Abstract: An impulse generator including first and second differentiators coupled in parallel to each other, for generating impulses by differentiating a clock signal, and first and second switches for transiting on and off the first and second differentiators respectively to selectively output the impulses generated by the first and second differentiators, and varying polarity of the impulses by changing a direction of a current flowing through load. Accordingly, the negative and positive impulses are selectively output according to the circuit state, reliability of the impulses is improved, and power consumption is reduced.

Abstract: Provided are a semiconductor package which is small in size but includes a large number of terminals disposed at intervals equal to or greater than a minimum pitch, and a method of fabricating the semiconductor package. The semiconductor package includes a semiconductor chip having a bottom surface on which a plurality of bumps are formed, redistribution layer patterns formed under the semiconductor chip and each including a first part electrically connected to at least one of the bumps and a second part electrically connected to the first part, an encapsulation layer surrounding at least a top surface of the semiconductor chip, and a patterned insulating layer formed below the redistribution layer patterns and exposing at least parts of the second parts of the redistribution layer patterns.

Abstract: A lamp hinge includes a first connector and a second connector pivotally connecting with the first connector. The first connector defines a circular groove therein. The second connector has a pivotal portion pivotally engaging the first connector, and a mounting portion connecting with a lamp head of the lamp. The pivotal portion defines a curved groove therein. The mounting portion defines a central hole therein. A plurality of ball bearings are movably sandwiched between the pivotal portion and the first connector and received in the circular groove and the curved groove. The ball bearings separate the first connector from the second connector a space. Two neighboring ball bearings define a gap therebetween, for providing passage of the electric wires of the lamp therethrough. The gap communicates with the central hole of the mounting portion of the second connector.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a conjugate that includes a nucleic acid ligand bound to a controlled release polymer system, a pharmaceutical composition that contains the conjugate, and methods of treatment using the conjugate. The controlled release polymer system includes an agent such as a therapeutic, diagnostic, prognostic, or prophylactic agent. The nucleic acid ligand that is bound to the controlled release polymer system, binds selectively to a target, such as a cell surface antigen, and thereby delivers the controlled release polymer system to the target.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus for transparently switching a local instance of a UMTS protocol-based call from a first card or module of a media gateway to a second card or module of the media gateway, such that the remote end of the call is not aware that the call has been switched between the first and second cards or modules. Moreover, initially establishing call media flow may include implementing two timers of different duration during which call-initialization is retried if no Positive-Acknowledgement of call initialization is received, where a shorter-duration timer is relied upon to attempt retries if a Negative-Acknowledgement is received, and a longer-duration timer is relied upon to attempt retries if neither a Positive-Acknowledgement nor a Negative-Acknowledgement is received.

Abstract: Provided is a 2-terminal semiconductor device that uses an abrupt MIT semiconductor material layer. The 2-terminal semiconductor device includes a first electrode layer, an abrupt MIT semiconductor organic or inorganic material layer having an energy gap less than 2eV and holes in a hole level disposed on the first electrode layer, and a second electrode layer disposed on the abrupt MIT semiconductor organic or inorganic material layer. An abrupt MIT is generated in the abrupt MIT semiconductor material layer by a field applied between the first electrode layer and the second electrode layer.

Abstract: Disclosed is a display device using a demultiplexer. The demultiplexer sequentially samples data currents that are multiplexed and applied by a data driver, and holds currents corresponding to the sampled data currents to a plurality of data lines. Since the demultiplexer is to sample the data currents corresponding to N data lines during a horizontal period when performing 1:N demultiplexing, the data current corresponding to one data line is to be sampled during a 1/N horizontal period. A signal line coupled between the demultiplexer and the data driver is precharged with a precharge current before sampling the data current. According to one embodiment, the precharge current is M times the data current, where M is a real number greater than 1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing powders of niobium suboxides or niobium, wherein the process comprising: mixing the niobium oxides as raw material with reducing agent, conducting a reaction at a temperature in the range of 600˜1300° C. in an atmosphere of vacuum or inert gas or hydrogen gas, leaching the reaction product to remove the residual reducing agent and the oxides of the reducing agent and other impurities, heat treating at a temperature of the range of 1000˜1600° C. in an atmosphere of vacuum or inert gas, and screening to obtain the powders of niobium suboxide or niobium of capacitor grade. According to the present invention, the niobium oxides were directly reduced into capacitor grade niobium suboxides or niobium with reducing agents which can be easily removed by mineral acids, wherein the speed of the reaction can be controlled and the reaction can directly reduce the niobium oxides into capacitor grade niobium suboxides or niobium powder.

Abstract: In a method of forming a chalcogenide compound target, a first powder including germanium carbide or germanium is prepared, and a second powder including antimony carbide or antimony is prepared. A third powder including tellurium carbide or tellurium is prepared. A powder mixture is formed by mixing the first to the third powders. After a shaped is formed body by molding the powder mixture. The chalcogenide compound target is obtained by sintering the powder mixture. The chalcogenide compound target may include a chalcogenide compound that contains carbon and metal, or carbon, metal and nitrogen considering contents of carbon, metal and nitrogen, so that a phase-change material layer formed using the chalcogenide compound target may stable phase transition, enhanced crystallized temperature and increased resistance. A phase-change memory device including the phase-change material layer may have reduced set resistance and driving current while improving durability and sensing margin.

Abstract: An electron emission device includes first and second substrates opposing one another with a gap therebetween. Cathode electrodes are formed on the first substrate. An insulation layer is formed covering the cathode electrodes and having apertures. Gate electrodes are formed on the insulation layer and have apertures at locations corresponding to the locations of the apertures of the insulation layer so as to expose the cathode electrodes. Electron emission regions are formed in the apertures on the cathode electrodes. An anode electrode is formed on the second substrate. An outer surface of the electron emission regions is formed with a shape similar to a shape of equipotential lines formed when there is no electron emission region in the apertures, and predetermined drive voltages are applied to the electrodes.

Abstract: A voltage tripler circuit includes a plurality of switches and first, second, and third capacitors each having first and second terminals that are selectively interconnected via the plurality of switches. The first capacitor charges to a supply voltage during a first phase. The second capacitor charges to two times the supply voltage during a second phase that follows the first phase. The third capacitor charges to three times the supply voltage during a third phase that follows the second phase. The voltage tripler circuit draws the same peak current from a source of the supply voltage at a beginning of each of the first, second, third phases.

Abstract: A 2D and 3D image display apparatus including: a display panel forming an image by spatially modulating an input image signal; a polarization conversion device converting a polarization direction of a beam incident into the polarization conversion device according to a voltage applied in synchronization with the image signal; and a switching barrier unit including first polarization units having a first polarization direction and second polarization units having a second polarization direction in an alternate manner, and transmitting the beam passing the polarization conversion device through at least one of the first polarization unit and the second polarization unit. Therefore, a 3D image can be displayed without degrading a horizontal resolution thereof by using a combination of polarization devices with low fabrication costs, which may utilize a time-sequential display method.

Abstract: A light-condensing member includes a base plate, a main light-condensing pattern formed on the base plate, and a sub light-condensing pattern formed on the main light-condensing pattern. The main light-condensing pattern includes a plurality of main prisms extended in a first direction. A cross section of a main prism taken along a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction has a substantially triangular shape. The sub light-condensing pattern includes a plurality of sub prisms formed on the main prisms and extended in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction. A cross section of a sub prism taken along the first direction has a substantially triangular shape. Since light is condensed simultaneously in both a horizontal direction and a vertical direction through one light-condensing member, manufacturing costs and the thickness of backlight assembly are reduced.

Abstract: In a display device, a demultiplexer is used to transmit a data current to a data line. The demultiplexer includes a plurality of sample/hold circuits for sampling the time-divided and sequentially input current and holding them to the data line. A plurality of data lines coupled to the demultiplexer are coupled to pixels of the same color, and hence, currents with different levels are transmitted to pixels of different colors. A sample/hold circuit for transmitting a higher level current uses a driving transistor having a larger ratio of a channel width and a channel length.

Abstract: The present invention relates a fiber optic transducer (FOT) and methods for measuring the pressure and temperature of a flowing fluid using such FOT, wherein such FOT contains a fiber optic having fiber Bragg gratings. The fiber Bragg gratings are measured during a flowing fluid to determine the difference in the change in wavelength exhibited by a reflected optical signal from the gratings.

Abstract: A buffer initially preloads a text subtitle stream recorded on a recording medium. The preloaded text subtitle stream includes a dialog style segment defining a group of region styles and a plurality of dialog presentation segments, each of which contains at least one region of dialog text. Each region of dialog text is linked to a selected one of the group of region styles defined in the dialog style segment. The dialog style segment and the plurality of dialog presentation segments are encapsulated in a plurality of PES packets, respectively. A text subtitle decoder decodes and presents each dialog presentation segment according to a continuous presentation flag included in each dialog presentation segment. The continuous presentation flag indicates whether continuous presentation is required for each dialog presentation segment with previous one.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a digital television (DTV) transmitter/receiver. In the DTV transmitter, enhanced data is pre-processed by coding the enhanced data for forward error correction (FEC) and expanding the FEC-coded enhanced data. Enhanced data packets are generated including the pre-processed enhanced data and known data is inserted to at least one of the enhanced data packets. The enhanced data packets are multiplexed main data packets including main data. An RS encoder RS-codes the multiplexed main and enhanced data packets, the RS encoder adding systematic parity data to each main data packet and adding RS parity place holders to each enhanced data packet. The RS encoder may also insert non-systematic RS parity data or null data into the RS parity place holders included in each enhanced data packet.

Abstract: The invention includes a method of treating a solid acid catalyst. After exposing the catalyst to a mixture containing a sugar alcohol, the catalyst is washed with an organic solvent and is then exposed to a second reaction mixture. The invention includes a process for production of anhydrosugar alcohol. A solid acid catalyst is provided to convert sugar alcohol in a first sample to an anhydrosugar alcohol. The catalyst is then washed with an organic solvent and is subsequently utilized to expose a second sample. The invention includes a method for selective production of an anhydrosugar. A solid acid catalyst is provided within a reactor and anhydrosugar alcohol is formed by flowing a starting sugar alcohol into the reactor. The acid catalyst is then exposed to an organic solvent which allows a greater amount of additional anhydrosugar to be produced than would occur without exposing the acid catalyst to the organic solvent.

Abstract: A method and system are provided for transmitting data in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system. A receiver sets the number of sub-streams of each column of a preceding matrix with respect to all precoding matrices of channels formed between the receiver and a transmitter and measures channel states with respect to sub-stream combinations whose number is equivalent to the number of set sub-streams. The receiver transmits data according to channel states to the transmitter after measuring the channel states with respect to the sub-stream combinations and antenna combinations representing sub-streams used upon data transmission of all the precoding matrices.