Abstract: A liquid crystal display has a pad structure. The pad structure includes at least one pad formed on a substrate, an insulating film formed on the pad, and at least one conductive layer connected to the pad through contact holes defined through the insulating film. The insulating film covers side surfaces of the pad and a portion of the substrate adjacent to the side surfaces of the pad.

Abstract: In an embodiment, a method of controlling a light intensity includes measuring a critical dimension distribution of a pattern on a substrate. The critical dimension distribution is formed using a first illumination having a first intensity distribution, which is irradiated onto the substrate through a photo mask. A second intensity distribution of the first illumination by regions of the photo mask, which is used for forming a pattern having uniform dimensions on the substrate, is then obtained based on a relation between the first intensity distribution and the critical dimension distribution. The first illumination having the first intensity distribution is converted into a second illumination having the second intensity distribution as by interposing an array of light controlling elements (e.g., LCD pixels, or motorized polarizing elements) within the light path.

Abstract: An array substrate of a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate; an elongated gate line having a gate electrode on said substrate, said gate line extending in a first direction; a gate extension line on said substrate and that connects to said gate line, said gate extension line extending substantially perpendicularly to said gate line; a first insulating layer over said substrate, said gate line, and said gate extension line; a storage capacitor comprising a portion of said gate line, a conductive capacitor electrode that overlaps a portion of said gate line, an ohmic contact layer and a dielectric layer that includes said first insulating layer and a semiconductor layer; a passivation layer on said capacitor electrode; and a pixel electrode on said passivation layer, said pixel electrode contacting said capacitor electrode through a hole in said passivation layer.

Abstract: An auto focusing method and apparatus for determining a focusing evaluation value, comparing the focusing evaluation value with an acceptance level of a preset focusing evaluation value, and iteratively focusing, while widening the depth of focus, when the focusing evaluation value is lower than the acceptance level.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device, and a fabricating method thereof, that is capable of providing uniform liquid cell gaps. A main seal defines a liquid crystal injection area. A first step coverage-compensating layer is provided between a substrate on which the main seal has been coated and the main seal. A plurality of dummy seals is arranged external to the main seal. A second step coverage-compensating layer having the same thickness as the first step coverage-compensating layer is provided between the substrate on which the dummy seals are arranged and the dummy seals. Accordingly, a main seal and dummy seals having the same thickness produce uniform liquid crystal cell gaps. The liquid crystal display device is beneficially made by a fabrication process employing four or five masks.

Abstract: A fuel additive composition comprising hydrogen peroxide, an amine-based stabilizer, borax, and sodium hydroxide is disclosed. The composition is added to such fuel as coal, oil, and gas to facilitate combustion and remove impurities in a combustion apparatus, thereby improving thermal efficiency, and it reduces discharge of noxious gases such as SOx, NOx, and CO.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed in the present invention. More specifically, the method includes the steps forming a gate line on the first substrate sequentially forming a first insulating layer, an amorphous silicon layer, and a metal layer on the first substrate, patterning the metal layer to form a data line, forming a second insulating layer on the data line, patterning the second insulating layer and the amorphous silicon layer to form a passivation layer and an active layer, respectively, forming a pixel electrode at a pixel region defined by the gate and data lines, assembling the first substrate and the second substrate having a black matrix thereon, wherein the black matrix vertically overlaps at least one boundary line defined by different exposures during step-and-repeat exposure processes; and forming a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed. The device, as disclosed, reduces the number of masks required to fabricate. Thus, cost is reduced and yield is increased. The device includes a plurality of gate lines, a plurality of data lines crossing the gate lines such that active regions are defined near the crossover points, thin film transistors are formed near the active regions, and a plurality of pixel electrodes are formed within regions defined by the adjacent gate and data lines. Also, pixel electrodes overlap gate lines and the two electrodes function as a storage capacitor.

Abstract: A TFT array substrate has a PAI pattern, and the PAI pattern has an over-etched portion of the pure amorphous silicon layer. This over-etched portion prevents a short between the pixel electrode and the pure amorphous silicon layer (i.e., the active layer).

Abstract: A method of removing pattern defects in a liquid crystal display more particularly, a liquid crystal display having an IOP structure where a transparent conductive layer is formed on a passivation layer, removes pattern defects in active layers or data wires of an LCD simultaneously and quickly, without causing any damage on other parts of the LCD, by exposing pattern defects in the air, then carrying out an etching process in use of pixel electrodes and an etch-stop layer as an etch mask.

Abstract: An apparatus for positioning and marking a location of an electromyography (EMG) electrode includes a housing having a back surface, an EMG sensor for receiving the EMG signal, an amplifying circuit for amplifying the EMG signal to generate an amplified EMG signal and an audio output terminal for outputting the amplified EMG signal as the audio EMG signal. The examinee may directly position and mark the location of the EMG electrode and may easily detect the fatigue rate of the muscle or the abnormal condition of the muscle by using the sound of the audio equipment.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for measuring a dimension of a pattern on a semiconductor device are provided. The method may include at least overlapping a reference pattern with an actual pattern that may be formed on a substrate, comparing the actual pattern with the reference pattern to determine whether the actual pattern may be aligned with the reference pattern, moving the actual pattern or the reference pattern in accordance with the results of the comparison to align the actual pattern with the reference pattern, and measuring a dimension of the actual pattern.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device including a first and second substrates coupled to each other having a dummy region and a panel region, at least one first seal in the dummy region, a second seal along a peripheral portion of the panel region, wherein the second seal has a liquid crystal injection port and a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates, wherein a cell gap-determining thickness of the first seal is substantially same as a cell gap-determining thickness of the second seal.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a thin film transistor disposed on the substrate, the thin film transistor including a gate electrode, a source electrode and a drain electrode, a gate line arranged in a first direction on the substrate, the gate line connected with the gate electrode of the thin film transistor, a gate insulation layer disposed on the substrate and covering the gate line and the gate electrode of the thin film transistor, an intrinsic semiconductor layer disposed on the gate insulation layer, an extrinsic semiconductor layer disposed on the intrinsic semiconductor layer, a data line arranged in a second direction substantially perpendicular to the first direction disposed on the extrinsic semiconductor layer, the data line connected to the source electrode of the thin film transistor, first and second dummy metal layers formed over the gate line and arranged on opposite sides of the data line, a passivation layer covering the data line, the source electrode, the drain el

Abstract: An array panel for a liquid crystal display device includes a substrate, a gate line and a gate electrode on the substrate, wherein the gate line is connected to the gate electrode, a gate insulating layer on the gate line and the gate electrode, an active layer on the gate insulating layer, an ohmic contact layer on the active layer, a data line, a source electrode, and a drain electrode on the ohmic contact layer, wherein the data line, the source electrode, and the drain electrode are formed of molybdenum, a passivation layer on the data line, the source and drain electrodes, and a pixel electrode on the passivation layer, wherein the ohmic contact layer has the same shape as the data line, the source, and drain electrodes, and the active layer has the same shape as the data line, and the source electrode, and the drain electrode except for a channel area between the source electrode and the drain electrode, and the channel area has a “U” shape.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a liquid crystal display device includes the steps of forming a gate electrode on a transparent substrate; forming a gate insulating film, an active layer and an ohmic contact layer on the transparent substrate to cover the gate electrode; forming a source electrode and a drain electrode on the ohmic contact layer and patterning the drain electrode to form an L-shaped portion and a plurality of protrusions; forming a protective layer on the source and drain electrodes such that side surfaces of the protective layer, the drain electrode, the ohmic contact layer and the active layer are exposed; and forming a pixel electrode on the protective layer to electrically contact the side surface of the drain electrode.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device includes dummy patterns formed between gate links and between data links. The gate links and data links are coated with a sealant to obtain the same height as a liquid crystal area at the opposite side thereof through the dummy patterns, providing a uniform cell gap.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display, and a method of manufacturing thereof, includes providing a substrate; depositing sequentially a first metal layer and a first insulating layer on the substrate; patterning the first metal layer and the first insulating layer using a first mask to form a gate line and a first gate insulating layer; depositing sequentially a second gate insulating layer, a pure semiconductor layer, a doped semiconductor layer and a second metal layer over the whole substrate; patterning the second metal layer using a second mask to form a data line, source and drain electrodes, a capacitor electrode, the capacitor electrode overlapping a portion of the gae line; etching the doped semiconductor layer between the source and drain electrodes to form a channel region; depositing a third insulating layer over the whole substrate; patterning the third insulating layer using a third mask to form a passivation film, the passivation film having a smaller width than the data line and covering the source and dra

Abstract: The present invention discloses an array substrate for an active-matrix LCD device and a method of fabricating the same. The array substrate reduces the number of masks used in the fabrication process so that reliability is enhanced and the cost is reduced over the conventional device and method.

Abstract: A liquid crystal display device and a method of fabricating the same are disclosed in the present invention. More specifically, the method includes the steps forming a gate line on the first substrate sequentially forming a first insulating layer, an amorphous silicon layer, and a metal layer on the first substrate, patterning the metal layer to form a data line, forming a second insulating layer on the data line, patterning the second insulating layer and the amorphous silicon layer to form a passivation layer and an active layer, respectively, forming a pixel electrode at a pixel region defined by the gate and data lines, assembling the first substrate and the second substrate having a black matrix thereon, wherein the black matrix vertically overlaps at least one boundary line defined by different exposures during step-and-repeat exposure processes; and forming a liquid crystal layer between the first and second substrates.