Abstract: An object is to obtain a diode having a small voltage drop and to reduce the fabrication cost of a converter circuit. A photoelectric transducer device including: a photoelectric transducer element; and a converter circuit stepping up or stepping down an output of the photoelectric transducer element and including a switching element and a rectifier, in which the switching element is a first insulated gate bipolar transistor that is normally off and in which the rectifier is a second insulated gate bipolar transistor that is diode-connected and normally on.

Abstract: An AD converter includes a first oscillator outputting a first frequency in accordance with a reference voltage; a second oscillator outputting a second frequency in accordance with an input voltage; a first counter measuring the first frequency; a second counter measuring the second frequency; and a comparator comparing a measurement result of the first frequency and a measurement result of the second frequency and outputting a digital value in accordance with the input voltage.

Abstract: The duty ratio of a PWM signal is prevented from being zero immediately after the start of PWM control, for example. A PWM limiter circuit has a structure with which a signal output from the PWM limiter circuit can be prevented from being higher than a certain value or lower than a certain value. The PWM limiter circuit includes a comparator circuit, a controller circuit, and a switch circuit. The highest duty ratio reference voltage VrefH is input to a first input terminal. The lowest duty ratio reference voltage VrefL is input to a second input terminal. Voltage Verr output from an error amplifier is input to a third input terminal.

Abstract: A flexible endoscope part including an operation member pulling operated to curve a flexible part, a plurality of joint rings connected substantially coaxially to be pivot-able in relation to each other, each the joint rings have an opening part and an engagement part, and an operation-member receiving unit which is inserted into the opening part from outside to inside in the radial direction of the joint ring, is formed by performing bending process on an elastic wire material, is protruded into inside of the joint ring, wherein the operation-member insertion part forms a coil shape which extends in an insertion direction of the operation member.

Abstract: An endoscopic system is composed by connecting an endoscope and peripheral equipment. The endoscope has an endoscope main body, and an imaging unit, which is slender imaging optics. The endoscope is constructed so that the endoscope main body and imaging unit are freely connectable and separable. The endoscope main body has an insertion part which is inserted into an abdominal cavity, a branch member, which is a middle end of the endoscope main body, and provided in a proximal end portion of the insertion part, a first extension part provided in the proximal end portion of the branch member, a main body operation unit provided in a proximal end portion of the first extension part, a universal cord, and a connection unit, which is provided in a proximal end portion of the universal cord, and is connected to the peripheral equipment.

Abstract: One of the objects of the present invention is to suppress variations in the frequency response of a feedback circuit due to variations in the value of a passive element in an error amplifier. One of the embodiments of the present invention provides a configuration allowing the frequency response of a feedback circuit in an error amplifier to be determined by not only the value of a passive element but the gain of an active element. This error amplifier includes a voltage-to-current converter which is an active element. In addition, a first terminal, a second terminal, an operational amplifier, a first resistor, a second resistor, first to fifth transistors, a first current source, and a second current source can be built into an integrated circuit, and a capacitor can be externally provided.

Abstract: A DMA controller comprises a reading start address register storing a reading start address from which reading starts; a reading data size register storing the size of data to be read in a single reading operation; an offset value register storing an offset value for updating the reading start address after the reading operation ends; a repetition upper limit value register storing the upper limit value of the number of times of repetition of the reading operation; and a repetition counter register storing the number of times of repetition of the reading operation. The controller of the DMA controller outputs an interrupt signal indicating that the processing of the DMA controller ends when the value stored in the repetition counter register reaches the value stored in the repetition upper limit value register.

Abstract: An endoscope main body constituting an endoscope in a state in which an elongated detachable observation optical system is attached to the endoscope main body, and in a proximal end of an insertion section of the endoscope main body, a branch member is disposed. The branch member is provided so that a first extended section and a second extended section are branched from each other and thereby first and second operating sections are separately arranged. Furthermore, the branch member has an opening as an inlet which guides an imaging module in a distal end of the observation optical system to a hard portion of the insertion section.

Abstract: A continuous pore elastomer featured by being made of a polyurethane, having a three dimensional network pore structure of which skeletons have an average thickness of 20 ?m or less and 80% or more of the skeletons have a thickness within the range of 2 to 20 ?m, having an apparent density of 0.2 to 0.4 g/cm3, containing a surfactant with a HLB value of 8 or more, and being capable of absorbing water instantly; a process for producing the continuous pore elastomer, comprising a step of extracting out the pore generation agent from the molding with water; and a water-absorbing roller and a swab obtained by using the continuous pore elastomer.

Abstract: A control program generation device includes a control program reuse library for storing a plurality of control modules, and an architecture pattern library for storing a plurality of units of pattern information representing architecture patterns. In addition, the control program generation device correlates and displays architecture patterns selected from the architecture pattern library, program structure of control programs including the architecture patterns, execution times of the control modules, and time constraints. Moreover, in addition, the control program generation device connects control modules of the control program reuse library on the basis of the program structure.

Abstract: A solid-state imaging device includes: a pixel array unit having arranged unit pixels, each having a charge generator generating signal charges, and a signal output unit having a charge transfer unit, and generating and outputting a processing-target signal corresponding to the signal charges; a driving controller driving the unit pixels, the driving controller sequentially driving the charge transfer unit; and a transfer driving voltage setting unit setting, on the basis of a pixel signal based on a saturated charge amount of the charge generator and a pixel signal based on an intermediate voltage retained charge amount retained in the charge generator after intermediate transfer in which charge transfer is performed at a level between a complete transfer level and an off level, the level of the intermediate voltage such that an actual intermediate voltage retained charge amount becomes the expectation value of the intermediate voltage retained charge amount.

Abstract: A divider circuit includes a shift register which generates 2X (X is a natural number greater than or equal to 2) pulse signals in accordance with a first clock signal or a second clock signal and outputs them, and a divided signal output circuit which generates a signal to be a third clock signal with a cycle X times longer than a cycle of the first clock signal in accordance with the 2X pulse signals and outputs it. The divided signal output circuit includes X first transistors which control whether voltage of the signal to be the third clock signal is set to first voltage; and X second transistors which control whether voltage of the signal to be the third clock signal is set to second voltage.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus includes a first reverse osmosis membrane device 13 that removes a salt content from raw water supplied with predetermined pressure, a second reverse osmosis membrane device 15 that removes a salt content in first permeated water 12 from the first reverse osmosis membrane device 13, a first flow regulation valve 17 that regulates flow rate of first concentrated water 16 from the first reverse osmosis membrane device 13, a second flow regulation valve 19 that regulate flow rate of second concentrated water 18 from the second reverse osmosis membrane device 15, and a control device that measures a supply temperature of the raw water 11 by a thermometer 20, controls the first flow regulation valve 17 to maintain discharge amount of concentrated water constant, and controls the second flow regulation valve 19 to reduce a return amount of water.

Abstract: A method of cleaning a filtration membrane includes an alkaline treatment process for supplying an alkaline agent 24 to seawater 11 for a predetermined period of time and filtering the seawater 11, to which the alkaline agent 24 is supplied, through a reverse osmosis membrane 15 during a filtration treatment operation, and a neutralization treatment process for supplying an acid agent 26 to the seawater 11 for a predetermined period of time and filtering the seawater 11, to which the acid agent 26 is supplied, through the reverse osmosis membrane 15 after the alkaline treatment process.

Abstract: A desalination apparatus includes a pretreatment device 13 having a pretreatment membrane 13a that filters suspended matters in raw water 11 with added chlorine-containing water 12, a reverse osmosis membrane device 17 having a reverse osmosis membrane 16 that removes a salt content from filtrate water 14 supplied from the pretreatment device 13 to produce permeated water 15, and a reducing-agent injection device 30 that neutralizes the added chlorine on an upstream side of the reverse osmosis membrane device 17. The reducing-agent injection device 30 extracts a part 14a of the filtrate water 14, adds metering SBS solution 18 to the part, obtains a maximum change point (equivalence point) of the oxidation-reduction potential of a reducing agent and chlorine, obtains reducing-agent additive concentration (Csm) corresponding to the equivalence point, and supplies the SBS solution 18 corresponding to the concentration to the filtrate water 14 to thereby neutralize the chlorine.

Abstract: A communication adapter apparatus connects electrical apparatuses, sensors, and other apparatuses to a network. In order to obtain a communication adapter apparatus that is capable of realizing simplification of setting at the time of execution of works, simplification of execution of works, reduction of power consumption, and simplification of system setting, the communication adapter apparatus is a communication adapter that connects one of plural connection object apparatuses having an apparatus object consisting of information, which is based on functions of the apparatuses, and operable control items, respectively and a network to which a controller for remotely controlling the connection object apparatus is connected.

Abstract: A flexible endoscope part including an operation member pulling operated to curve a flexible part, a plurality of joint rings connected substantially coaxially to be pivot-able in relation to each other, each the joint rings have an opening part and an engagement part, and an operation-member receiving unit which is inserted into the opening part from outside to inside in the radial direction of the joint ring, is formed by performing bending process on an elastic wire material, is protruded into inside of the joint ring, wherein the operation-member insertion part forms a coil shape which extends in an insertion direction of the operation member.

Abstract: A DC-DC converter is driven by single high input voltage, and includes a voltage converter circuit and a control circuit. The increase of the occupied area of the DC-DC converter is suppressed. The DC-DC converter includes an input terminal to which input voltage is applied; a voltage converter circuit connected to the input terminal, and including a first transistor; a control circuit configured to control the voltage converter circuit, and including a second transistor including a silicon material in a channel formation region; and a third transistor provided between the input terminal and the control circuit, and configured to convert the input voltage into power supply voltage that is lower than the input voltage. The first transistor and the third transistor include an oxide semiconductor material in channel formation regions. The first transistor and the third transistor are stacked over the second transistor with an insulating film provided therebetween.

Abstract: A data acquirer acquires data from another device and stores the data in a buffer. A communicator transmits the data stored in the buffer to a data collection server. A line state acquirer acquires information on a line (line state data) and accumulates and stores the acquired line state data in a line state storer. A transmission data amount determiner determines a data amount transmittable by one connection to the data collection server based on the line state data stored in the line state storer. A transmission schedule generator generates a transmission schedule for data based on a total amount of data stored in the buffer and the data amount transmittable by one connection. The communicator transmits data according to the transmission schedule.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for easily generating ozone with a high concentration in the air without requiring a high voltage power supply or a vacuum apparatus, wherein an ozone gas with a high concentration is generated in the atmosphere around a hemimorphic crystal of which the direction of polarization is uniform by placing the crystal in the air and repeatedly heating and cooling the crystal, are provided.