth doped polysilicon layer stacked in a direction away from the substrate, where N>1, a power, a wavelength and a pulse irradiation number of a nth laser treatment are respectively smaller than a power, a wavelength and a pulse irradiation number of a (n?1)th laser treatment, where n?N, and the first doped polysilicon layer is disposed closer to the substrate than the Nth doped polysilicon layer. The embodiments of the present application are conducive to simplify the process of forming the solar cell.

Abstract: Provided is a photovoltaic solar cell, a solar cell module and a manufacturing process. The photovoltaic solar cell includes a silicon substrate, and a passivation layer located on at least one surface of the silicon substrate. An electrode, an electrode pad and an extension line are printed on at least one surface of the silicon substrate. The electrode includes a busbar and a finger crossed with each other, and the finger is in contact with the silicon substrate. Two ends of the extension line are respectively connected to the busbar and the electrode pad, to reinforce a connection between the busbar and the electrode pad such that the extension line is not in direct contact with the finger, the extension line is in contact with the passivation layer, the electrode pad and the busbar are not in direct contact with the silicon substrate.

Abstract: A solar cell includes: a substrate having front and back surfaces opposite to each other, the back surface includes first regions, second regions and gap regions, the first regions and the second regions are staggered and spaced from each other in a first direction, and each gap region is provided between one first region and one adjacent second region; a first conductive layer formed over the first region; a second conductive layer formed over the second region, the second conductive layer has a conductivity type opposite to the first conductive layer; a first electrode forming electrical contact with the first conductive layer; a second electrode forming electrical contact with the second conductive layer; and first pyramidal texture structures formed on the back surface corresponding to the gap regions. A curved interface region is formed between side wall of the first/second conductive layer and side wall of the adjacent gap region.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a semiconductor substrate, in which a rear surface of the semiconductor substrate having a first texture structure, the first texture structure includes two or more first substructures at least partially stacked on one another, and a one-dimensional size of the top surface of the outermost first substructure is less than or equal to 45 ?m; a first passivation layer located on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; a tunnel oxide layer located on the first texture structure; a doped conductive layer located on a surface of the tunnel oxide layer, the doped conductive layer includes a P-type doped conductive layer and an N-type doped conductive layer; and a second passivation layer located on a surface of the doped conductive layer.

Abstract: Provided is a busbar-free interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cell and an IBC solar cell module. The IBC solar cell includes a semiconductor substrate, finger electrode lines and conductive lines. The finger electrode lines include first finger electrode lines and second finger electrode lines that are alternately arranged on the semiconductor substrate. The conductive lines include first conductive lines and second conductive lines that are alternately arranged. The first conductive lines are connected to the first finger electrode lines and spaced apart from the second finger electrode lines. The second conductive lines are connected to the second finger electrode lines and spaced apart from the first finger electrode lines.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is provided, including: a substrate; a tunneling layer, a field passivation layer and a first passivation film that are sequentially disposed on a rear surface of the substrate; and a first electrode. The first electrode penetrates the first passivation film and is in contact with the field passivation layer. A doping concentration of the first doping element in the tunneling layer is less than a doping concentration of the first doping element in the field passivation layer, and the doping concentration of the first doping element in the tunneling layer is greater than a doping concentration of the first doping element in the substrate. The field passivation layer includes a first doped region and a second doped region, and a doping curve slope of the first doped region is greater than a doping curve slope of the second doped region.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is provided, including a substrate having a front surface with metal and non-metal pattern regions, first and second pyramid structures in each metal pattern region, third and fourth pyramid structures in each non-metal pattern region, a first tunneling layer and a first doped conductive layer on a portion of the front surface in a respective metal pattern region, and a second tunneling layer and a second doped conductive layer on a rear surface of the substrate. A dimension of a bottom portion of each first pyramid structure is greater than that of each second pyramid structure. A dimension of a bottom portion of each third pyramid structure is greater than that of each fourth pyramid structure. An area proportion of the first pyramid structures in the metal pattern region is greater than that of the third pyramid structures in a respective non-metal pattern region.

Abstract: An information retrieval method includes obtaining Mi (i+1)th-hop candidate documents based on a retrieval text query and Ki ith-hop candidate documents; obtaining a score of each candidate document in the Mi (i+1)th-hop candidate documents; obtaining, based on a score of a candidate document Pjy(i+1) and a probability of a path L, a probability of a path corresponding to the candidate document Pjy(i+1); obtaining K(i+1) (i+1)th-hop candidate documents based on probabilities of paths respectively corresponding to the Mi (i+1)th-hop candidate documents; and obtaining, based on the K(i+1) (i+1)th-hop candidate documents, a retrieval result corresponding to the query.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure relates to the field of solar cells, and in particular to a solar cell and a production method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a N-type substrate; a P-type emitter formed on a first surface of the N-type substrate and including a first portion and a second portion, a top surface of the first portion includes a first pyramid structure, and at least a part of at least one inclined surface of the first pyramid structure is concave or convex relative to a center of the first pyramid structure, a top surface of the second portion includes a second pyramid structure, and inclined surfaces of the second pyramid structure are planar; and a tunnel layer and a doped conductive layer located on a second surface of the N-type substrate. The present disclosure can improve the photoelectric conversion performance of solar cells.

Abstract: Provided are a solar cell, a manufacturing method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a semiconductor substrate, in which a rear surface of the semiconductor substrate having a first texture structure, the first texture structure includes two or more first substructures at least partially stacked on one another, and in a direction away from the rear surface and perpendicular to the rear surface, a distance between a top surface of an outermost first substructure and a top surface of an adjacent first substructure being less than or equal to 2 ?m; a first passivation layer located on a front surface of the semiconductor substrate; a tunnel oxide layer located on the first texture structure; a doped conductive layer located on a surface of the tunnel oxide layer; and a second passivation layer located on a surface of the doped conductive layer.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a sensor for measuring cam and tappet contact force of an engine and a measuring method. The sensor comprises a force carrying element, a force transmission element, a piezoelectric element, a force bearing element, a tappet head and a guide woodruff key. Meanwhile, the present disclosure also provides a measuring method by using the sensor. The sensor is simple in mechanism and convenient to use and can realize the measurement of the cam tappet contact force in the normal direction, the tangential direction and the axial direction of the contact surface.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a solar cell, a method for manufacturing a monocrystalline silicon wafer and a photovoltaic module. The method for manufacturing a monocrystalline silicon wafer includes: providing a monocrystalline silicon rod; squaring the monocrystalline silicon rod to form a quasi-square silicon rod with quasi-square cross-section having an arc, a length of the arc being not less than 15 mm; slicing the quasi-square silicon rod to form at least one quasi-square silicon wafer having the arc. The method for manufacturing at least one solar cell includes: using the method described above to obtain a quasi-square silicon wafer having an arc; forming a first solar cell by processing the quasi-square silicon wafer; scribing the first solar cell to obtain a square-shaped sub-solar cell and at least one strip-shaped sub-solar cell. The above methods improve the utilization rate of the monocrystalline silicon rod and reduce production cost.

Abstract: A photovoltaic cell is provided, including a substrate and a passivation layer on the substrate. The passivation layer includes first portions and second portions interleaved with each other in a direction perpendicular to a normal of the first surface of the substrate. The first and second portions are doped with a same type of doping elements, each second portion has a reference surface away from the substrate, a doping concentration of doping elements in a second portion gradually decreases in a direction from a center of the reference surface toward an adjacent first portion and in a direction from the center of the reference surface toward the substrate, and a doping concentration of doping elements in the first portion is less than or equal to a minimum doping concentration of doping elements in the second portion.

Abstract: Provided is a composite encapsulating material and a photovoltaic module encapsulated with the composite encapsulating material, which relate to the technical field of photovoltaic modules. At least a partial area of the composite encapsulating material includes a high insulation material, and the high insulation material includes polyimide, modifier and modified polyimide. The above technical solution can improve an insulation performance of the encapsulating material, reduce a blank area of an edge of the module, reduce a weight of the photovoltaic module, and further reduce comprehensive cost of the photovoltaic module.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solar cell and a production method thereof, and a photovoltaic module. The solar cell includes: a substrate; a tunnel dielectric layer, located on a surface of the substrate; a doped conductive layer, located on a surface of the tunnel dielectric layer away from the substrate, the doped conductive layer includes a doping element of a same type as a doping element of the substrate, and a plurality of sets of heavily doped areas, the sets includes first heavily doped areas and second heavily doped areas extending in a first direction and arranged at intervals in a second direction; and a plurality of electrodes arranged at intervals, the electrodes extend in the second direction and correspond to the sets, and the electrodes contact with at least part of each sets. The present disclosure can improve photoelectric conversion efficiency of the solar cell.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a solar cell and a solar cell module. The solar cell includes a first region and a second region, and further includes a substrate having a first surface and a second surface; a tunneling layer covering the second surface; a first emitter formed on part of the tunneling layer in the first region; and a second emitter formed on part of the tunneling layer in the second region and on the first emitter, a conductivity type of the second emitter being different from a conductivity type of the first emitter. The solar cell further includes a first electrode configured to electrically connect with the first emitter by penetrating through the second emitter; and a second electrode formed in the second region and configured to electrically connect with the second emitter.

Abstract: Provided is a system for controlling photovoltaic strings to perform Domino-type automatic snow melting, including a controller, M photovoltaic strings and a photovoltaic power supply control module; the 1st to (k?1)th photovoltaic strings supply power to the kth photovoltaic string, in response to the kth photovoltaic string being in a load mode, 2?k?M. The M photovoltaic strings are correspondingly connected to M photovoltaic interfaces of the photovoltaic power supply control module; the controller is connected to the photovoltaic power supply control module, and is configured to control the working state of the photovoltaic power supply control module.