Abstract: This application provides a synchronization method and an apparatus, to implement synchronization with a TSN clock in a mobile network. The synchronization method is performed by a first network element in a relay network. The relay network includes a radio access network RAN device and a terminal device. The method includes: The first network element receives a clock synchronization packet. The first network element determines first duration of the relay network, where the first duration of the relay network includes a first downlink transmission delay of transmitting the clock synchronization packet between the RAN device and the terminal device. The first network element determines a time correction field of the relay network, where the time correction field includes the first downlink transmission delay.

Abstract: This application provides a method for controlling disorder of downlink data and an apparatus thereof. The method includes: A control plane network element determines to switch from a first user plane device to a second user plane device, and sends indication information to the second user plane device. The second user plane device buffers, according to the received indication information, downlink data received from a session anchor, and sends the buffered downlink data after reception of an end marker from the first user plane device.

Abstract: A paging method and apparatus are provided to simplify a prior-art paging process. The method includes: receiving, by an access device, downlink data, where the downlink data includes a first identifier of a terminal; determining a paging identifier based on the first identifier; and sending, by the access device, a paging message to the terminal, where the paging message carries the paging identifier. After the access device receives the downlink data, the access device can initiate the paging process without using a control plane network element device. The advantages of the innovative paging methods disclosed herein include reduced signaling, shortened signaling transmission, and simplified paging process.

Abstract: Methods, systems, and apparatus for clock synchronization are provided. In one aspect, a clock synchronization method includes: receiving, by a terminal and from an access network device, information about N clock domains, determining, by the terminal, M clock domains that are associated with the terminal and that are in the N clock domains, and separately performing, by the terminal, clock synchronization with clock sources of the M clock domains based on information about the M clock domains. Information about a clock domain includes first time information and a clock domain number of the clock domain. The first time information includes a time of a clock source of the clock domain when the access network device sends the information about the clock domain. The clock domain number identifies the clock domain. N is an integer greater than 1, and M is an integer greater than 1.

Abstract: A service transmission method and apparatus are provided to establish a connection between an access and mobility management function network element and a secondary base station, when a master base station is not capable of continuing to provide a service for a terminal device. In an embodiment, an access and mobility management function network element determines that a master base station is not capable of continuing to provide a service for a terminal device. The access and mobility management function network element sends a mobility management context of the terminal device to a secondary base station, where the mobility management context is used by the secondary base station to perform mobility management on the terminal device. Therefore, a signaling connection between the access and mobility management function network element and the secondary base station can be quickly established, thereby ensuring service transmission and improving user experience.

Abstract: A method includes obtaining, by a data analytics network element, data of a terminal on an access network element and data of the terminal on an access and mobility management function network element, where the data of the terminal on the access network element includes a first identifier, and the access network element is an access network element, the data of the terminal on the access and mobility management function network element includes the first identifier, and the first identifier includes an identifier assigned by the access network element to the terminal, associating, by the data analytics network element, the data of the terminal on the access network element with the data of the terminal on the access and mobility management function network element based on the first identifier.

Abstract: This application provides a network connection configuration method and an apparatus. The method is as follows: After a terminal device obtains network configuration information of an application in the terminal device, the terminal device sends the network configuration information to a core network control plane network element, so that the core network control plane network element may determine a network connection that is of the application and is between the terminal device and the data network and that meets the network configuration information.

Abstract: A packet transmission method, including receiving, by a session management function network element, first access network tunnel information and second access network tunnel information that correspond to a first service, and sending a downlink forwarding rule to a user plane function network element, where the downlink forwarding rule includes the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information, and the downlink forwarding rule indicates the user plane function network element to replicate a received downlink packet of the first service, and send downlink packets of the first service through two paths respectively corresponding to the first access network tunnel information and the second access network tunnel information.

Abstract: A method includes: receiving, by a first session management function network element, first identification information from an access and mobility management function network element; obtaining information about a plurality of anchor user plane function network elements of a first session based on the first identification information; and sending, by the first session management function network element, the information about the plurality of anchor user plane function network elements to a branching point, where the branching point is a user plane function network element that is managed by the first session management function network element and that has a function of diverting traffic.

Abstract: This application provides a network connection configuration method and an apparatus. The method is as follows: After a terminal device obtains network configuration information of an application in the terminal device, the terminal device sends the network configuration information to a core network control plane network element, so that the core network control plane network element may determine a network connection that is of the application and is between the terminal device and the data network and that meets the network configuration information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device control method and apparatus, and relate to the field of device control technologies. The method includes: determining a session attribute of user equipment UE; and sending the session attribute to a first access network AN accessed by the UE, where the session attribute is used by the first AN to control the UE.

Abstract: A transmission method and apparatus related to the field of communications technologies and include obtaining, by a session management network element, transport network capability list information, where the transport network capability list information indicates whether a transport network supports high-reliability transmission, and the transport network is a network between an access device and a user plane network element, and managing, by the session management network element, a user plane connection, of a terminal, between the access device and the user plane network element based on the transport network capability list information, where the user plane connection is usable for transmitting a service flow packet of the terminal.

Abstract: This application discloses a path processing method, an apparatus, and a related computer-readable storage medium. In the method, whether there is an existing communication connection for a service flow is determined, and a service feature indicator corresponding to the existing communication connection satisfies a service feature condition required by the service flow. In a case of determining that there is the existing communication connection, a service packet is sent in the existing communication connection. In a case of determining that there is no existing communication connection, a new communication connection is established for the service flow, and a service packet is sent in the new communication connection, and a service feature indicator corresponding to the new communication connection satisfies the service feature condition required by the service flow.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and an apparatus. The method includes: a terminal determines that a detected application is associated with a first network; determines, based on information configured on the terminal, that the first network is a network accessible only in a specific area; obtains network information for the first network; and in response to when the terminal is within an area indicated by the network information, determine to initiate a session management procedure.

Abstract: A session processing method comprising: receiving, by a policy control function network element from an application function network element, a request for determining policy information, wherein the request comprises a continuity request of an application (APP); sending, by the policy control function network element, the policy information to a session management function network element; receiving, by the session management function network element, the policy information from the policy control function network element; and processing, by the session management function network element, a session according to the policy information.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure provide a device control method and apparatus, and relate to the field of device control technologies. The method includes: determining a session attribute of user equipment UE; and sending the session attribute to a first access network AN accessed by the UE, where the session attribute is used by the first AN to control the UE.

Abstract: A data processing method includes obtaining, by a session management function (SMF) network element from an external network element, a media access control (MAC) address of a terminal device and an Internet Protocol (IP) address corresponding to the MAC address, and sending, by the SMF network element, the MAC address and the IP address to a first user plane function (UPF) network element, where the MAC address and the IP address are used to send an Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) message, and the ARP message includes the MAC address and the IP address.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure disclose a service processing method, an apparatus, and a system that relate to the field of communications technologies and are used to reduce resource waste. The method includes: controlling, by a controller, a first node to send a received packet to a processing network; and controlling, by the controller, the processing network to process the packet and then send a processed packet to a second node. The first node is a base station or a network element connected to the base station, and the second node is a routing function entity; or the first node is the routing function entity, and the second node is the base station or a network element connected to the base station. The routing function entity is an anchor point of an Internet Protocol IP address of a user.

Abstract: A transmission control method including in a re-allocation process of a first user plane function network element to a second user plane function network element, a session management function network element sends a respective session modification request to each anchor user plane function network element of a plurality of anchor user plane function network elements, where each session modification request includes information about the second user plane function network element; and indicates to only a first anchor user plane function network element in the plurality of anchor user plane function network elements to send an end marker; or sends the end marker to only the first anchor user plane function network element.

Abstract: This application discloses a path processing method and apparatus, and a terminal. In the path processing method, user equipment may determine, based on connection parameter information corresponding to at least one existing packet data network (PDN) connection, whether a target PDN connection satisfying a target connection condition exists in the at least one existing PDN connection. When the target PDN connection satisfying the target connection condition exists, the user equipment may transmit a service packet by using the target PDN connection. When the target PDN connection satisfying the target connection condition does not exist, the user equipment may initiate establishment of the target PDN connection, to transmit a service packet by using the established target PDN connection. As can be learned, when transmitting the service packet, the user equipment may transmit the service packet by using the target PDN connection satisfying the target connection condition.