Abstract: Disclosed is an algorithm for dynamically changing an RTS threshold, which is a threshold for RTS-CTS frame exchange, depending on the traffic load in the BSS so as to maximize the MAC throughput of an IEEE 802.11 wireless LAN system. The present invention defines a new performance index based on the total time taken to transmit a frame and the time taken to successfully transmit a data frame. The RTS threshold is dynamically increased/decreased in a predefined range depending on the change in the new performance index.

Abstract: A structure for supporting a sign board is disclosed. The structure includes: a post clamp having a pair of arched clamping bands which are hingedly coupled and joined to each other by a fastening element, at least one clamping band having a pillar; a hanger having a socket pipe joined to the pillar of the post clamp, a support bar inserted into the socket pipe and joined by a fastening element, the support bar having an axial coupling groove; at least one connector having a first coupling plate with a coupling bulge adapted to be fitted into the coupling groove of the support bar and with a first arched hinge holder, and a second coupling plate coupled to the first coupling plate having a second arched hinge holder; and a sign board having a coupling bulge and a guide slot through which the hinge holders of the connector pass.

Abstract: Disclosed is a memory device including self-ID information. The memory device has a storage unit for storing information related to the memory device, such as a manufacturing factory, a manufacturing date, a wafer number, coordinates on a wafer and the like. Each bank of the memory device stores self-ID information related to the memory device and outputs the self-ID information out of a chip when an address is applied thereto during a test mode.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for improving the yield and reducing the cost of forming a semiconductor device assembly. An interposer substrate is formed with interconnections in the form of conductive bumps on both a first surface and a second surface to provide a respective first level interconnect and a second level interconnect for a semiconductor die to be mounted to the interposer substrate. The conductive bumps and conductive elements may be formed simultaneously by a plating process. The conductive bumps on the first surface are arranged to correspond with bond pads of a semiconductor die for the first level interconnect. The conductive bumps on the second surface are configured to correspond with a terminal pad pattern of a carrier substrate or other higher-level packaging.

Abstract: A heat sink (200) for a portable computer (100) includes a plurality of fins (210) located external to the portable computer, a conducting plate (230) extending into an inner space of the portable computer for absorbing heat in the portable computer, and a heat pipe (220) transferring the heat absorbed by the conducting plate to the fins. Therefore, the heat in the portable computer is removed from the inner space of the portable computer by the heat sink.

Abstract: An apparatus for testing an operation of a semiconductor memory device having a plurality of banks in a compress test mode includes an internal address generator for receiving an external bank address and generating internal bank addresses in response to a bank interleaving test signal; a read operation testing block for receiving the internal bank addresses and testing a read operation of the semiconductor memory device in response to the bank interleaving test signal; and a write operation testing block for receiving the internal bank addresses and testing a write operation of the semiconductor memory device.

Abstract: Methods for forming semiconductor devices are provided. A semiconductor substrate is etched such that the semiconductor substrate defines a trench and a preliminary active pattern. The trench has a floor and a sidewall. An insulating layer is provided on the floor and the sidewall of the trench and a spacer is formed on the insulating layer such that the spacer is on the sidewall of the trench and on a portion of the floor of the trench. The insulating layer is removed on the floor of the trench and beneath the spacer such that a portion of the floor of the trench is at least partially exposed, the spacer is spaced apart from the floor of the trench and a portion of the preliminary active pattern is partially exposed. A portion of the exposed portion of the preliminary active pattern is partially removed to provide an active pattern that defines a recessed portion beneath the spacer. A buried insulating layer is formed in the recessed portion of the active pattern. Related devices are also provided.

Abstract: A bubble-ink jet print head includes: a substrate having ink chambers to store ink and resistance heat emitting bodies to heat ink disposed thereover; and an ink supply passage which penetrates the substrate and which is connected with the ink chambers. The ink supply passage includes: a first trench formed at a first surface of the substrate in a first pattern having a separating distance from at least one of inlets of the ink chambers and connecting portions between the adjacent ink chambers, the first surface of the substrate having the ink chambers disposed thereover, and a second trench formed at a second surface of the substrate in a second pattern, having one of an area equal to and an area smaller than that of the first trench in the range of the first pattern of the first trench, and in communication with the first trench.

Abstract: A paper feeding unit of an image forming apparatus, which includes: a pickup roller; a first feed roller to feed the paper in a required direction; and a reverse roller to prevent a plurality of sheets of paper from being fed by rotating in an opposite direction to the first feed roller and to separate the paper into individual sheets, wherein the first feed roller has a contact section in contact with the reverse roller and a non-contact section where the first feed roller is apart from the reverse roller and the first feed roller feeds the paper by making a one-time rotation and stops rotating with the non-contact section facing the reverse roller. Since the feed roller and the reverse roller are put apart from each other in a waiting mode, the rollers can be protected from abrasion and paper can be fed smoothly.

Abstract: A bread maker having an oven and a main body accommodating the oven therein, which comprises a base frame in the main body, a main frame disposed above the base frame and forming an oven compartment with a front opening, and a reinforcing member mounted to the main frame to reinforce the main frame. Accordingly, the present invention provides a bread maker in which a main body is securely and stably reinforced and noise is suppressed.

Abstract: An image pick-up lens system includes an aperture stop (10), a biconvex first lens (20), and a meniscus-shaped second lens (30) having a concave surface on a side of an object. The aperture stop, the first lens and the second lens are aligned in that order from the object side to an image side. Each of the lenses has at least one aspheric surface, and the following conditions are satisfied: (1) 0.5<f1/f<0.9, and (2) 1<T/f<1.62, wherein f1 is a focal length of the first lens, f is a focal length of the system, and T is a length from the aperture stop to an image pick-up surface of the image side.

Abstract: A bulb structure of an electrodeless lighting system comprises: a bulb body having an interior space receiving a luminous material emitting light by microwave energy; a bulb support portion integrally extending from one side of the bulb body to communicate with the bulb body, supporting the bulb body, connected to a bulb rotating motor at its one end, and having therein a passage through which the luminous material is injected; and a covering portion formed at an inner communicating portion where the bulb body communicates with the bulb support portion so as to hermetically seal the bulb body, thereby improving light distribution characteristics of the electrodeless lighting system.

Abstract: Non-volatile memory devices and methods for fabricating non-volatile memory devices are disclosed. More specifically, split gate memory devices are provided having frameworks that provide increased floating gate coupling ratios, thereby enabling enhanced programming and erasing efficiency and performance.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of fabricating a high temperature superconducting film in a vacuum chamber through auxiliary cluster beam spraying using an evaporation method, wherein a high temperature superconducting material is deposited on a substrate in a vapor state by evaporating the high temperature superconducting material, and at the same time, a cluster beam material is formed into gas atoms by heating the cluster beam material charged in a housing, and the formed gas atoms pass through a nozzle of an inlet of the housing and then are sprayed and grown on the substrate in the form of the cluster beam, thereby forming pinning centers in the high temperature superconducting film.

Abstract: A washing machine wherein the structure of a door to open and close a laundry inlet hole formed at the upper part of a housing is improved. The door includes front and rear door parts hingedly coupled with each other. The front door part has a front-to-rear length less than that of the rear door part. Consequently, when the door is opened, the front door part is folded to the rear door part and the lower end of the front door part is located at the upper part of the rear door part. The rear door part has a see-through portion, through which the interior of the housing is seen while the door is closed.

Abstract: Methods of fabricating a semiconductor device are provided. A semiconductor substrate is provided that includes a single crystalline structure within at least a defined region thereof. A thin layer is formed on the semiconductor substrate. The thin layer is patterned to form a plurality of spaced apart field structures and to expose therebetween portions of the semiconductor substrate having the single crystalline structure. A non-crystalline layer is formed on the exposed portions of the semiconductor substrate having the single crystalline structure. The non-crystalline layer is planarized to expose upper surfaces of the field structures and define non-crystalline active structures from the non-crystalline layer between the field structures. A laser beam is generated that heats the non-crystalline active structures to change them into single crystalline active structures having substantially the same single crystalline structure as the defined region of the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A dish washing machine capable of controlling the amount of wash water used based on the quantity of dishes and preventing a drop of the injection pressure of the wash water. The dish washing machine includes a washing tub, main nozzles disposed in the washing tub to constantly inject wash water when washing dishes, a sub nozzle disposed in the washing tub to selectively inject wash water when washing dishes, a sump mounted in the wash tub, a main channel disposed in the sump, the main channel being connected with the main nozzles, a sub channel disposed in the sump while being separated from the main channel and connected to the sub nozzle, and a channel control valve disposed in the sub channel to intermit a flow of wash water flowing to the sub nozzle.

Abstract: An apparatus, a method, and a medium for retrieving a photo based on spatial information. The apparatus for retrieving a photo includes: a spatial information extractor to extract spatial information and a photo from photo data; a map range mapper to map the extracted spatial information and a map range corresponding to the spatial information; a spatial range query processor to process a spatial range query; a spatial indexer to perform spatial indexing of mapping information; and a retrieval result output unit to retrieve the photo associated with the spatial range query through the spatial indexing, and to output the retrieved photo to a display unit to display the retrieved photo.