Abstract: Provided are a receiver and a transceiver for multi-level current-mode signaling, which together may reduce the number of bus lines and increase a data bandwidth. A transmitter transmits one reference current and a multi-level data current. On the basis of the reference current signal received from the transmitter, a receiver generates plural internal reference currents for determining the multi-level data current received from the transmitter, and converting the received multi-level data current into a data voltage having the desired level corresponding to the data that was transmitted.

Abstract: A reflective liquid crystal display includes a linear polarizer for converting natural light into linearly polarized light; a retardation film for converting the linearly polarized light into circularly polarized light; a liquid crystal layer for varying the phase of the light differently depending on the presence or absence of an electric field; a cholesteric liquid crystal color filter for selectively reflecting light received from the liquid crystal layer; and a black background for absorbing light passing through the color filter.

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus inhibitors are disclosed having the general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R?, B, Y and X are described in the description. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.

Abstract: A waveguide PIN photodiode is provided. The waveguide PIN photodiode includes a lower light guide layer, a light absorption layer, an upper light guide layer, and a cladding layer. The lower light guide is formed on a substrate, and the light absorption layer is formed on the lower light guide layer. The upper light guide layer is formed on the light absorption layer, and the cladding layer is formed on the upper light guide layer. The lower light guide layer, the light absorption layer, and the upper light guide layer constitute a core layer, which is an optical waveguide, and graded index distribution is symmetrically formed in a depth direction, centering around the light absorption layer having a highest refractive index.

Abstract: Multi-type air conditioner comprising an outdoor unit installed in an outdoor, comprising a compressor, a refrigerant flow controlling part connected to a discharge end of the compressor for guiding the refrigerant proper to operation conditions selectively, an outdoor heat exchanger connected to the refrigerant flow controlling part, a defrosting device at a side of the outdoor heat exchanger, and a piping system connected between the parts, a plurality of indoor units each installed in a room and having an indoor heat exchanger and an electronic expansion valve having one end connected to one end of the indoor heat exchanger, and a distributor between the outdoor unit and the indoor units for selectively guiding refrigerant from the outdoor unit to the plurality of indoor units proper to operation conditions, and guiding the refrigerant passed through the indoor units to the outdoor unit again.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a file construction for mobile communication device including an execution segment in form of machine language codes and a file execution method using the same, whereby a file in accordance with the present invention comprises a header, a file execution segment formed in machine language codes, and a resource segment to be selected by languages; wherein the header includes data for performing one or more of the functions of: 1) verifying reliability/validity of the file, 2) restricting use of the file (by period of the use, by times of the use), and 3) automatic updating of the file.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes at least one data transmission block including data I/O pads arranged in a major-axis side of the semiconductor memory device; a command and address transmission block including address and command input pads arranged in at least one minor-axis side of the semiconductor memory device; a global line block, arranged in a center of the semiconductor memory device, for transmitting inputted command and address; and at least one bank area, arranged between the global line block and the data transmission block, each bank area containing plural data I/O blocks located in a side of the data transmission block and plural control blocks located in a side of the global line block.

Abstract: An organic electroluminescent display device includes first and second substrates bonded together, the first and second substrates having a plurality of pixel regions, a plurality of driving elements on an inner surface of the first substrate within each of the plurality of pixel regions, a plurality of connection electrodes contacting the driving elements, a black matrix on an inner surface of the second substrate at a boundary of each of the plurality of pixel regions, a color filter layer including red, green, and blue color filters on the inner surface of the second substrate, each of the red, green, and blue color filters corresponding to each of the plurality of pixel regions, a first electrode on the black matrix and the color filter layer, an organic electroluminescent layer on the first electrode, and at least one second electrode on the organic electroluminescent layer, wherein the at least one second electrode contacts the connection electrodes.

Abstract: A structure and method of fabrication of a semiconductor device having a stress relief layer under a stress layer in one region of a substrate. In a first example, a stress relief layer is formed over a first region of the substrate (e.g., PFET region) and not over a second region (e.g., NFET region). A stress layer is over the stress relief layer in the first region and over the devices and substrate/silicide in the second region. The NFET transistor performance is enhanced due to the overall tensile stress in the NFET channel while the degradation in the PFET transistor performance is reduced/eliminated due to the inclusion of the stress relief layer. In a second example embodiment, the stress relief layer is formed over the second region, but not the first region and the stress of the stress layer is reversed.

Abstract: A battery module includes a plurality of unit batteries and barriers which are interposed between the unit batteries. The barriers have front surfaces which contact the unit batteries and which are curved to bend elastically. The barriers have side surfaces which interconnect the front surfaces, and which have pathways through which a heat transfer medium flows. Connecting rods and nuts interconnect end plates of the battery module so as to press the unit batteries and the barriers together.

Abstract: Provided are a data transmitting and receiving method for a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication system, and a transmitter and a receiver using the method. Accordingly, since precoding matrices of a codebook is constituted using a rotation matrix, expansion of the codebook is easy, and since each of the precoding matrices is determined according to the number of transmit antennas, the codebook is systematically created according to a system. In addition the codebook can be applied to even a correlated channel, and the minimum distance between precoding matrices can advantageously be maximized.

Abstract: There is disclosed a self-calibrating resistor-capacitor (RC) oscillator in which a resistor has a resistance value varied minimally by temperature change and process variation, a capacitor has a capacitance value selected adequately according to needs, and the resistor and capacitor are configurable as a one-chip by a complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. The self-calibrating RC oscillator comprises a resistor part including a first resistor having a resistance value reduced with increase in temperature and a second resistor connected in series with the first resistor and having a resistance value increasing with increase in temperature.

Abstract: Infrared control signals are repeated and communicated in a system including a source device and a sink device that are communicatively coupled by a serial communication link that includes a forward channel and a backward channel. Modulated infrared remote control data is detected by an infrared detector without de-modulation, and sampled in modulated form. Sampled data corresponding to the modulated remote control signal is transmitted from the sink device to the source device over the serial communication link, which in one example is a single optical fiber. The source device receives the sampled data and regenerates the infrared control data, which is then used to control the operation of the source device.

Abstract: The peeling stress between a Cu line and a capping layer thereon, after via patterning, is reduced by varying the shape of the via and positioning the via to increase the space between the via and the line edge, thereby increasing electromigration lifetime. Embodiments include varying the shape of the via, as by forming an oval or rectangular shape via, such that the ratio of the minor axis of the oval to the line with or the ratio of the width of the rectangle to the line width is less than about 0.7.

Abstract: A polarizing plate includes a base substrate, a conductive lattice pattern and a light absorbing pattern. The base substrate has a first surface and a second surface located opposite to the first surface. The conductive lattice pattern is formed on the first surface in a stripe arrangement. The conductive lattice pattern reflects and/or polarizes light incident on the conductive lattice pattern. The light absorbing pattern is formed on the first surface and corresponds to the conductive lattice pattern. The light absorbing pattern absorbs at least a portion of light reflected on an arbitrary interface after being polarized by the conductive lattice pattern. Thus, an undesired polarization component of a light exiting through a polarizing plate may be reduced, thereby increasing a contrast ratio of a display panel.

Abstract: An apparatus of processing a substrate includes a chamber, a susceptor in the chamber, a plasma-generating unit for generating plasma in the chamber, a power source unit providing power to the plasma-generating unit, and ground lines connected to peripheries of the susceptor, wherein a ratio of a total width of the ground lines to a perimeter of the susceptor is within a range of 2% to 15%.

Abstract: A lamp fixing unit capable of simplifying the manufacture of a backlight assembly by eliminating the need for manual procedures is presented. The lamp fixing unit includes a fixing member and a lamp holder. The fixing member includes a fixing body and at least one receiving portion. The lamp holder includes a holder body and a conductive socket. The holder body includes a board insertion portion, a power supply member, and a lamp fixing member. Thus, the power supply member may be easily coupled to and uncoupled from the lamp holder, and the lamp may be easily grounded.

Abstract: Disclosed is a location-based community service provision system for setting a plurality of main arenas by dividing a geographical area in a regional unit, setting and storing one or more virtual spatial locations, the one or more virtual spatial locations being a projection of real spatial public locations, as spots in one of the main arenas, receiving information on posts registered in spots transmitted through a mobile terminal by providing one or more pieces of information on the spots belonging to the main arena from information on a location of the mobile terminal to the mobile terminal, and storing the received information on posts with a link with the spots.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for driving a liquid crystal display to improve the quality of moving pictures are provided. The apparatus includes a transition check unit that determines whether an input image signal between a first frame and a second frame has changed and whether an input image signal between the second frame and a third frame has changed; an overdrive control unit that overdrives the input image signal in the second frame in an overdrive direction if the transition check unit determines that the input image signal between the first and second frames has changed, wherein the overdrive direction is one of an upper direction and lower direction; and an overdrive compensation unit that changes the input image signal in the third frame in an opposite direction to the overdrive direction if the transition check unit determines that the input image signal between the second and third frames has not changed.

Abstract: A method for controlling charge and discharge amounts of a main battery for a hybrid car includes receiving signals from the main battery, a driving motor, and an inverter system; and controlling charge and discharge amounts of the main battery through adjusting and learning a scale factor of the main battery in conformity with a driver's driving pattern so that a state of charge is administrated in a normal zone. A system for controlling charge and discharge amounts of a main battery for a hybrid car includes a main battery; a driving motor; an inverter system; and a hybrid control unit receiving signals from the battery, motor, and inverter system, and controlling charge and discharge amounts of the main battery through adjusting and learning a scale factor of the main battery in conformity with a driver's driving pattern so that a state of charge is administrated in a normal zone.