Abstract: Provided is an internal voltage generator for preventing an occurrence of leakage current while a charge pumping is not performed. The internal voltage generator includes: a charge pumping unit for pumping an external voltage to generate a high voltage higher than the external voltage; a level detecting unit for detecting a level drop of the high voltage with respect to a reference voltage and outputting a detection signal; an oscillating unit for generating an oscillation signal in response to the detection signal; a pumping control signal generating unit for controlling a driving of the charge pumping unit in response to the oscillation signal; and a charge pump controlling unit for precharging the charge pumping unit in response to the detection signal.

Abstract: A process for increasing the production of benzene from a hydrocarbon mixture. A process for producing an aromatic hydrocarbon mixture and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) from a hydrocarbon mixture, and a solvent extraction process for separating and recovering polar hydrocarbons from a hydrocarbon mixture containing polar hydrocarbons (that is, aromatic hydrocarbons) and nonpolar hydrocarbons (that is, non-aromatic hydrocarbons) are integrated, thereby it is possible to increase the production of benzene.

Abstract: A spring activated energy transducer is provided. The energy transducer of the current invention generates alternating current (A/C) electricity from abundant external natural forces. The energy transducer is comprised of an upper part and a lower part. The upper part is comprised of a housing, a helix metal spring, a first circular board, a second circular board, pluralities of permanent magnets embedded to the second circular board, a third circular board with pluralities of permanent magnets facing the permanent magnets embedded in the second circular board with same magnetic pole, an upper metal shaft welded to the third circular board, four arc-shaped springs welded to the third circular board, and four wheel sets rotatably attached to one end of the spring.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent device and methodology of fabricating the same includes first and second substrates facing and spaced apart from each other, the first and second substrates having a display region and a peripheral region, the display region including a plurality of pixel regions and a dummy pixel region; driving thin film transistors respectively adjacent to each of the plurality of pixel regions on the inner surface of the first substrate; first connection electrodes respectively connected to the driving thin film transistors; a first electrode on an entire inner surface of the second substrate; a sidewall on the first electrode at a boundary of each of the plurality of pixel regions and the dummy pixel region; an organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode; second electrodes on the organic electroluminescent layer so that a second electrode is present in each of the plurality of pixel regions and the dummy pixel region, respectively, the second electrodes in each of the plurality o

Abstract: Disclosed is a timing generator of panel display and polarity arrangement control signal generation method therefor. The timing generator comprises a storage unit for storing a plurality of sets of polarity data and corresponding PAC signals, an operation unit for receiving display data, the sets of polarity data, and a corresponding PAC signal so that the operation unit can perform an inner product operation with respect to the polarity data and the display data for obtaining a sum of coupling voltages, and a comparison unit for comparing the sum of coupling voltages with a predetermined value, and outputting the PAC signal corresponding to the polarity data to a data driver if the sum of coupling voltages is smaller than the predetermined value.

Abstract: A system and process is described for estimating the location of a speaker using signals output by a microphone array characterized by multiple pairs of audio sensors. The location of a speaker is estimated by first determining whether the signal data contains human speech components and filtering out noise attributable to stationary sources. The location of the person speaking is then estimated using a time-delay-of-arrival based SSL technique on those parts of the data determined to contain human speech components. A consensus location for the speaker is computed from the individual location estimates associated with each pair of microphone array audio sensors taking into consideration the uncertainty of each estimate. A final consensus location is also computed from the individual consensus locations computed over a prescribed number of sampling periods using a temporal filtering technique.

Abstract: Bonding pad(s) for a printed circuit board with circuit patterns are provided. The bonding pad(s) include a plurality of copper patterns formed on the PCB and electrically connected to the circuit patterns, a filler filled between the copper patterns such that an upper surface of the copper pattern is exposed, and a plating layer applied at an upper surface of the copper patterns. An interval between wire bonding pad(s) is reduced by preventing a nickel plating layer and a gold plating layer from protruding at a lower portion of a copper pattern when they are formed on the copper patterns.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a tunable wavelength optical transmission module, the wavelength of which can be tuned over the wide wavelength region of a C band and which can be implemented at a low price and, thus, can be applied to an optical network terminal. Bragg gratings having different grating periods are arranged in parallel or series and the temperatures of Bragg grating regions are then controlled, so that the wavelength of an optical signal can be tuned over a wide wavelength range through the small variation in temperature.

Abstract: The invention provides methods and systems for alkylating a paraffinic feed stream in a microchannel utilizing the staged addition of olefin.

Abstract: A refrigerator having a shaved ice discharger to discharge shaved ice produced within the refrigerator to an outside of the refrigerator. The refrigerator includes a body having a freezing compartment defined therein, a freezing compartment door to open and close the freezing compartment, a shaved-ice maker positioned in the freezing compartment to produce shaved ice, a shaved ice discharge port to discharge the shaved ice produced by the shaved-ice maker to the outside of the refrigerator, and a shaved ice discharger to open the shaved ice discharge port for a predetermined time. The shaved ice discharger maintains an open state of the shaved ice discharge port for the predetermined time therefore, it is not necessary to continuously apply external force to the lever, and convenience in use of the shaved-ice maker is improved.

Abstract: An apparatus, method and medium detecting landmarks with a mobile device. The apparatus includes a storage unit to store rules of landmarks that correspond to connection relations among items representing a user's living patterns, an analysis unit to statistically analyze the collected log information representing a current living pattern of the user, a landmark probability inferring unit to infer in probability the landmarks according to the analyzed log information based on the stored rules, and a landmark selection unit to select a final landmark by mutually analyzing the stored rules and the inferred landmarks.

Abstract: A dishwasher is provided. The dishwasher includes a tub, a sump, and a sealing member. The tub includes a washing space, and the sump is coupled to a lower portion of the tub. The sealing member is interposed between the tub and the sump, and includes a protrusion contacting one of the tub and the sump to prevent a washing water leakage.

Abstract: The embodiments of the present invention provide a method for processing session, which includes: obtaining a session request for requesting a session between a calling user and a called user, wherein the session request contains first charging information and is from a first communication unit; obtaining second charging information from a second communication unit; generating a result according to the first charging information and the second charging information; processing the session according to the result. The embodiments of the present invention also provide a device for processing session. In the embodiments of the present invention, a user may conveniently control a rate, duration and fee of a session.

Abstract: A method of creating a reflection effect in an image includes choosing an observer viewpoint; interpolating selected pixels in the image to generate reflection pixels based on the observer viewpoint; and generating a reconstructed image using the selected pixels and the reflection pixels to create the reflection effect.

Abstract: There is provided a surface light source comprising a plurality of discharge channels, in which each end of the outermost discharge channel is expanded towards a sealing part. At least one of the plurality of discharge channels may include a curved surface part and a flat surface part on a top surface thereof. Both ends of the discharge channel may be formed to be higher than a middle portion thereof, and the discharge channels may be formed to be different in height. Accordingly, the discharge characteristic is improved and bad luminance uniformity is solved by variously changing the shape of the discharge channel forming the discharge space in a surface light source. Furthermore, the present invention solves the problems, such as failure in lighting at low temperature, channeling between adjacent channels, and maintains the quality of molded products.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for detecting channel quality in a mobile communication system are provided. The method includes detecting a channel quality of a first channel quality detection period using a reference value of a reference signal; determining whether a reference value can be measured in a second channel quality detection period being one of a plurality of channel quality detection periods following the first channel quality detection period; and detecting a channel quality of the second channel quality detection period according to the determination.

Abstract: A spring activated energy transducer is provided. The energy transducer of the current invention generates alternating current (A/C) electricity from abundant external natural forces. The energy transducer is comprised of an upper part and a lower part. The upper part is comprised of a housing, a helix metal spring, a first circular board, a second circular board with a short metal shaft, a ball bearing engaged to the short metal shaft, a third circular board with a groove to receive metal bearing balls, an upper metal shaft welded to the bottom of the third circular board, four arc-shaped springs welded to the bottom of the third circular board, and four sets of wheels rotatably attached to one end of the spring. The lower part is comprised of a housing, a lower metal shaft, a fourth circular board placed on the upper end of the lower part, bundles of electric wire, pluralities of permanent magnets, and a fifth circular board placed at the lower end of the lower part.