Abstract: An inkjet printhead and a method of manufacturing the inkjet printhead. The inkjet printhead includes a substrate including a trench formed to a predetermined depth in an upper portion of the substrate and an ink feed hole formed through a bottom surface of the trench to supply ink, an etch stop layer formed of a metal and formed on an inner surface of the trench, a plurality of heaters, to create bubbles by heating ink, formed on the substrate, a plurality of electrodes, to apply a current to the plurality of heaters, formed on the substrate, a chamber layer stacked on the substrate and including a plurality of ink chambers formed above respective heaters to receive ink from the ink feed hole via the trench, and a nozzle layer stacked on the chamber layer and including a plurality of nozzles to eject ink from the plurality of ink chambers.

Abstract: A display substrate, a method of fabricating the same, and a liquid crystal display apparatus having the same. The display substrate includes a storage electrode extending over first and second areas formed on a substrate, a insulating layer pattern formed on the storage electrode, and first and second pixel electrodes formed on the insulating layer pattern. At least one of the first and second pixel electrodes has at least one recess. The insulating layer pattern has first and second openings formed in the first and second areas corresponding to the storage electrode. Accordingly, electric short circuits between the first and second pixel electrodes is prevented due to the recess or the openings during the manufacturing process for the first and second pixel electrodes.

Abstract: An automatic chlorophyll analyzer and an analytical method for measuring fluorescence of chlorophyll after automatic processes of sample filtration and pigment extraction is disclosed, wherein the analyzer comprises: a flow path for fluid transfer; a multi-port valve for selectively connecting one of its ports with the said flow path; a filter for separating particulate materials from water sample and chlorophyll extract; a detector for measuring the fluorescence of chlorophyll extract; a syringe pump for picking up or dispensing the water sample; and a 4-port valve connected to the said syringe for selecting and switching flow paths.

Abstract: A method and apparatus estimating a position of a moving robot are provided. The method includes receiving a primary signal and a secondary signal transmitted from a predetermined signal transmitter using a sensor, on a moving robot, that receives the primary signal and three or more sensors that receive the secondary signal; calculating a transmission distance from a sensor that receives the secondary signal using time information extracted from the primary signal; and calculating a position of the signal transmitter from the distance, wherein the secondary signal comprises first and second secondary signals and each sensor that senses the secondary signal determines whether to amplify the second secondary signal based on the result of the measurement of the first secondary signal.

Abstract: In a backlight assembly and an LCD apparatus including the same, a backlight assembly includes a lamp unit, a light guide plate and a receiving container. The lamp unit includes a lamp, a porosity lamp holder having a plurality of pores, and a lamp cover combined with the porosity lamp holder and surrounding the lamp. The light guide plate guides the light of the lamp unit. The receiving container receives the lamp unit and the light guide plate. The porosity lamp holder includes a porosity portion including the pores and a surface portion surrounding the porosity portion. A diameter size of the pores is between about 10 ?m to about 50 ?m.

Abstract: Disclosed is a signal constructing method according to an adaptive packet format in a MIMO-WLAN (Multi-input multi-output Wireless LAN) system. A method is used to construct a plurality of signals in a MIMO-WLAN, with transmitting a data packet as a plurality of signals via a plurality of antennas. The method includes the steps of: constructing a data packet to include a preamble for packet transmission, an additional information region for data packet transmission in MIMO-WLAN system, and a service data unit; distributing data of the preamble to at least one of the plurality of signals; distributing data of the additional information region to at least one of the plurality of signals; and distributing data of the service data unit to at least one of the plurality of signals. The method is compatible with existing wireless LAN technology standard mode, and also provides high-speed data transmission rate.

Abstract: A photo process apparatus including: a loading/unloading unit that loads and unloads a substrate; a coating line that coats photoresist on the substrate; an exposure line that exposes the photoresist coated on the substrate; a development line that develops the exposed substrate; and a transferring line that temporarily stores the substrate coated with the photoresist and loads the substrate coated with the photoresist to the exposure line and temporarily stores the exposed substrate and loads the exposed substrate to the development line.

Abstract: The invention provides a locking device for a folding seat in a vehicle. The locking device includes: a locking plate connected to a first side of a seat frame of the rear seat by a rotating axis; an operating cable one end of which is connected to a center portion of the locking plate by a rotating axis so as to rotate the locking plate; a return spring in which a first end is connected to the locking plate and the second end of which is connected to a leg frame of the rear seat, thereby applying a force; a hooking indentation formed at a lower portion of the locking plate and; a locking pin fixedly installed to the leg frame of the rear seat and configured to be able to be inserted into the hooking indentation so as to be hooked by the hooking indentation.

Abstract: Provided a method and an apparatus for growing high-quality GaN bulk single crystals without causing cracks. The method of growing GaN bulk single crystals includes providing a susceptor in a reaction chamber, providing a seed-accommodating portion having a given depth on an upper surface of the susceptor, providing GaN seeds on a bottom surface of the seed-accommodating portion so that only an upper surface of the GaN seeds is exposed, growing GaN bulk single crystals on the GaN seeds; and cooling the grown GaN bulk single crystals and separating the GaN bulk single crystals from the seed-accommodating portion.

Abstract: A cutting element for a drill bit that includes an outer support element having at least a bottom portion and a side portion; and an inner rotatable cutting element, a portion of which is disposed in the outer support element, wherin the inner rotatable cutting element includes a substrate and a diamond cutting face having a thickness of at least 0.050 inches disposed on an upper surface of the substrate; and wherein a distance from an upper surface of the diamond cutting face to a bearing surface between the inner rotatable cutting element and the outer support element ranges from 0 to about 0.300 inches is disclosed.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device comprises a local sense amplifier connected between a bit line sense amplifier and a current sensing type input/output (IO) sense amplifier. The bit line sense amplifier is connected between a bit line pair, the bit line pair is connected to a local data IO pair, and the local data IO pair is connected to a global data IO pair via a pair of switching circuits. During a read operation of the semiconductor memory device, the local data IO pair remains connected to the global data IO pair.

Abstract: Embodiments of this disclosure include a method and apparatus of dynamic spectrum allocation in coexisting heterogeneous wireless networks. A Mobile Station (MS) detects its own serving Access Point (AP) and a coexisting AP (cAP) of the serving AP, sends to the serving AP a service request message carrying a bandwidth demand and a cAP ID. The serving AP sends to a Dynamic Spectrum Allocation Module (DSAM) a spectrum request message carrying its own AP ID, the cAP ID and the spectrum demand. The DSAM allocates the spectrum dynamically using a dynamic spectrum allocation algorithm according to the spectrum demand, AP ID and cAP ID, and sends a spectrum allocation result to the serving AP, which allocates an appropriate bandwidth to the MS according to the spectrum allocation result. Thus, sharing spectrum dynamically between multiple coexisting wireless networks can be achieved, and spectrum utilization can be improved.

Abstract: An in vitro method of producing stem cells with potential to develop into cardiovascular myocytes is disclosed which comprises culturing myogenic stem cells obtained from the stromal or mesenchymal compartment of adult adipose tissue in a medium that favors myogenic development of the cells. These myogenic stem cells highly express telomerase and myocardin. A composition comprising fat-derived myogenic stem cells and/or differentiated cardiovascular myocytes and a method for treating a mammalian subject suffering from a cardiovascular disorder are also disclosed.

Abstract: A plasma display and a driving device therefor. In a sustain discharge driving circuit that includes a power recovery circuit and a sustain voltage supply circuit, a transformer is used. The transformer includes a primary coil and a secondary coil that are coupled with each other. The primary coil of the transformer is connected in parallel to a panel capacitor serving as a capacitive load so as to increase a change of a voltage that is applied to an inductor, such that a voltage rising period and a voltage falling period are reduced. With the reduction of the turn-on time of a switch, the power consumption of the switch is reduced. Further, as the inductor initially stores current, the occurrence of hard switching is reduced when a sustain discharge voltage is applied and elements of the circuit are protected.

Abstract: Embodiments of a digital-to-analog converter are disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of managing a search term inputted to a search server. The method includes maintaining a search pocket database for storing a first search term associated with a user, the first search term received from the user when the user is authenticated, receiving at least one second search term from the user when the user is not authenticated, and storing the second search term in a user terminal associated with the user, in a temporary file. The method further includes providing the second search term to the user by referring to the temporary file when the state of the user is changed from the unauthenticated state to the authenticated state, selecting at least one certain search term from the at least one second search term, according to the user's selection, and storing and managing the selected at least one certain search term in the search pocket database together with the first search term.

Abstract: A current-mode sensing structure used in a high-density multiple-port register in logic processing and a method for the same are proposed. First, a reference current is defined by a dummy word line of a dummy cell and output. A multiple-port register file cell is then used to send out a select signal of “0” or “1” and output a cell current according to the select signal and the reference current. Finally, the cell current and the reference current are sent to a current comparator amplifier, which senses and outputs a difference value between the cell current and the reference current to perform session at once (SAO) recording. Because the difference value has only two possibilities: the reference current or its negative, the sensing time of the current comparator amplifier can be shortened.

Abstract: A first example embodiment provides a method of removing first spacers from gates and incorporating a low-k material into the ILD layer to increase device performance. A second example embodiment comprises replacing the first spacers after silicidation with low-k spacers. This serves to reduce the parasitic capacitances. Also, by implementing the low-k spacers only after silicidation, the embodiments' low-k spacers are not compromised by multiple high dose ion implantations and resist strip steps. The example embodiments can improve device performance, such as the performance of a rim oscillator.

Abstract: An on die thermal sensor (ODTS) of a semiconductor memory device includes a high voltage generating unit for generating a high voltage having a voltage level higher than that of a power supply voltage of the semiconductor memory device; and a thermal information output unit for sensing and outputting a temperature as a thermal information code, wherein the thermal information output unit uses the high voltage as its driving voltage.

Abstract: A narrow band x-ray filter can include: a substrate; and a sheaf of one or more reflection units stacked upon each other on the substrate. Each reflection unit can include: a first set of at least two discrete spacers on a respective underlying structures, a reflector disposed on the first set of spacers so as to form a void between the respective underlying structure and the reflector; and a first set of at least two discrete shims disposed on the first set of at least two spacers, each shim being at least substantially the same thickness as the reflector. A first device to produce a narrow band x-ray beam may include such a filter or an x-ray telescope. A second device to make an x-ray image of a subject may include the first device.