Abstract: A field effect transistor includes a gate electrode, an insulating layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a channel layer. The insulating layer is located on the surface of the gate electrode, and the channel layer is located on the surface of the insulating layer away from the gate electrode. The source electrode and the drain electrode are spaced apart from each on the surface of the channel layer away from the insulating layer. The source electrode and the drain electrode are one-dimensional structures. The present application further provides a method for making the field effect transistor.

Abstract: The invention provides a copper alloy strip, wherein the copper alloy comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 0.1 wt %-1.0 wt % of Cr, 0.01 wt %-0.2 wt % of Si, 0.01 wt %-1.0 wt % of X and the balance of Cu and inevitable impurities, wherein X is at least one of Fe, Ti, 5 Zr, Ag, Zn and Sn; on a section of the copper alloy strip perpendicular to a rolling direction, the number of second-phase particles having a particle size of 5 nm or below 5 nm is A, the number of second-phase particles having a particle size of 100 nm or above 100 nm is B, and A/B is greater than or equal to 3.

Abstract: A field effect transistor includes a gate electrode, an insulating layer, a source electrode, a drain electrode, and a channel layer. The insulating layer is located on the surface of the gate electrode, and the channel layer is located on the surface of the insulating layer away from the gate electrode. The source electrode and the drain electrode are spaced apart from each on the surface of the channel layer away from the insulating layer. The source electrode and the drain electrode are one-dimensional structures. The present application further provides a method for making the field effect transistor and a method for measuring an interface resistance of the field effect transistor.

Abstract: Embodiments provide for predicting rowhammer attack vulnerability of one or more memory cells of a direct random access memory (DRAM) chip, the DRAM chip including a plurality of memory cells. An example method, determines, for each memory cell of a subset of memory cells of the plurality of memory cells, a leakage time t, a resistance of intrinsic leakage RL based at least in part on the leakage time t, an activation time of an adjacent aggressor row to flip a bit in the memory cell, a resistance of coupling leaking RSW based at least in part on the activation time, and a toggling count. The method identifies, based at least in part on one or more of the RSW, RL, or toggling count, whether the direct random memory access (DRAM) chip is vulnerable to a rowhammer attack.

Abstract: A new set of bench-stable fluoroalkylphosphines that directly convert C—H bonds in pyridine building blocks, drug-like fragments, and pharmaceuticals, into fluoroalkyl derivatives. No pre-installed functional groups or directing motifs are required. The reaction tolerates a variety of sterically and electronically distinct pyridines and is exclusively selective for the 4-position in most cases. The reaction proceeds via initial phosphonium salt formation followed by sp2-sp3 phosphorus ligand-coupling, an underdeveloped manifold for C—C bond formation.

Abstract: The present disclosure discloses the application of fecal microbiological markers in non-invasive identification/early warning of fatty liver in perinatal cows, belonging to the technical field of microorganisms and clinical medicine. The microbiological marker is a combination of one or more of Bifidobacteriumpseudolongum, Prevotellamultisaccharivorax and Lachnospiraceae bacterium.

Abstract: Copolymer compositions and methods of making copolymer compositions with enhanced stability in high temperature and high salinity environments. The copolymers include hydrophobic monomers and sulfonated monomers. The sulfonated monomers can include 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid and allyl sulfonate. The sulfonated monomers increase the stability of the polymers in harsh conditions, and in high temperature, high salinity environments. The sulfonated monomers also reduce or prevent the hydrolysis of acrylamide groups, and therefore enhance the stability of the copolymer. The copolymer compositions can be made with free radical polymerization and an initiation complex.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods of detecting sepsis in a patient in need thereof, the method comprising: receiving a patient sample, a pathogenic primer mix, a fluorophore label probe, and a dPCR buffer in one or more wells of a microfluidic device and detecting fluorescent light signal from the droplets to determine sepsis in the patient. The microfluidic device comprises a droplet generation channel in fluid communication with the one or more wells, adapted to generate droplets comprising the patient sample, one or more pathogenic primers, a fluorophore label probe, and dPCR buffer. Furthermore, the microfluidic device comprises a chamber in fluid communication with the droplet generation channel for collecting the droplets generated by the droplet generation channel and performing a PCR reaction in the droplets.

Abstract: A Bluetooth transmitter, a Bluetooth receiver, and a receiver are provided. The Bluetooth transmitter includes modulation modules, up-conversion modules, and an RF transmitting circuit. The modulation modules modulate transmission bitstreams to generate multiple pairs of modulated signals. The up-conversion modules up-convert the pairs of modulated signals to multiple pairs of up-converted signals. The RF transmitting circuit transmits an output signal based on the pairs of up-converted signals. The Bluetooth receiver includes an RF receiving circuit, down-conversion modules, and de-modulators. The RF receiving circuit transforms an input signal into a pair of analog filtered signals. The down-conversion modules generate pairs of down-converted signals based on the pair of analog filtered signals. The de-modulators generate received bitstreams by demodulating the pairs of down-converted signals.

Abstract: The present disclosure is directed synthetic methods for the preparation of 4-valyloxybutyric acid. The synthetic methods described herein employ a diverse array of protecting group strategies and reaction conditions. Additionally, the present disclosure is directed to compounds useful as synthetic intermediates in the preparation of 4-valyloxybutyric acid.

Abstract: The present invention provides a cerebrospinal fluid shunt system that monitors the intracranial pressures over a portion of a monitoring cycle to calculate short intervals of drainage for every monitoring cycle necessary to produce the desired pressure correction. The system operates to significantly reduce the time during which draining occurs allowing tissue surrounding the catheter to rebound from the catheter holes returning to its normal position for a sufficient amount of time to recover its normal shape.

Abstract: An insulation board assembly, having: a foam insulation board; a top facer attached onto a top side of the foam insulation board, the top facer being made of woven material; and a bottom facer attached onto a bottom side of the foam insulation board, the bottom facer being made of woven material. The top and bottom woven facers may have upper and lower coatings and non-woven layers on either side and woven and non-woven layers may be held together with a tie layer.

Abstract: Data format conversion processing of an accelerator accessed by a processor of a computing environment is reduced. The processor and accelerator use different data formats, and the accelerator is configured to perform an input conversion to convert data from a processor data format to an accelerator data format prior to performing an operation using the data, and an output conversion to convert resultant data from accelerator data format back to processor data format after performing the operation. The reducing includes determining that adjoining operations of a process to run on the processor and accelerator are to be performed by the accelerator, where the adjoining operations include a source operation and destination operation. Further, the reducing includes blocking an output data format conversion of the source operation and an input data format conversion of the input data for the destination operation.

Abstract: A composition includes an ionic liquid monomer having the following structure: where n is an integer from 1 to 5 and the ionic liquid monomer has a melting point less than 100° C. A method of making the ionic liquid includes providing a mixture comprising a sulfonic acid and a diamine in a solvent, and maintaining the mixture at a temperature ranging from 10 to 80° C. for a time ranging from 1 to 10 hours to form an ionic liquid monomer having a melting point less than 100° C. A method of making a polymer from the ionic liquid monomer is also provided.

Abstract: The disclosure relates a battery technology field, and in particular, relates to a battery pack. The battery pack includes a battery array and a liquid cooling tube. The battery array includes at least two batteries, and the batteries are arranged in a first direction. The liquid cooling tube is disposed on a surface of the battery array and is configured to dissipate heat for the batteries. The liquid cooling tube includes cooling portions, and the cooling portions are portions of an orthographic projection of the liquid cooling tube on the battery array. Orthographic projections of the cooling portions on the battery array are cooling regions. In the battery array, at least one of the batteries is located outside a range of the cooling portions.

Abstract: Some embodiments provide retail product ordering systems comprising: a user computing device comprising an application executed by a device control circuit to: receive an audible utterance; controls a product identifier application interface to: apply a tokenizer model and obtain a set of individual search words; apply a series of featurizer models to the search words to generate features; and apply a classifier and extractor model based on the features and generate multiple requested product entities each comprising a respective sub-set of the position labeled product terms; wherein the device control circuit is further configured to access a purchase history database, confirm an accuracy of each of requested product entities relative to a purchase history, generate a listing of determined product identifiers corresponding to the confirmed set of the multiple requested product entities, and control a display system of the user computing device to render the listing of determined product identifiers.

Abstract: A Bluetooth transmitter, a Bluetooth device, and a transmitter are provided. After being received by the transmitter, a transmission bitstream is modulated to generate a first-path modulated signal and a second-path modulated signal, which are up-converted to a first first-path up-converted signal, a second first-path up-converted signal, a first second-path up-converted signal, and a second second-path up-converted signal. The first first-path and the second first-path up-converted signals are corresponding to a first broadcast channel, and the first second-path and the second second-path up-converted signals correspond to a second broadcast channel. A first-path baseband signal is generated based on the first first-path and the second first-path up-converted signals, and a second-path baseband signal is generated based on the first second-path and the second second-path up-converted signals. A broadcast signal is generated based on the first-path and the second-path baseband signals.

Abstract: The invention is directed towards compounds (e.g., Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or prodrug thereof), their mechanism of action, and methods of modulating proliferation activity, and methods of treating diseases and disorders using the compounds described herein (e.g., Formula (I), or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, or prodrug thereof).

Abstract: A surfactant composition is provided. The composition includes chemical structure represented by Formula (1): where R1 represents a hydrocarbon group, a substituted hydrocarbon group, an alkyl ester group, or an alkyl amine having from 4 to 28 carbon atoms, and R2 and R3 represent hydrocarbon groups having from 1 to 5 carbon atoms. Also provided is a composition including a brine comprising a total salinity of at least 20,000 mg/L and the chemical structure shown in Formula (1). Methods of making a composition including the chemical structure represented by Formula (1) are also provided.

Abstract: A scale inhibitor fluid includes 0.001 ppm to 100 ppm of a phosphonate compound, 20 ppm to 400 ppm of a cation-containing surfactant, and an aqueous fluid. The cation-containing surfactant includes at least one of a single positively charged cation-containing surfactant, a double positively charged cation-containing surfactant and a zwitterionic cation-containing surfactant. A method for inhibiting scale formation in a wellbore includes introducing a phosphonate compound, a cation-containing surfactant and an aqueous fluid to the wellbore to produce a scale inhibitor fluid.