Abstract: Optical network protection devices and protection methods including: a working line; a protection line; a determination module configured to determine the protection type of optical network; a first judgment module configured to judge whether the working line is normal according to performance parameter values of service signal in the working line and switching conditions configured for multiplexing section protection when the protection type of optical network is the multiplexing section protection; a second judgment module, configured to judge whether the working line is normal according to performance parameter values of service signal in the working line and switching conditions configured for channel section protection when the protection type of optical network is the channel section protection; a switching module, configured to take the service signal in the protection line as an output signal when working line is abnormal.

Abstract: A vehicle apparatus, a platoon travel control system and a method for selecting a lead vehicle using the vehicle apparatus and the platoon travel control system. Specifically, charges for platoon travel of surrounding vehicles is calculated based on input charge calculation conditions and the calculated charges are output by matching the conditions with images of surrounding vehicles. Additionally, a vehicle selected by the user is designated as a lead vehicle, thereby performing a platoon travel procedure.

Abstract: A driving mode changing method and apparatus of an autonomous navigation vehicle that allows a driver to stably operate the autonomous navigation vehicle. The autonomous navigation vehicle may be stably operated by mounting an apparatus (a touch pad, a joystick, or the like) to operate the autonomous navigation vehicle on seats (a passenger seat and a rear seat) other than a driver seat of the autonomous navigation vehicle and providing various information (a near around view, a far around view, a critical level, vehicle information, and the like) to drive the autonomous navigation vehicle.

Abstract: A driving mode changing method and apparatus of an autonomous navigation vehicle that allows a driver to stably operate the autonomous navigation vehicle. The autonomous navigation vehicle may be stably operated by mounting an apparatus (a touch pad, a joystick, or the like) to operate the autonomous navigation vehicle on seats (a passenger seat and a rear seat) other than a driver seat of the autonomous navigation vehicle and providing various information (a near around view, a far around view, a critical level, vehicle information, and the like) to drive the autonomous navigation vehicle.

Abstract: An unmanned autonomous traveling service apparatus and method based on driving information database that allows an unmanned autonomous traveling vehicle to be autonomously operated stably without performing a large scale computing process in real time by allowing the unmanned autonomous traveling vehicle to be autonomously operated based on driving information generated in a database and allowing the unmanned autonomous traveling vehicle to be autonomously operated based on an installed sensor at the time of a traffic lane change or an unexpected situation. In particular, the driving information is collected from drivers throughout the world to create the database for the driving information.

Abstract: A rapidly assembled debris flow sediment storage dam and a construction method are provided. The sediment storage dam has a main dam body with multiple prefabricated reinforced concrete rectangular boxes linked by vertical and horizontal connections. The top surface of each rectangular box is open, and the other five surfaces of the rectangular box are closed. Soil is used to fill each rectangular box. The main dam body is assembled above dam body foundations. Dam abutment foundations of the sediment storage dam and the inside slope of the dam body are filled with cement-laid stone masonry or concrete, while the top surface of the dam crest is also sealed using cement-laid stone masonry or concrete.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a driving control exchanging method for an autonomous vehicle by which a driving control may be easily exchanged between a driver and an autonomous vehicle, acquisition of a driving control by a child or a person who cannot drive is prevented, and the relative laws can be complied, making it possible to safely and conveniently manage the autonomous vehicle.

Abstract: A pressure-regulatable pressure sores prevention cushion is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a cushion for preventing pressure sore. The cushion for preventing pressure sore includes an air cell layer, an air passage layer, a base layer, and a plurality of air ducts. The air cell layer has a plurality of air cells; the air cell layer is divided into at least four air cell zones. Air cells in each air cell zone are in communication with each other, but air cells in any two adjacent air cell zones are not in communication with each other; the air passage layer is under the air cell layer and has a plurality of air passages therein. Each air passage is in connection and communication with at least one of the air cell zones; the air passage layer and the air cell layer are disposed on the base layer; an end of each air duct is in communication with a corresponding air passage, and the other end extends out of the cushion and is provided with a joint; and each air duct has a respective valve.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of manufacturing an anode for in-situ sintering for a molten carbonate fuel cell, in which an anode green sheet is prepared using a slurry, and then a reinforcing layer is placed on the anode green sheet and then pressed, thereby improving the mechanical stability of a fuel cell stack and the long term stability of an anode, and an anode manufactured using the method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gate driving circuit including a first clock generator to sequentially output n output clock pulses, a second clock generator to sequentially output n output control clock pulses, and a shift register to receive the n output clock pulses and the n output control clock pulses and to sequentially output a plurality of scan pulses, wherein high sections of k-th to (k+s)-th output clock pulses output during adjacent periods overlap with one another, a k-th output control clock pulse rises before the k-th output clock pulse, the k-th output control clock pulse falls before a (k?a)-th output clock pulse, a high section of the output control clock pulses does not overlap with that of the k-th output clock pulse, and a (k+b)-th output clock pulse falls during the high section of the output control clock pulses not overlapping with that of the k-th output clock pulse.

Abstract: A shift register is provided in which leakage of charges from a voltage at a set node is prevented to stabilize an output from a stage. The shift register includes stages for sequentially outputting scan pulses. An nth one of the stages includes a node controller for controlling voltages at nodes, and an output unit for outputting any one of a corresponding one of the scan pulses and a first discharging voltage according to the voltages at the nodes. The nodes include set and reset nodes. The node controller of the nth stage includes a first switching device controlled by a voltage supplied to the reset node for supplying a second discharging voltage to the set node, and an inverter circuit controlled by a voltage supplied to the set node for supplying any one of a charging voltage and a third discharging voltage to the reset node.

Abstract: The invention discloses a debris-flow prevention method by controlling debris-flow magnitude and avoiding to block main river. This method first adopts the drainage works for delivering debris flow in corporation with the transport of the main river; if the drained sediment cannot be transported by the main river, the blocking works are adopted; and if the sediment still exceeds the delivering capacity, the deposit stopping works are adopted. Compared with the prior art, this invention makes full use of the main river's transport capacity, gives priority to dredging and also reasonably distributes the sediment and deploys the engineering system, so as to realize the safe discharge of debris flow, and avoid the secondary disaster of “barrier lake” caused by the blocking of main river due to excessive discharge of debris flow and fully guarantee the safety of mountain towns, major projects and infrastructure located at the mouth of debris flow gully.

Abstract: An electric personal moving apparatus is provided. The electric personal moving apparatus includes a pair of modules detachable/attachable to shoes or a user's feet, wherein each module moves by propulsion from a motor and can be variously controlled by short range wireless communication.

Abstract: A shift register is provided in which leakage of charges from a voltage at a set node is prevented to stabilize an output from a stage. The shift register includes stages for sequentially outputting scan pulses. An nth one of the stages includes a node controller for controlling voltages at nodes, and an output unit for outputting any one of a corresponding one of the scan pulses and a first discharging voltage according to the voltages at the nodes. The nodes include set and reset nodes. The node controller of the nth stage includes a first switching device controlled by a voltage supplied to the reset node for supplying a second discharging voltage to the set node, and an inverter circuit controlled by a voltage supplied to the set node for supplying any one of a charging voltage and a third discharging voltage to the reset node.

Abstract: A system of debris-flow drainage canal with cascaded sills is provided, which allows a high-efficient and low-cost realization of debris flow drainage and scour prevention. The canal contains two converging walls and a series of scour prevention sills, which are laid between the two converging walls. The sills are embedded to a certain depth and are evenly spaced and symmetrical to the centre line of the canal to form a cascaded structure for scour prevention. The drainage canal's width is 2 times wider than the sill's horizontal length along the cross-section. Compared with the prior art, this system can drain off a wide variety of flows from debris flow to flood and prevent debris-flow siltation even on a gentle slope. This system has a much higher stability and longer life of service. Moreover, this system can maintain the aquatic habitat in gullies and contribute to ecological restoration.

Abstract: A lubricant applicator includes a base, a plurality of elastic members, and a plate member. The base includes a hollow space for receiving lubricant. The elastic support member is mounted within the hollow space of the base. The plate member is received in the hollow space and supported by the elastic support member. The plate member comprises a first slot and a plurality of through openings formed in an upper surface thereof. The first slot is shaped to accommodate a golden finger interface.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a gate driving circuit including a first clock generator to sequentially output n output clock pulses, a second clock generator to sequentially output n output control clock pulses, and a shift register to receive the n output clock pulses and the n output control clock pulses and to sequentially output a plurality of scan pulses, wherein high sections of k-th to (k+s)-th output clock pulses output during adjacent periods overlap with one another, a k-th output control clock pulse rises before the k-th output clock pulse, the k-th output control clock pulse falls before a (k?a)-th output clock pulse, a high section of the output control clock pulses does not overlap with that of the k-th output clock pulse, and a (k+b)-th output clock pulse falls during the high section of the output control clock pulses not overlapping with that of the k-th output clock pulse.

Abstract: Provided is a substrate having an alignment mark, methods of aligning wafers and fabricating semiconductors. An alignment method of a wafer comprises providing a wafer on a wafer stage of a photolithography apparatus, irradiating light to the alignment mark, collecting reflected light from the alignment mark, analyzing optical information of the collected light, and determining a location of the wafer based on the analyzed optical information, wherein the wafer comprises a first surface having an alignment mark, the alignment mark including a first plurality of alignment patterns in a first row, and a second plurality of alignment patterns in a second row, the second plurality of alignment patterns being adjacent to the first plurality of alignment patterns, wherein the first plurality of alignment patterns are arranged in a row direction at a first pitch, and the second plurality of alignment patterns are arranged in the row direction at a second pitch different from the first pitch.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a composition for plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treatment of magnesium alloy products, which contains a sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution as a main component, the composition comprising, based on the weight of sodium hydroxide contained in the sodium hydroxide solution: 1-20 wt % of sodium fluoride (NaF); 1-15 wt % of trisodium phosphate (Na3PO4); 1-10 wt % of sodium pyrophosphate (Na4P2O7); 1-20 wt % of aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3); 1-20 wt % of sodium fluorosilicate (Na2SiF6); 1-10 wt % of potassium hydroxide (KOH); 1-15 wt % of potassium acetate (C2H3O2K); and 1-10 wt % of rare earth metal powder. The disclosed composition can form a firm, dense and uniform oxide film on the surface of a magnesium alloy product.