Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a floating gate disposed on a substrate; a memory gate disposed on the floating gate; a first spacer disposed sidewalls of the floating gate and the memory gate, and an upper surface of the substrate; a second spacer disposed on the first spacer; a select high-k film disposed on a first portion of a sidewall of the first spacer between the substrate and the second spacer; and a select gate disposed on a second portion of the sidewall of the first spacer between the substrate and the second spacer. A width of a portion of the first spacer is reduced as a distance to the substrate decreases, and the portion of the first spacer is disposed between the substrate and the second spacer.

Abstract: A substrate transferring apparatus includes a support plate including an upper surface on which a substrate is configured to be seated, and a vacuum pad detachably coupled to the support plate and configured to vacuum suction the substrate to fix the substrate on the upper surface of the support plate, wherein the vacuum pad includes a suction area and a support protrusion surrounding the suction area, an upper surface of the support protrusion is at a higher vertical level than an upper surface of the suction area to support the substrate, and the upper surface of the support protrusion is inclined relative to horizontal.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a memory cell which stores one of first data and second data, and includes a first sub-memory cell connected to a first word line and a first bit line, and a second sub-memory cell connected to a second word line and a second bit line, a source line shared by the first sub-memory cell and the second sub-memory cell, and a sense amplifier connected to the first bit line and the second bit line which reads data stored in the memory cell. The sense amplifier receives a first current from the first bit line, receives a second current from the second bit line, and reads data stored in the memory cell by comparing magnitudes of the first current and the second current. The first sub-memory cell is programmed, and the second sub-memory cell is erased, in response to the memory cell storing the first data.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device may include a plurality of memory planes and a plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets. The plurality of memory planes may include a plurality of memory cell arrays including nonvolatile memory cells and a plurality of page buffer circuits. Each of the plurality of page buffer circuits may be connected to ones of the nonvolatile memory cells included in each of the plurality of memory cell arrays through bitlines. A plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets may be connected to the plurality of page buffer circuits through a plurality of data paths respectively such that each of the plurality plane-dedicated pad sets is dedicatedly connected to each of the plurality of page buffer circuits. A bandwidth of a data transfer may be increased by reducing a data transfer delay and supporting a parallel data transfer, and power consumption may be decreased by removing data multiplexing and/or signal routing.

Abstract: Provided is a semiconductor device. The semiconductor device includes a floating gate disposed on a substrate; a memory gate disposed on the floating gate; a first spacer disposed sidewalls of the floating gate and the memory gate, and an upper surface of the substrate; a second spacer disposed on the first spacer; a select high-k film disposed on a first portion of a sidewall of the first spacer between the substrate and the second spacer; and a select gate disposed on a second portion of the sidewall of the first spacer between the substrate and the second spacer. A width of a portion of the first spacer is reduced as a distance to the substrate decreases, and the portion of the first spacer is disposed between the substrate and the second spacer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orally-administered gene carrier and a use thereof, and more specifically, to: an oral gene carrier comprising, at the C-terminus of an immunoglobulin Fc region, a linker formed from cationic arginine and enabling the condensation of an anionic gene; and an oral composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating metabolic diseases, the composition comprising the gene carrier and the GLP-1 gene as active ingredients. The gene carrier, according to the present invention, may be usefully employed as an orally-administered carrier for various genes, and especially, is expected to be usable for preventing, ameliorating or treating metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, by effectively transferring the GLP-1 gene.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a nanoparticle for oral gene delivery, which is a novel oral gene delivery system capable of regulating blood glucose levels in biological systems and insulin secretion in response to ingested meals. More specifically, the present invention relates to a nanoparticle for gene delivery, comprising: an ionic polymer conjugated with bile acid or a bile acid derivative; and a gene; and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same.

Abstract: Provided is a community management method including: receiving, from a first terminal, a generation request for a standby community; generating the standby community including a user of the first terminal as a participant, according to the generation request for the standby community; and generating a regular community including participants of the standby community as members in response to a number of the participants of the standby community reaching a target number of the standby community, wherein a writing function is restricted in the standby community and allowed in the regular community.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are to provide a tumor microenvironment-responsive nanocomplex capable of presenting a novel paradigm for tumor therapy by reprogramming tumor microenvironments and an anticancer composition containing the same.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device may include a plurality of memory planes and a plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets. The plurality of memory planes may include a plurality of memory cell arrays including nonvolatile memory cells and a plurality of page buffer circuits. Each of the plurality of page buffer circuits may be connected to ones of the nonvolatile memory cells included in each of the plurality of memory cell arrays through bitlines. A plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets may be connected to the plurality of page buffer circuits through a plurality of data paths respectively such that each of the plurality plane-dedicated pad sets is dedicatedly connected to each of the plurality of page buffer circuits. A bandwidth of a data transfer may be increased by reducing a data transfer delay and supporting a parallel data transfer, and power consumption may be decreased by removing data multiplexing and/or signal routing.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device may include a plurality of memory planes and a plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets. The plurality of memory planes may include a plurality of memory cell arrays including nonvolatile memory cells and a plurality of page buffer circuits. Each of the plurality of page buffer circuits may be connected to ones of the nonvolatile memory cells included in each of the plurality of memory cell arrays through bitlines. A plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets may be connected to the plurality of page buffer circuits through a plurality of data paths respectively such that each of the plurality plane-dedicated pad sets is dedicatedly connected to each of the plurality of page buffer circuits. A bandwidth of a data transfer may be increased by reducing a data transfer delay and supporting a parallel data transfer, and power consumption may be decreased by removing data multiplexing and/or signal routing.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orally-administered gene carrier, and more specifically, to an orally-administered gene carrier having cationic protamine connected to an immunoglobulin Fc region by an SMCC linker, the cationic protamine enabling the condensation of an anionic gene. The orally-administered gene carrier enables protamine, which is a protein having cationic properties, to bind to an Fc region and be condensed with a gene having anionic properties, and thus may effectively induce the in vivo expression of the gene, and when orally administered, may enable the gene to be transferred to the small intestine by protecting the gene from a degradation reaction resulting from an immune action of white blood cells and stomach acid, and may enable the half-life of the gene to be relatively long when the gene is expressed in the small intestine, and thus a potential for a long-term treatment effect has been confirmed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an orally-administered gene carrier and a use thereof, and more specifically, to: an oral gene carrier comprising, at the C-terminus of an immunoglobulin Fc region, a linker formed from cationic arginine and enabling the condensation of an anionic gene; and an oral composition for preventing, ameliorating or treating metabolic diseases, the composition comprising the gene carrier and the GLP-1 gene as active ingredients. The gene carrier, according to the present invention, may be usefully employed as an orally-administered carrier for various genes, and especially, is expected to be usable for preventing, ameliorating or treating metabolic diseases, such as diabetes and obesity, by effectively transferring the GLP-1 gene.

Abstract: Disclosed are a macrophage-targeting nanoassembly capable of efficiently removing reactive oxygen species to minimize the occurrence of inflammation and an anti-inflammatory composition containing the same.

Abstract: Various embodiments of the present disclosure are to provide a tumor microenvironment-responsive nanocomplex capable of presenting a novel paradigm for tumor therapy by reprogramming tumor microenvironments and an anticancer composition containing the same.

Abstract: A nonvolatile memory device may include a plurality of memory planes and a plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets. The plurality of memory planes may include a plurality of memory cell arrays including nonvolatile memory cells and a plurality of page buffer circuits. Each of the plurality of page buffer circuits may be connected to ones of the nonvolatile memory cells included in each of the plurality of memory cell arrays through bitlines. A plurality of plane-dedicated pad sets may be connected to the plurality of page buffer circuits through a plurality of data paths respectively such that each of the plurality plane-dedicated pad sets is dedicatedly connected to each of the plurality of page buffer circuits. A bandwidth of a data transfer may be increased by reducing a data transfer delay and supporting a parallel data transfer, and power consumption may be decreased by removing data multiplexing and/or signal routing.

Abstract: Disclosed are a macrophage-targeting nanoassembly capable of efficiently removing reactive oxygen species to minimize the occurrence of inflammation and an anti-inflammatory composition containing the same.

Abstract: A semiconductor apparatus includes a substrate, a first insulating layer on a logic region and a memory region of the substrate, a second insulating layer on the first insulating layer, a base insulating layer between the first insulating layer and second insulating layer over the logic region and the memory region, first interconnection structures passing the first insulating layer, second interconnection structures passing through the second insulating layer, a base interconnection structure passing through the base insulating layer over the logic region, and a variable resistance structure in the base insulating layer over the memory region. The variable resistance structure includes a lower electrode, a magnetoresistive device, and an upper electrode, which are sequentially stacked. The lower electrode and the upper electrode are electrically connected to one of the first interconnection structures and one of the second interconnection structures, respectively, over the memory region.

Abstract: An open fare payment method for a fare payment terminal device which performs a fare transaction process, includes: receiving fare transaction information from a fare media, determining a network state between a device and a central system, and receiving an authorization result of the fare transaction information from the central system according to the network state such that the device authorizes the fare transaction information or authorizes the fare transaction information by itself independently based on authorization reference information in the fare payment terminal device.