Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing a splash shield, in which method a base-portion raw material comprising a plastic, glass fibers, a compatibilizer and rubber is subjected to melt extrusion while at the same time injection molding is performed, and then, without removing the injection-molded article from the injection mold, the injection mold is rotated in the open state, and the injection-molded article is conveyed to a foaming mold and subsequently undergoes flame treatment and a polyurethane foam molding step. A single process in the production method is used for the procedure in which the materials are separately compounded and pelletized and the procedure in which the injection-molded article is molded.

Abstract: A charging apparatus including a charging tube which has an outer surface contacting a photoconductive medium and electrically charges a surface of the photoconductive medium, a shaft which is disposed in the charging tube and to which a charging voltage is applied, and a conductive member which is connected to the shaft and contacts an inner surface of the charging tube. A friction coefficient between the conductive member and the inner surface of the charging tube may be less than a friction coefficient between the photoconductive medium and the outer surface of the charging tube, so that a slip phenomenon of the charging tube is prevented.

Abstract: A video encoding/decoding method and apparatus select a prediction mode set based on neighboring pixels and, in some embodiments, obviate the need to encode additional information for selecting a prediction mode set and thereby improve the performance of compression.

Abstract: The method for encoding data includes: receiving data; determining one quantizer from among a plurality of quantizers having a same quantization step size and different offset values; and transmitting an indicator and a quantized coefficient related to the determined quantizer. The method for decoding data includes: receiving an indicator and a quantized coefficient related to a quantizer; determining one de-quantizer from among a plurality of de-quantizers by using the indicator; and acquiring reconstructed data by de-quantizing the quantized coefficient by using the determined de-quantizer.

Abstract: A toner supply roller of an electrophotographic imaging apparatus and a method of preparing the toner supply roller are provided. The toner supply roller includes a polyurethane foam, and a metal shaft inserted in the polyurethane foam along an axis thereof, wherein the polyurethane foam includes an ion-conductive agent and a binder, and the binder includes a resin having an amide bond. Accordingly, the toner supply roller including polyurethane foam provides an improved toner supply and prevents image defects.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory apparatus may comprise a duty cycle correction circuit configured to perform a duty correction operation with respect to an input clock signal when a delay locked signal is activated, and perform the duty correction operation with respect to the input signal when a precharge signal is activated, to generate a corrected clock signal.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a security system using an automatic meter reading protocol. The security system includes a Device Language Message Specification (DLMS) transmission unit for transmitting security DLMS data that includes security key update information and a first authentication value, and a DLMS reception unit for receiving the security DLMS data, searching the security key update information in the security DLMS data, and generating an updated security key using a second authentication value according to the security key update information. The security system can solve various problems occurring due to the operation of a separate security protocol, and can be easily implemented and managed.

Abstract: Memory devices include a stack of interleaved conductive patterns and insulating patterns disposed on a substrate. A semiconductor pattern passes through the stack of conductive patterns and insulating patterns to contact the substrate, the semiconductor pattern having a graded grain size distribution wherein a mean grain size in a first portion of the semiconductor pattern proximate the substrate is less than a mean grain size in a second portion of the semiconductor pattern further removed from the substrate. The graded grain size distribution may be achieved, for example, by partial laser annealing.

Abstract: According to the present invention, a digital pre-distortion device and method for use in a dynamic spectrum allocation system, which uses a breadband frequency range, such as a cognitive radio (CR) system, are implemented. Also, while as conventional pre-distortion device only enable the linearization of a signal of a fundamental frequency band, the digital pre-distortion device and method according to the present invention enable not only the linearization of a basic signal on frequency fc, but also simultaneously enable the elimination of harmonic signals on the high frequencies of 2fc, 3fc, 4fc, etc. The digital pre-distortion device for a broadband power amplifier according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention comprises: a nonlinear power amplifier; an equivalent amplifier model estimator; N pre-distorters; and a coefficient extractor for extracting the coefficients of the N pre-distorters.

Abstract: A mobile communication device enables improved connectivity and power management. The device includes a first wireless network interface configured for connection to a first network and a second wireless network interface configured for connection to a second network. The first interface has an active mode of operation and a sleep mode. The device places the first interface in the sleep mode when not needed for communications. An external system such as a messaging server calls the device when it is unable to access the device through the first interface. The second network, which can be a cellular network, handles the call request and transmits a ringing signal to the second interface of the device. A notification handler, upon receipt of the ringing signal, wakes the first interface, permitting normal communications through the first interface. Power management logic can be more pro-active in placing the first interface into the sleep mode.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes: an internal clock signal generation unit configured to receive an external clock signal and to generate an internal clock signal in response to a control signal; and a monitoring unit configured to monitor environmental elements reflected in a circuit response to the control signal.

Abstract: In a semiconductor device, and a method of manufacturing thereof, the device includes a substrate of single-crystal semiconductor material extending in a horizontal direction and a plurality of interlayer dielectric layers on the substrate. A plurality of gate patterns are provided, each gate pattern being between a neighboring lower interlayer dielectric layer and a neighboring upper interlayer dielectric layer. A vertical channel of single-crystal semiconductor material extends in a vertical direction through the plurality of interlayer dielectric layers and the plurality of gate patterns, a gate insulating layer being between each gate pattern and the vertical channel that insulates the gate pattern from the vertical channel.

Abstract: According to method of managing and reproducing additional audio files of an interactive optical disc, additional audio data associated with main video data of an optical disc such as an interactive DVD are recorded as a file of a prescribed format. File information about the additional audio data and buffering information thereabout recorded in the file of a prescribed format. An optical disc apparatus interprets the file information and buffering information and then carries out a series of operations storing and reading out and playing the additional audio data in a way suitable to the buffering area allocated within a buffer. Consequently, additional audio data of various contents are read out from the optical disc or provided by a content providing server connected through the Internet.

Abstract: A light source apparatus includes a light source module, a local dimming control part and a light source driving part. The light source module includes a plurality of light-emitting blocks. Each of the light-emitting blocks includes a first color light source, a second color light source and a third color light source, respectively. The local dimming control part drives the light-emitting blocks by blocks. The local dimming control part sets a reference duty signal for first, second and third color driving signals in accordance with a driving mode of the light source module. The light source driving part generates the first color driving signal, the second color driving signal and the third color driving signal by using the reference duty ratio set in accordance with the driving mode and a driving current having a same peak current level in accordance with the driving mode.

Abstract: In semiconductor devices and methods of manufacture, a semiconductor device comprises a substrate of semiconductor material extending in a horizontal direction. A plurality of interlayer dielectric layers are on the substrate. A plurality of gate patterns are provided, each gate pattern between a neighboring lower interlayer dielectric layer and a neighboring upper interlayer dielectric layer. A vertical channel of semiconductor material is on the substrate and extending in a vertical direction through the plurality of interlayer dielectric layers and the plurality of gate patterns. The vertical channel has an outer sidewall, the outer sidewall having a plurality of channel recesses, each channel recess corresponding to a gate pattern of the plurality of gate patterns. The vertical channel has an inner sidewall. An information storage layer is present in the recess between each gate pattern and the vertical channel that insulates the gate pattern from the vertical channel.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an inorganic insulating layer on a semiconductor substrate, a contact plug that extends through the inorganic insulating layer to contact the semiconductor substrate and a stress buffer spacer disposed between the node contact plug and the inorganic insulating layer. The device further includes a thin-film transistor (TFT) disposed on the inorganic insulating layer and having a source/drain region extending along the inorganic insulating layer to contact the contact plug. The device may further include an etch stop layer interposed between the inorganic insulating layer and the semiconductor substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor package of a package on package structure reducing an overall thickness of the package and simplifying design complexity of wiring paths is provided. The package includes a first package including a first substrate and a first semiconductor chip portion mounted thereon, a second package disposed on the first package and including a second substrate and a second semiconductor chip portion mounted thereon, and a connection member connecting the first and second substrates. The second semiconductor chip portion includes at least one semiconductor chip including a group of chip pads corresponding to one channel, and the group of chip pads is concentrated on a first edge of the semiconductor chip. An intellectual property core corresponding to the one channel is formed on an edge of the first semiconductor chip portion and the IP core corresponds to the edge on which the group of chip pads is concentrated.

Abstract: A method of performing relay communication in a next generation cellular communication system is disclosed. The next generation cellular communication system includes a base station and a plurality of terminals, and a communication target terminal which has not acquired a Line-Of-Sight (LOS) channel with the base station performs communication through the relay of a relaying terminal which has acquired a LOS channel. The base station determines the relaying terminal. The relaying terminal forms a relaying terminal group by determining one or more relaying assistant terminals. The communication target terminal forms a transmitting/receiving terminal group by determining one or more transmitting/receiving assistant terminals. The base station performs communication with the relaying terminal through the relaying terminal, relaying assistant terminals of the relaying terminal group and the transmitting/receiving assistant terminals of the transmitting/receiving terminal group.

Abstract: A display apparatus with at least two light guide plates, each including a light incident surface and a light exiting surface, the light guide plates being spaced apart from each other so as to form a gap therebetween. The display apparatus also has a light source disposed adjacent to at least one side portion of the light guide plates to emit light to the light incident surface, a display panel positioned to receive light from the light exiting surfaces to facilitate display of an image, and a diffusion member. The diffusion member covers the gap, so as to diffuse light directed toward the display panel.

Abstract: A method for adaptively allocating resource can be simply implemented for reducing degradation of performance by effectively separating operations of sub-channel and time slot allocation and selection of modulation method and sequentially processing each of operations. A method for adaptively allocating resource in a communication system to sequentially process sub-carrier/time slot allocation and modulation method selection efficiently includes the step of a) computing average channel gains of sub-carriers/time slots for each user by using channel gains of sub-carriers/time slots for each user; b) computing average numbers of bits for each user by using required data rates and average channel gains of sub-carriers/time slots for each user; c) computing the number of sub-carriers/time slots allocated to each user and allocating the sub-carriers/time slots to each user; and d) selecting a modulation method with respect to each sub-carrier/time slot.