Abstract: A method and Internet Protocol (IP) translator for translating a protocol to support compatibility between networks employing different types of protocols is provided. The IP translator includes a virtual platform to operate at least one operating system (OS) which supports different types of IPs, and a protocol translating unit which is provided on the virtual platform, translates a data packet of one of the different types of IPs into a data packet of another of the different types of IPs, and transmits the translated data packet to an OS which supports the other type of IP. Accordingly, it is possible to simplify the complicated IPv6-IPv4 translation mechanism of the existing dual operating system.

Abstract: A exemplary method for determining vibration displacement in interferometric scanning, in which two optical signals having a phase difference with each other of a high-coherence interferogram corresponding to a tested surface is detected for determining a shifting displacement between the reference plane of interferometric apparatus and the tested surface. In one embodiment, a series of the shifting displacements with respect to a time interval are measured for determining the vibrating frequency of the tested surface by spectrum analysis. Meanwhile, an exemplary interferometric apparatus is also disclosed for calculating the relative position between the tested surface and the reference plane of interferometric apparatus whereby the interferometric apparatus is capable of compensating influences of vibration caused by the environment or the tested surface itself so as to obtain the surface profile and vibration frequency of the tested surface.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a first conductivity-type deep well formed in a substrate, a plurality of device isolation layers formed in the substrate in which the first conductivity-type deep well is formed, a second conductivity-type well formed on a portion of the first conductivity-type deep well between two of the device isolation layers, a first gate pattern formed over a portion of the second conductivity-type well, a second gate pattern formed over one of the device isolation layers, a source region formed in an upper surface of the second conductivity-type well to adjoin a first side of the first gate pattern, a first drain region formed to include the interface between an upper surface of the second conductivity-type well adjoining a second side of the first gate pattern and an upper surface of the first conductivity-type deep well adjoining the second side of the first gate pattern, and a second drain region formed in an upper surface of the first conductivity-type deep well to be spaced from th

Abstract: A boost device boosts an input voltage to an output voltage across an output capacitor, and includes first and second output diodes coupled to the output capacitor, and a transformer coupled to first and second switches, first and second switching circuits, and to the first and second output diodes, and receiving the input voltage. The first and second switches are operated alternately in an ON-state, and have overlapping duty cycles. The first and second switching circuits are operable to suppress conduction losses for the first and second switches. The transformer has a bi-directional magnetic circuit. Electric energy is transformed through induced currents of the transformer, and a small amount of energy attributed to an exciting current of the transformer is used for voltage boosting, thereby attaining a relatively high output power.

Abstract: Disclosed are a method of protecting content and a method of processing information. The method of protecting content can include service related information including revocation application information of content from the outside by employing a content management and protection system, and apply or not apply a content revocation process on the content according to the re- vocation application information. Accordingly, whether to apply a content revocation process can be controlled according to revocation application information.

Abstract: Provided are an MIT device-based oscillation circuit including a power source, an MIT device and a variable resistor, in which a generation of an oscillation and an oscillation frequency are determined according to a voltage applied from the power source and a resistance of the variable resistor, and a method of adjusting the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit. The MIT device includes an MIT thin film and an electrode thin film connected to the MIT thin film, and generates a discontinuous MIT at an MIT generation voltage, the variable resistor is connected in series to the MIT device, and the power source applies a voltage or an electric current to the MIT device. The generation of an oscillation and an oscillation frequency are determined according to the voltage applied from the power source and the resistance of the variable resistor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to uses of Macrolactin A produced by Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2 (KCCM 10769P), which is a new bacillus strain, as an antibiotic. Macrolactin A of the present invention, which is produced by Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2, shows a broad spectrum of antibiotic activity against a variety of microorganisms and fungi, and is proved to be very efficient for the inhibition of particularly vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) that are multidrug-resistant bacteria. The antibiotic Macrolactin A produced by Bacillus polyfermenticus KJS-2, can be used as an excellent antibiotic against vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA), and thus the present invention is a very useful invention for medical industry.

Abstract: Digital logic processing devices capable of reduced power consumption may be provided. A digital logic processing device may include one or more processing elements, an input FIFO for storing data, a processing unit, and a clock controller circuit. The processing unit may process data from the input FIFO and the clock controller circuit may control a clock signal supplied to the input FIFO and the processing unit. The clock controller circuit may monitor whether there is data to be transferred to the input FIFO and states of the input FIFO and the processing unit and may control the clock signal.

Abstract: A fuel cell system optimizing the ratio of width of a channel to a width of a rib forming a passage for supplying fuel and air, the ratio of width thereof to a height of a channel, and the number of passages, thereby improving the fuel diffusing performance and reducing a pressure drop therein is provided. The fuel cell system includes at least one stack for generating electrical energy by an electrochemical reaction between hydrogen and oxygen, a fuel supply portion for supplying fuel to the stack, and an oxygen supply portion for supplying oxygen to the stack. The stack is formed into a stacked configuration having a plurality of membrane electrode assemblies separated by separators. The separators have ribs which closely contact the adjacent membrane electrode assemblies and form channels through which the oxygen and hydrogen flow. The ratio of the width of a channel to the height of the same is between about 0.6 and about 0.8.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of verifying a programmed condition of a flash memory device, being comprised of: determining a level of an additional verifying voltage in response to the number of programming/erasing cycles of memory cells; conducting a verifying operation to programmed memory cells with an initial verifying voltage lower than the additional verifying voltage; and selectively conducting an additional verifying operation with the additional verifying voltage to the program-verified memory cells in response to the number of programming/erasing cycles.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for controlling a recording signal are provided. The apparatus may include a light generator generating light used to write information to an optical disk, a light amount compensator setting a voltage level of the recording signal as a second level when the write operation is performed or stopped, and a light amount controller supplying energy to the light generator based on the second level of the recording signal until the voltage level of the recording signal reaches a first level when a rewrite operation is started and controlling the light generated by the light generator to be constant after the voltage level of the recording signal reaches the first level.

Abstract: Embodiments of methods and apparatus for receiving data are disclosed. More particularly, methods of receiving a current mode signal, which can improve a signal to noise ratio (SNR) according to a change in a power supply voltage, and current mode comparators and semiconductor devices that use the methods are provided. A method of receiving a current mode signal includes receiving a reference current signal and a data current signal through a channel and generating a sensing voltage based on a difference between the reference current signal and the data current signal, varying a transconductance to reduce an input resistance of the current mode comparator in inverse proportion to an increase in a power supply voltage supplied to the current mode comparator, and converting the sensing voltage into a CMOS level output signal using the current mode comparator.

Abstract: A developing unit and an image forming apparatus having the developing unit are disclosed. The developing unit includes a developing unit main body having a supporting groove that contacts and is supported by the supporting protrusion of a frame when the developing unit is mounted on the mounting frame. A photoconductor is rotatably disposed in the developing unit main body and has ends that form a supporting shaft and are supported by a supporting unit. A driven unit is disposed in the developing unit main body and geared with the driving unit when the developing unit main body is mounted on the mounting frame. One of side surfaces of the developing unit main body includes an interference unit that interferes with the mounting frame and push the developing unit main body into engagement with the driving gear when the developing main body is mounted on the mounting frame.

Abstract: A scan driver and an organic light emitting display (OLED) for selectively performing progressive scanning and interlaced scanning. The scan driver includes a plurality of scan units. A scan unit generates an odd-number scan signal or an even-number scan signal and includes a flip-flop and a scan signal generator. The scan signal generator performs a logical operation on output signals from the flip-flop and a mode selection signal, and outputs a signal. A logical operation can be performed on the output signal of the scan unit and an impulse signal to form a scan signal and an emission control signal. The OLED, which selectively performs the progressive scanning and the interlaced scanning in response to a mode selection signal, includes an emission driver for outputting an emission control signal and a program driver for outputting a scan signal and a boost signal.

Abstract: A nano-scale device and method of fabrication provide a nanowire having (111) vertical sidewalls. The nano-scale device includes a semiconductor-on-insulator substrate polished in a [110] direction, the nanowire, and an electrical contact at opposite ends of the nanowire. The method includes wet etching a semiconductor layer of the semiconductor-on-insulator substrate to form the nanowire extending between a pair of islands in the semiconductor layer. The method further includes depositing an electrically conductive material on the pair of islands to form the electrical contacts. A nano-pn diode includes the nanowire as a first nano-electrode, a pn-junction vertically stacked on the nanowire, and a second nano-electrode on a (110) horizontal planar end of the pn-junction. The nano-pn diode may be fabricated in an array of the diodes on the semiconductor-on-insulator substrate.

Abstract: A fuel cell system comprises: a fuel storage means for storing a fuel; a direct borohydride fuel cell (DBFC); a fuel circulation supply means for circulation and supplying a fuel to an anode of the DBFC from the fuel storage means; a polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) for receiving hydrogen generated at the anode of the DBFC as a fuel; a hydrogen control means for controlling hydrogen generated from the anode of the DBFC in correspondence to an amount required by the PEMFC and thereby supplying the hydrogen to the PEMFC; and an air supply means for supplying air to a cathode of the DBFC and an cathode of the PEMFC.

Abstract: A variety of elastomeric-based microfluidic devices and methods for using and manufacturing such devices are provided. Certain of the devices have arrays of reaction sites to facilitate high throughput analyses. Some devices also include reaction sites located at the end of blind channels at which reagents have been previously deposited during manufacture. The reagents become suspended once sample is introduced into the reaction site. The devices can be utilized with a variety of heating devices and thus can be used in a variety of analyses requiring temperature control, including thermocycling applications such as nucleic acid amplification reactions, genotyping and gene expression analyses.

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for multi-chip packaging. A multi-chip package (100) includes a substrate (105) and a plurality of semiconductor dice (110, 120, 130). A first semiconductor die (110) is physically coupled to an upper face of the substrate (105), the first semiconductor die (110) being a smallest one of the plurality of semiconductor dice (110, 120, 130).

Abstract: A washing machine and a method of manufacturing a door thereof are provided. The washing machine may include a door rotatably coupled to a cabinet, and a door ring positioned on the cabinet at an external circumference of the door to reinforce a rigidity of the cabinet and to improve an external appearance of the washing machine.

Abstract: A display device includes an insulation substrate, a source electrode and a drain electrode disposed on the insulation substrate and distanced from each other and including a channel area interposed therebetween, a wall exposing portions of the source electrode and the drain electrode, and defining an opening area surrounding the channel area, and an organic semiconductor layer covering the channel area, and comprising a first sub layer and a second sub layer having different grain sizes.