Abstract: An engine control method for heating of a hybrid electric vehicle, includes collecting information for air conditioning control by a sensor during an operation of a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) device in the hybrid electric vehicle in which forced engine driving for heating is performed, determining whether a condition that requires pre-engine driving as driving in a separate mode from forced engine driving is satisfied based on the collected information, upon determining that the condition that requires the pre-engine driving is required is satisfied, determining whether a condition for allowing the pre-engine driving is satisfied based on engine efficiency and hybrid system efficiency information, and upon determining that the condition for allowing the pre-engine driving is satisfied, performing the pre-engine driving for driving an engine to manage engine coolant temperature.

Abstract: Method for diagnosing a pneumatic control valve by using a positioner model includes: establishing relational expression for outputting valve stem displacement according to control pressure, the relational expression including parameters for the characteristics of a positioner, an actuator, and a valve, determining initial parameter value by adjusting the values of the parameters until the difference between a measured value for a normal operation of the pneumatic control valve and output value obtained by the relational expression is smaller than predetermined error limit, determining diagnostic parameter value by adjusting the values of the parameters until the difference between a measured value for a diagnostic operation of the pneumatic control valve and an output value obtained by the relational expression is smaller than a predetermined error limit, and comparing the initial parameter value and the diagnostic parameter value so as to determine whether the pneumatic control valve has abnormality.

Abstract: A method for turbocharger key-off cooling control may include performing turbocharger key-off cooling control based on engine load for circulating engine coolant to a turbocharger cooling line when high cooling performance of a vehicle is checked by a coolant temperature and an oil temperature at which a turbocharger controller does not require operation of an auxiliary electric water pump when an engine is stopped.

Abstract: A communication terminal includes a transceiver to receive first touch information from a counterpart terminal, the first touch information having coordinate information of a touch input inputted by a user of the counterpart terminal, the coordinate information being identified based on a coordinate of the touch input on an image displayed on the counterpart terminal. An image signal processor of the communication terminal controls the first touch information to be displayed on a display of the communication terminal, and controls image information corresponding to the image displayed on the counterpart terminal to be displayed on the display in association with the first touch information, and controls the first touch information to be displayed on the image information.

Abstract: A method of providing a synchronization signal to at least one small cell includes receiving a synchronization reference signal; extracting a synchronization signal from the synchronization reference signal; generating a network listening (NL) synchronization signal based on the synchronization signal; and transmitting the NL synchronization signal for reception by the at least one small cell.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device includes a thin film transistor disposed on a substrate; a passivation layer disposed on the thin film transistor; a plurality of metallic patterns disposed to be spaced apart from each other on the passivation layer; a reflective electrode disposed conforming to the shapes of the plurality of metallic patterns and a top surface of the passivation layer and including a plurality of protruding portions; an overcoat layer disposed on the passivation layer and the reflective electrode and including an opening configured to expose a top surface of each of the plurality of protruding portions; a first electrode disposed on the reflective electrode and the overcoat layer and electrically connected to the reflective electrode; an light-emitting layer disposed on the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on the light-emitting layer.

Abstract: A massive antenna-based pattern/polarization beam division multiple access method and an apparatus performing the same are provided. The massive antenna-based pattern/polarization beam division multiple access method includes generating a plurality of beam sectors for each antenna array by using a plurality of pattern/polarization antenna arrays and performing MIMO transmission in each of the plurality of beam sectors, wherein the plurality of pattern/polarization antenna arrays each have a different radiation pattern.

Abstract: A substrate treating apparatus includes a plurality of conveying rollers arranged in a first direction which is a horizontal direction, and configured to transfer a substrate in the first direction, the substrate being disposed on a plane formed by the first direction and a second direction perpendicular to the first direction, a developer providing nozzle configured to provide a developer onto the substrate to form a developer layer on the substrate, a sensor part for recognizing a position of the substrate, and a vertical moving part configured to move each of the conveying rollers along a third direction which is downward and perpendicular to the first and second directions.

Abstract: A display apparatus including a display which displays content, a communicator configured to communicate with a remote controller and an external device, and a controller. The controller being configured to, upon receiving a control command from the external device, control operation of the display apparatus based on the received control command, control the received control command to be transmitted to the remote controller, and control the communicator to transmit the received control command to the external device through the remote controller.

Abstract: A display device is provided. The display device may include pixels arranged in rows and columns, gate drivers connected to the rows of the pixels through gate lines, source drivers connected to the columns of the pixels through source lines, and a timing controller configured to control the gate drivers and the source drivers. The source driver associated with the specific pixel among the source drives may first supply an overdrive voltage corresponding to a final overdrive value to a source line connected to the specific pixel and then supply a source line voltage corresponding to a current value of the specific pixel to the source line. The overdrive controller may change weight values of at least two overdrive values based on a position of the specific pixel and interpolate the at least two overdrive values.

Abstract: An electronic device includes a circuit board, a semiconductor device package mounted on the circuit board, the semiconductor device package including a package substrate connected to the circuit board, a first semiconductor device and a second semiconductor device mounted side by side on the package substrate, and a molding surrounding a sidewall of the first semiconductor device and a sidewall of the second semiconductor device, the molding not covering a top surface of the first semiconductor device, and a heat dissipation structure on the semiconductor device package, the top surface of the first semiconductor device being in contact with the heat dissipation structure.

Abstract: A motion vector estimation method of a motion vector estimation apparatus are provided. The motion vector estimation method of the motion vector estimation apparatus includes: determining a motion vector of a current block by setting, in another frame, a local search area for searching a plurality of reference pixel blocks corresponding to the current block which is one of pixel blocks in a single frame; and finally determining one of the determined motion vector and a previous motion vector referred to in order to determine the local search area as a motion vector of the current block, based on sum of absolution difference (SAD) values of the reference pixel blocks included in the local search area.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode display device includes a substrate having a plurality of subpixels which each have an emission region and a non-emission region defined along an edge of the emission region. A reflective barrier is disposed to correspond to the non-emission region and includes a reflective side surface. An overcoat layer is disposed on an upper portion of the reflective barrier. A light emitting diode includes a first electrode, an organic light emitting layer, and a second electrode, which are sequentially disposed on the overcoat layer. The reflective side surface of the reflective barrier is inversely tapered such that a width thereof is decreased in a traveling direction of light emitted from the organic light emitting layer.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device includes an overcoat layer on a substrate; a plurality of low-refractive members formed of an inorganic matter and disposed on the overcoat layer; a first electrode on the overcoat layer and the plurality of low-refractive members; a bank layer disposed on the overcoat layer and the first electrode and including an opening configured to expose the first electrode; an emitting layer disposed on the first electrode; and a second electrode disposed on the emitting layer, wherein each of the plurality of low-refractive members includes a first flat surface contacting the first electrode, a second flat surface having an area greater than that of the first flat surface and contacting the overcoat layer and first and second inclined surfaces connecting the first flat surface and the second flat surface, and, wherein a refractive index of each of the plurality of low-refractive members is lower than those of the overcoat layer and the first electrode.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display, and more particularly, to an OLED display having improved light extraction efficiency. According to the present disclosure, since a plurality of holes are formed in a first electrode of a light-emitting diode and a insulating material is disposed in each of the holes, an organic light-emitting layer and a second electrode constitute a microlens, thereby improving light extraction efficiency of the OLED display. As a result, brightness may be improved, and power consumption may be reduced. In particular, since the plurality of holes are formed in the first electrode and the insulating material is disposed in each of the plurality of holes, an interface between the insulating material and the first electrode is decreased, thereby further improving light extraction efficiency.

Abstract: Provided is a micro light emitting diode (LED) structure including an n-type semiconductor substrate layer, a light emitting structure layer formed on the n-type semiconductor substrate layer, and a p-type semiconductor layer formed on the light emitting structure layer, wherein the light emitting structure layer includes an arrangement of light emitting structures in which active layers including In and Ga are formed on tops thereof, wherein the light emitting structure layer forms at least three distinctive regions each including a single light emitting structure or a plurality of light emitting structures, the distinctive regions configured to emit light of at least two different wavelengths, the distinctive regions are is controllable to emit light individually, and the distinctive regions are different in at least one of sizes of base faces, heights, and center-to-center distances of the lighting emitting structures of the regions.

Abstract: An organic light emitting diode (OLED) lighting apparatus includes a substrate including a plurality of emission areas and a plurality of non-emission areas surrounding edges of the plurality of emission areas, an overcoat layer disposed on the substrate and having a first non-flat top surface in at least one of the emission areas and a second non-flat top surface in at least one of the non-emission area, an auxiliary electrode disposed on the second non-flat top surface and including a reflective material, a first electrode disposed on the first non-flat top surface in at least one of the emission areas and disposed on the auxiliary electrode in the non-emission areas, an organic emitting layer on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the organic emitting layer, wherein the auxiliary electrode and the first electrode are in electrical contact with each other.

Abstract: An organic light emitting display device includes a substrate including a white pixel region, a blue color filter pattern in a first region of the white pixel region, an overcoat layer covering the blue color filer pattern and including a micro-lens, a first electrode on the overcoat layer, an organic emitting layer covering the first electrode, and a second electrode covering the organic emitting layer.

Abstract: An electroluminescent display device includes a substrate including an emissive area and a non-emissive area, a plurality of protrusions over the substrate and in the emissive area, each of the plurality of protrusions spaced apart from each other with an air gap therebetween, a high-viscosity material layer on the plurality of protrusions and the air gaps, a first electrode on the high-viscosity material layer, an emitting layer on the first electrode, and a second electrode on the emitting layer.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes a first color filter, a second color filter spaced apart from the first color filter, and a light blocking pattern disposed between the first color filter and the second color filter, and making contact with the first color filter and the second color filter. A thickness of the light blocking pattern is smaller than a thickness of the first color filter or a thickness of the second color filter. An upper surface of the light blocking pattern is lower than an upper surface of the first or second color filter by a first height, and the light blocking pattern does not include a photosensitive material.