Abstract: A polymer electrolyte composition obtained by mixing a plurality of ion-conductive polymers, wherein if the ion-conductive polymer having that is highest in ion exchange capacity among the plurality of ion-conductive polymers is termed first ion-conductive polymer, and the ion-conductive polymer that is lowest in ion exchange capacity is termed second ion-conductive polymer, then the first ion-conductive polymer and the second ion-conductive polymer are both block copolymers composed of a segment having an ion-exchange group and a segment having substantially no ion-exchange groups, and if the weight fraction of the segment having an ion-exchange group in the first ion-conductive polymer is termed Wh1, and the weight fraction of the segment having an ion-exchange group in the second ion-conductive polymer is termed Wh2, then the relationships (I) and (II) listed below are satisfied. Wh1>Wh2??(I) Wh1?Wh2?0.

Abstract: A method of the intramolecular and intermolecular cyclization of an N-acylhydrazone for obtaining a pyrazoline skeleton or pyrazolidine skeleton under ordinary conditions with high stereoselectivity and in high yield. An N-acylhydrazone represented by the following formula (I): (wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and each represents hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group and Ar represents an optionally substituted aromatic hydrocarbon group) is converted to an N-acylpyrazoline derivative with high stereoselectivity in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst or asymmetric Lewis acid catalyst.

Abstract: An asymmetric reaction catalyst is obtained by mixing a pentavalent niobium compound and an optically active triol or tetraol having a binaphthol structure of R or S configuration, and the triol is represented by the following formula: (wherein, Y is divalent hydrocarbon and R1 is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, or an alkyl group or alkoxy group having at most 4 carbons).

Abstract: An asymmetric reaction catalyst is obtained by mixing a pentavalent niobium compound and an optically active triol or tetraol having a binaphthol structure of R or s configuration, and the triol is represented by the following formula: wherein, Y is divalent hydrocarbon and RI is a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, or an alkyl group or alkoxy group having at most 4 carbons.

Abstract: A producing method of a polymer electrolyte membrane is provided in which a polymer electrolyte membrane can be easily obtained having excellent ion conductivity in the thickness direction. The preferred producing method of the polymer electrolyte membrane of the present invention is a producing method of the polymer electrolyte membrane having a micro phase separation structure, including an evaporating step of evaporating a solvent from a solution containing the polymer electrolyte having an ion conductive group, wherein a time from start to completion of the evaporation of the solvent is 60 minutes or less in the evaporating step.

Abstract: A membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell that irrespectively of the front or backside of polymeric electrolyte membrane, exhibits high output performance, and that exhibits high junction at an interface between polymeric electrolyte membrane and electrode even under low humidification condition or high temperature condition, or in high current density region, realizing appropriate water management and excellent output characteristics. Further, there is provided a fuel cell including the above assembly.

Abstract: Provided is a method for producing a laminate in which an ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane is laminated on a supporting substrate in a state where any one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane is bonded to the supporting substrate, a difference in a contact angle against water between a first surface and a second surface of the surface of the ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane being more than 30° in a case where the first surface is the side having a small contact angle against water of a membrane surface and the second surface is the side having a large contact angle against water of the membrane surface, the method includes the steps of: preparing a polymer electrolyte solution in which a polymer electrolyte containing an ion conductive polymer having an aromatic group in the main chain and/or the side chain, and also having an ion exchange group bonded directly to the aromatic group or bonded indirectly to the aromatic group with another atom or atomic group interposed therebetwee

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a membrane electrode assembly for fuel cell which retains the wet state of a polymer electrolyte membrane and has excellent output characteristic under low humidified condition, under high-temperature condition, or in high current density region, and a fuel cell provided with the membrane electrode assembly.

Abstract: An object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a laminate wherein an ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane is laminated on a supporting substrate in a state where any one surface of the polymer electrolyte membrane is bonded to the supporting substrate, a difference in a contact angle against water between one surface and the other surface of the ion conductive polymer electrolyte membrane being 30° or less, the method comprising the steps of: preparing a polymer electrolyte solution in which a polymer electrolyte containing an ion conductive polymer having an aromatic group in the main chain and/or the side chain, and also having an ion exchange group bonded directly to the aromatic group or bonded indirectly to the aromatic group via the other atom or atomic group is dissolved in a solvent; and applying the polymer electrolyte solution on the supporting substrate by flow casting thereby laminating the polymer electrolyte membrane on the supporting substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a Zener diode connected between an outside terminal and ground, and a resistor connected to the Zener diode in series. The Zener diode and the resistor divide a noise voltage, so that the semiconductor device can have the high noise tolerance even if it uses the small Zener diode.

Abstract: A flow sensor functions as a flow meter, for measuring the flow rate of a measurement objective fluid. The flow sensor comprises a flow passage, through which the measurement objective fluid flows, a sensor arranged so as to face the flow passage from a top wall that defines the flow passage, a throttle surface opposed to the top wall where the sensor is arranged, and an inclined surface provided on an upstream side of the throttle surface. The inclined surface is disposed such that the flow passage widens toward the inlet side of the flow passage. The inclined surface has an angle such that an extension line thereof passes through a position that is offset toward the upstream side, as compared to the detecting section of the sensor.

Abstract: A computer aided design system is provided that includes a display, an input unit for inputting a circuit search-range narrowing condition, and a processing unit for, when a circuit topology of a circuit to be designed is changed, finding recommended circuits by searching a database, which stores part data and circuit data, based on the circuit search-range narrowing condition, and displaying a list of the recommended circuits on the display.

Abstract: A superconducting coil quench detection method and device capable of detecting a quench detection voltage even in a superconducting coil where a plurality of element coils are connected with a plurality of current sources and operated with repetitive pulses or AC and a voltage of several kV is applied continuously as an induction voltage. A super conducting power storage unit is also provided. The quench detection device comprises a pickup coil (2) provided in a superconducting coil (1) or in the vicinity thereof, an overvoltage protection circuit (4) a voltage signal below a predetermined level by receiving the difference between a voltage induced in the superconducting coil (1) at the time of quenching of the superconducting coil (1) and a voltage induced in the pickup coil (2), and a quench detector (3) for detecting quench of the superconducting coil (1) by receiving the voltage signal.

Abstract: An intramolecular [3+2] cycloaddition reaction of a hydrazone is carried out under a mild condition with a high stereoselectivity and yield by reacting a hydrazone derivative in the presence of an asymmetric catalyst system obtained by mixing a zirconium alkoxide represented by the following formula (I): Zr(OR)4 ??(I) (wherein R is a hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent) with a binaphthol derivative represented by the following formula (II): (wherein Y1 and Y2 are each identical or different and denote a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, and at least one of Y1 and Y2 denotes a halogen atom).

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymer electrolyte membrane with excellent proton conductivity in its thickness direction. Preferably, the polymer electrolyte membrane containing a polymer compound comprising an ionic segment having an ionic functional group and a nonionic segment having substantially no ionic functional group, and the phase containing ionic segments as a main component and the phase containing nonionic segments as a main component are phase-separated, and in the surface region thereof, the change in the amount of the ionic segment from the surface toward the interior substantially decreases monotonically.

Abstract: For dormant periods in which in data is not transmitted to a differential signal reception circuit, an amount of a constant current provided to output buffers of a differential signal transmission circuit is reduced. Consequently, power consumption in the differential signal transmission circuit and the differential signal reception circuit is reduced.

Abstract: Techniques to switch between video display modes are described. An apparatus may include a graphics device to generate first synchronized timing signals with a first phase differential to indicate a first display mode for first display data, and to generate second synchronized timing signals with a second phase differential to indicate a second display mode for second display data. Other embodiments are described and claimed.