Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a semiconductor stack; a substrate formed on the semiconductor stack, including a lower surface connected to the semiconductor stack, an upper surface opposite to the lower surface, and a side surface between the lower surface and the upper surface, wherein the side surface includes a mirror area, a first scribing area, and a first crack area, the mirror area is closer to the lower surface than the first scribing area to the lower surface, and the first scribing area is located between the mirror area and the first crack area; an optical structure on the upper surface of the substrate; and a reflective structure on a side surface of the first scribing area and the first crack area, wherein the first scribing area is arranged below the upper surface of the substrate with a distance less than or equal to ¼ of a thickness of the substrate.

Abstract: A method and a memory device are provided. A controller of the memory device retrieves a first command from a host memory. The controller stores a first identifier of the first command in a set-aside buffer of the memory device. The controller retrieves a second command from the host memory. The controller initiates processing of the first command and the second command based on a second identifier of the second command corresponding to the first identifier.

Abstract: Methods of forming memory devices are described. A molybdenum silicide nucleation layer is formed, and the substrate is soaked in a titanium precursor prior to a bulk molybdenum gap fill process. In other embodiments, a molybdenum silicide film is formed in a first process cycle and a second process cycle is performed where the substrate is exposed to a titanium precursor. In further embodiments, a substrate having at least one feature thereon is exposed to a first titanium precursor and a nitrogen-containing reactant. The substrate is then soaked in a second titanium precursor, and then is exposed to a first molybdenum precursor followed by exposure to a silane to form a molybdenum silicide layer on a surface of the substrate.

Abstract: Systems and methods are disclosed for providing an enhanced Packet Forwarding Control Protocol (PFCP) association procedure for session restoration. In this regard, a method performed by a PFCP node comprises deleting one or more PFCP sessions of the PFCP node that are associated with a failed PFCP entity or with a failed PFCP path. The method further comprises sending, to a PFCP peer node, a node level message to request that the PFCP peer node delete a corresponding one or more PFCP sessions of the PFCP peer node that are associated with the failed PFCP entity or with the failed PFCP path, wherein the node level message comprises an indication of the corresponding one or more PFCP sessions. Some embodiments provide that the node level message comprises a PFCP Association Setup Request including sessions retention information to indicate whether to retain PFCP sessions associated with the PFCP Association Setup Request.

Abstract: The invention discloses a blockchain-based intrusion detection system for railway signal, which is built on a blockchain's distributed chain structure, without a central, trusted control center. This design mitigates the vulnerabilities associated with centralized intrusion detection centers. Additionally, by utilizing a blockchain-based distributed structure, it also eliminates the risk of a single point of failure for the intrusion detection center. Moreover, the data within the blockchain-based intrusion detection system is highly resistant to malicious tampering. This is achieved by leveraging the consensus mechanism inherent in the blockchain, which can achieve consensus among intrusion detection nodes. The current invention solves the internal evil attacks and avoid the inability to reach consensus between nodes due to internal evil, thereby affecting the intrusion detection performance; at the same time, the intrusion detection model can resist external network attacks.

Abstract: A method may include determining, with a queue availability module, that an entry is available in a queue, asserting a bit in a register based on determining that an entry is available in the queue, determining, with a processor, that the bit is asserted, and processing, with the processor, the entry in the queue based on determining that the bit is asserted. The method may further include storing the register in a tightly coupled memory associated with the processor. The method may further include storing the queue in the tightly coupled memory. The method may further include determining, with the queue availability module, that an entry is available in a second queue, and asserting a second bit in the register based on determining that an entry is available in the second queue. The method may further include finding the first bit in the register using a find first instruction.

Abstract: A low dielectric sealing glass powder for a miniature radio-frequency glass insulator is made of the following raw materials expressed in molar percentages: SiO2: 70.5-74.0%, B2O3: 20.5-23.5%, Ga2O3: 0.5-2.0%, P2O5: 0.25-2.0%, Li2O: 0.4-6.0%, K2O: 0.1-1.5%, LaB6: 0.05-1.0%, and NaCl: 0.03-0.3%. The raw material components are simple, and the preparation method is easy to implement. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of the prepared glass powder are low, and the melting and molding temperature is low, which are convenient for large-scale industrial production. The melting and molding temperature of the low dielectric sealing glass powder ranges from 1320° C. to 1360° C., and the obtained glass has a dielectric constant ranging from 3.8 to 4.1 and a dielectric loss ranging from 4×10?4 to 10×10?4 at a frequency of 1 MHz, and a sealing temperature ranging from 900° C. to 950° C.

Abstract: A sacrificial sealing layer is formed on a high-? metal gate (HKMG) stack to suppress oxidants, e.g., oxygen and water, from impacting the metal gate stack, thus preserving the device EOT. The method integrated processes that include forming an interfacial layer on the substrate; forming a high-? metal oxide layer on the interfacial layer, the high-? metal oxide layer comprising a dipole region adjacent to the interfacial layer, the dipole region; depositing a capping layer on the high-? metal oxide layer; and forming a sacrificial sealing layer on the capping layer. The dipole region is formed by driving a dopant species, e.g., zinc (Zn), vanadium (V), tungsten (W), molybdenum (Mo), ruthenium (Ru), titanium (Ti), tantalum (Ta), zirconium (Zr), aluminum (Al), niobium (Nb), or mixtures thereof, of a dipole film into the high-? metal oxide layer to form a dipole region.

Abstract: The present application discloses a backlight module and a mobile terminal. The backlight module includes a reflection layer and a light adjustment layer that are arranged oppositely, wherein he reflection layer is disposed at a periphery of each of light sources, the light adjustment layer includes first light guide portions and a second light guide portion, a light transmittance of each of the first light guide portions is lower than a light transmittance of the second light guide portion, and the reflection layer includes a diffuse reflection sub-layer at least partially overlapping with at least one of the second light guide portion, and a specular reflection sub-layer at least partially overlapping with at least one of the first light guide portions.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent with high adaptability to temperature and a method for preparing the same. The polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent is prepared by introducing an unsaturated macromonomer D with a temperature-sensitive side chain which could be bonded to the backbone of the polycarboxylic acid through free radical polymerization. The polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent prepared by the invention has an adsorption group density that can be automatically adjusted with the change of ambient temperature, and thereby shows similar dispersing capability and dispersion retention capability at different ambient temperatures, demonstrating high adaptability to different ambient temperatures. It can be used in a larger temperature range with a constant dosage, which is beneficial to further popularization and application of the polycarboxylic acid water-reducing agent in regions of different climates.

Abstract: An aerial vehicle includes a body, a flight controller, and an adapter apparatus. The adapter apparatus includes a first communication interface through which the adapter apparatus is communicatively connected to the flight controller, a second communication interface through which the adapter apparatus is communicatively connected to a load device, at least one processor, and at least one memory including computer program code, wherein the at least one memory and the computer program code are configured, with the at least one processor, to cause the adapter apparatus to receive a control command sent by the flight controller for controlling the load device via the first communication interface, convert a first communication protocol between the flight controller and the adapter apparatus into a second communication protocol between the adapter apparatus and the load device, send the control command to the load device using the second communication protocol via the second communication interface.

Abstract: Provided herein is a 3D microfluidic device mimicking an anatomy and physiology of a human lung alveolar interstitium comprising: at least one inlet and one outlet in fluid communication with an inlet chamber and an outlet chamber; an interstitium chamber that comprises an electrospun nanofibrous membrane to support the growth of lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts, at least one inlet chamber and an outlet chamber to provide a growth media to the lung epithelial cells and fibroblasts; a pneumatic chamber separated from the interstitium chamber by a water-impermeable membrane and a source of air in fluid communication with the pneumatic chamber; and an air chamber in fluid communication a second side of the with electrospun nanofibrous membrane of the interstitium chamber, wherein the air chamber is opposite the pneumatic chamber; wherein the integration of inputs and outputs mimics the anatomy and physiology of the human lung alveolar interstitium.

Abstract: The disclosure provides messenger ribonucleic acids (mRNAs) encoding an antigenic protein capable of eliciting an immune response to a coronavirus. The disclosure also provides antigen proteins encoded by the mRNAs. The disclosure further provides methods for eliciting an immune response in a subject, and methods for preventing and/or treating a coronavirus infection in a subject.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the field of bioengineering and pharmaceutical and chemical production. In particular, provided is a polynucleotide comprising a coding sequence of toluene dioxygenase. Also provided are an expression cassette, a vector and a host cell comprising the polynucleotide, as well as use thereof in the preparation of cis-cyclohexadiene o-diol compounds.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a communication method, apparatus, and device, and a storage medium. The communication method includes: An access device determines a first throughput rate of a backhaul link at a first moment. The first throughput rate includes an uplink throughput rate and/or a downlink throughput rate, the uplink throughput rate is used to determine an access device used by a terminal device for uplink transmission, and the downlink throughput rate is used to determine an access device used by the terminal device for downlink transmission. The access device sends the first throughput rate to a first routing device. In this way, a route of the backhaul link is dynamically adjusted, fluctuation of a wireless backhaul rate is reduced, and reliability of the backhaul link is improved.

Abstract: A backlight module and a display device are provided. The backlight module includes a light-emitting substrate and a reflective film layer disposed on a light-exiting surface of the light-emitting substrate. The light-emitting substrate includes a base substrate and light-emitting elements and light-scattering members disposed on one same surface of the base substrate. The reflective film layer includes a plurality of light-exiting holes for light passing through. A part of the light emitted by the light-emitting elements is reflected to the light-scattering members by the reflective film layer and is scattered by the light-scattering members. Therefore, light intensity of regions between the light-emitting elements is enhanced.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a method in a network node implementing a Service Communication Proxy, SCP, function. The method includes: receiving, from a first Network Function, NF, a request destined to a second NF, wherein the request comprises information on the second NF; redirecting the request to a third NF, wherein the redirected request comprises information on the third NF; and transmitting a response to the first NF, wherein the response comprises the information on the third NF.

Abstract: An enhanced communication of recovery information related to restart of a NF Service provider of NF consumer (e.g., NF Service Instance, NF Service Set, NF Instance, NF Set) is introduced. In exemplary embodiments, a recovery timestamp in a restart notification related to the restart of a NF Service provider or NF consumer is associated with the NF Service provider or NF consumer corresponding to the binding level of session contexts served by the service provider or NF consumer. The NF Service provider/consumer may be a NF Service Instance, NF Service Set, NF Instance and NF Set. In the case of a failure, the recovery timestamp populated in a recovery notification is matching the binding level of session contexts which will be affected by the failed NF Service provider/consumer. The recovery timestamp may be included in indirect signaling via a NRF and in direct signal between NFs.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing a metal shell for casing of electronic product comprises stamping, squeezing and milling a sheet metal at a first area and a second area to form hinge side walls. The sheet metal on the periphery is stamped, squeezed, and milled to form side walls. Insert molding is performed at inner surface of the sheet metal to form an internal molded plastic part and a fine machining of the sheet metal is carried out. The metal shell is integrally formed from a single solid sheet, the manufacturing process is simple and economical as CNC processes are reduced.