Abstract: Memory devices may include a source region, channels, a gate insulation layer pattern, a selection gate pattern, a first gate pattern, a second gate pattern and a drain region. The source region may include first impurities having a first conductivity type at an upper portion of a substrate. The channels may contact the source region. Each of the channels may extend in a vertical direction that is perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate. The selection gate pattern may be on sidewalls of the channels. The first gate pattern may be on the sidewalls of the channels. The first gate pattern may be a common electrode of all of multiple channels. The second gate patterns may be on the sidewalls of the channels. The drain region may include second impurities having a second conductivity type that is different from the first conductivity type at an upper portion of each of the channels.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device may include a stack including word lines and interlayer insulating patterns alternatingly stacked on a substrate, the word lines being extended in a first direction parallel to a top surface of the substrate, semiconductor patterns crossing the word lines and having a long axis extended in a second direction parallel to the top surface of the substrate, data storage patterns respectively interposed between the semiconductor patterns and the word lines, the data storage patterns including a ferroelectric material, bit lines extended in a third direction perpendicular to the top surface of the substrate and spaced apart from each other in the first direction, each of the bit lines being in contact with first side surfaces of the semiconductor patterns spaced apart from each other in the third direction, and a source line in contact with second side surfaces of the semiconductor patterns.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a semiconductor substrate a gate structure extending in a vertical direction on the semiconductor device, a plurality of charge trap layers spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction and each having a horizontal cross-section with a first ring shape surrounding the gate structure, a plurality of semiconductor patterns spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction and each having a horizontal cross-section with a second ring shape surrounding the plurality of charge trap layers, a source region and a source line at one end of each of the plurality of semiconductor patterns in a horizontal direction, and a drain region and a drain line at an other end of each of the plurality of semiconductor patterns in the horizontal direction. The gate structure may include a gate insulation layer and a gate electrode layer.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a word line extending in a vertical direction, a semiconductor pattern having a ring-shaped horizontal cross-section that extends around the word line, a bit line disposed at a first end of the semiconductor pattern, and a capacitor structure disposed at second end of the semiconductor pattern. The capacitor structure includes a lower electrode layer electrically connected to the second end of the semiconductor pattern, having a ring-shaped horizontal cross-section, and including a connector extending in the vertical direction. A first segment extends in a horizontal direction from an upper end of the connector, and a second segment extends in the horizontal direction from a lower end of the connector. An upper electrode layer surrounded by the lower electrode layer, extends in the vertical direction, and a capacitor dielectric layer is between the lower electrode layer and the upper electrode layer.

Abstract: Three-dimensional semiconductor memory devices are provided. A three-dimensional semiconductor memory device includes a stack structure that includes gate electrodes on a substrate. The three-dimensional semiconductor memory device includes a first vertical structure, a second vertical structure, a third vertical structure, and a fourth vertical structure that penetrate the stack structure and are sequentially arranged in a zigzag shape along a first direction. Moreover, the three-dimensional semiconductor memory device includes a first bit line that extends in the first direction. The first bit line vertically overlaps the second vertical structure and the fourth vertical structure. Centers of the second and fourth vertical structures are spaced apart at the same distance from the first bit line. The first vertical structure is spaced apart at a first distance from the first bit line. The third vertical structure is spaced apart at a second distance from the first bit line.

Abstract: A resistive memory device includes a memory cell array, control logic, a voltage generator, and a read-out circuit. The memory cell array includes memory cells connected to bit lines. Each memory cell includes a variable resistance element to store data. The control logic receives a read command and generates a voltage control signal for generating a plurality of read voltages based on the read command. The voltage generator sequentially applies the read voltages to the bit lines based on the voltage control signal. The read-out circuit is connected to the bit lines. The control logic determines values of data stored in the memory cells by controlling the read-out circuit to sequentially compare values of currents sequentially output from the memory cells in response to the plurality of read voltages with a reference current.

Abstract: A negative active material and a rechargeable lithium battery, the negative active material including a silicon-carbon composite, the silicon-carbon composite including crystalline carbon; amorphous carbon; and silicon nanoparticles having a needle shape, a flake shape, a sheet shape, or a combination thereof, wherein the silicon nanoparticles have a D50 particle diameter of 5 nm to 150 nm and an aspect ratio of 4 to 10.

Abstract: A display apparatus includes: a substrate including a first area and a plurality of second areas extending from the first area in different directions from each other; a light emitting device disposed on the first area and including a first electrode, a second electrode, and an intermediate layer between the first electrode and the second electrode; a first organic layer disposed on the first area, where a distance from an upper surface of the first organic layer to an upper surface of the substrate is greater than a distance from an upper surface of the first electrode to the upper surface of the substrate; and a disconnection portion disposed on the first organic layer and including a tip, an edge of an upper surface of which more protrudes away from a center of the first organic layer than an edge of the upper surface of the first organic layer.

Abstract: A display device includes a substrate including a display area and a peripheral area outside the display area, an inorganic insulating layer on the substrate, an organic insulating layer on a part of the inorganic insulating layer to expose a first upper surface of the inorganic insulating layer, the first upper surface overlapping the peripheral area, a display element at the display area and including a pixel electrode on the organic insulating layer, a pixel definition layer covering an edge of the pixel electrode and including an opening that overlaps a central portion of the pixel electrode, a first inorganic pattern layer between the organic insulating layer and the pixel definition layer, and a second inorganic pattern layer in contact with the first upper surface of the inorganic insulating layer, wherein the first inorganic pattern layer and the second inorganic pattern layer include a same material.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device is disclosed. The semiconductor memory device may include a data storage layer including data storage devices, an interconnection layer disposed on the data storage layer, and a selection element layer provided between the data storage layer and the interconnection layer. The interconnection layer may include bit lines extending in a first direction. The selection element layer may include a cell transistor connected between one of the data storage devices and one of the bit lines, and the cell transistor may include an active pattern and a word line, which crosses the active pattern and is extended in a second direction crossing the first direction.

Abstract: A display panel including a penetrating portion includes a substrate including a first region and a second region, which are spaced apart from each other with the penetrating portion provided therebetween, and a display element arranged on the substrate and including a first display element overlapping the first region and a second display element overlapping the second region, wherein a first side surface of the substrate that corresponds to an edge of the first region, and a second side surface of the substrate that corresponds to an edge of the second region, define at least portions of the penetrating portion, and an interval between the first side surface and the second side surface from an upper surface of the substrate, the upper surface facing the display element, is less than an interval between the first side surface and the second side surface from a lower surface of the substrate that does not face the display element.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes: a first word line extending in a vertical direction; a second word line spaced apart from the first word line in a first horizontal direction and extending in the vertical direction; a first semiconductor pattern of a ring-shaped horizontal cross-section surrounding the first word line and constituting a portion of a first cell transistor; a second semiconductor pattern of a ring-shaped horizontal cross-section surrounding the second word line and constituting a portion of a second cell transistor; a cell capacitor between the first semiconductor pattern and the second semiconductor pattern and including a first electrode, a second electrode, and a capacitor dielectric film; a first bit line opposite the cell capacitor with respect to the first semiconductor pattern and extending in a second horizontal direction; and a second bit line opposite the cell capacitor with respect to the second semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a plurality of semiconductor structures disposed on a substrate, a first conductive pattern, a first conductive pattern, a gate insulation pattern, a second conductive pattern and a second impurity region. Each of the semiconductor structures includes a first semiconductor pattern that has a linear shape that extends in a first direction and second semiconductor patterns that protrude from an upper surface of the first semiconductor pattern in a vertical direction. The semiconductor structures are spaced apart from each other in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction. The first conductive pattern is formed between the first semiconductor patterns. The first impurity region is formed in an opening in the first semiconductor pattern adjacent to a first sidewall of the second semiconductor pattern.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes a substrate including a recess, a first gate insulation layer on a lower sidewall and a bottom of the recess, the first gate insulation layer including an insulation material having hysteresis characteristics, a first gate electrode on the first gate insulation layer inside the recess, a second gate electrode contacting the first gate electrode in the recess, the second gate electrode including a material different from a material of the first gate electrode, and impurity regions on the substrate and adjacent to sidewalls of the recess, bottoms of the impurity regions being higher than a bottom of the second gate electrode relative to a bottom of the substrate.

Abstract: A vertical semiconductor device includes: a channel on a substrate, the channel extending in a first direction substantially perpendicular to an upper surface of the substrate; a first data storage structure contacting a first sidewall of the channel; a second data storage structure on a second sidewall of the channel; and gate patterns on a surface of the second data storage structure, wherein the gate patterns are spaced apart from each other in the first direction, and the gate patterns extend in a second direction substantially parallel to the upper surface of the substrate.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes first conductive lines stacked in a first direction perpendicular to a top surface of a substrate, second conductive lines extending in the first direction and intersecting the first conductive lines, and memory cells provided at intersection points between the first conductive lines and the second conductive lines, respectively. Each of the memory cells includes a semiconductor pattern parallel to the top surface of the substrate, the semiconductor pattern including a source region having a first conductivity type, a drain region having a second conductivity type, and a channel region between the source region and the drain region, first and second gate electrodes surrounding the channel region of the semiconductor pattern, and a charge storage pattern between the semiconductor pattern and the first and second gate electrodes.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device according to the present inventive concept includes: a semiconductor substrate; a common source semiconductor layer doped with impurities of a first conductivity type on the semiconductor substrate; a plurality of insulating layers and a plurality of word line structures alternately stacked on the common source semiconductor layer; and a memory cell dielectric layer penetrating the plurality of insulating layers and the plurality of word line structures and covering an internal wall of a channel hole extending in a vertical direction, and a memory cell structure filling the channel hole. The memory cell structure includes a channel layer, which has the memory cell dielectric layer thereon and fills at least a portion of the channel hole, and a drain layer covering an upper surface of the channel layer, doped with impurities of a second conductivity type, and filling some of an upper portion of the channel hole.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device includes a bit line extending in a first direction, a channel pattern on the bit line, the channel pattern including first and second vertical portions facing each other and a horizontal portion connecting the first and second vertical portions, first and second word lines provided on the horizontal portion and between the first and second vertical portions and extended in a second direction crossing the bit line, and a gate insulating pattern provided between the first word line and the channel pattern and between the second word line and the channel pattern.