Abstract: A magnetic storage device includes magnetoresistance effect elements. First and second write lines extend along a first direction. Current flows in the first and second write lines only in the first direction and a second direction opposite to the first direction, respectively. A third write line extends along a third direction orthogonal to the first direction. The elements are respectively placed where the first and third write lines cross and the second and third write lines cross. First and second electrodes are provided between the first and third write lines and between the second and third write lines. First and second plugs are respectively connected to the first and second electrodes. The first plug stands at a position apart from the first write line along the third direction. The second plug stands at a position apart from the second write line along the opposite direction to the third direction.

Abstract: There is provided a document use tracking system including a use history recording unit that records, for each document stored in a document storage unit, a use history record for each user about each element in the document, a search condition reception unit that receives an input of a search condition, an element score calculation unit that calculates, for each element of each document, an element score indicating closeness of fit of the element for the search condition, an importance score calculation unit that calculates, for each combination of an element and a user who has performed an operation, an importance score based on the element score of the element and the use history record of the user for the element, and a monitored object information presentation unit that presents the importance score calculated by the importance score calculation unit and the user corresponding to the importance score.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device includes a magnetoresistance element which has first and second ends. First data is written into the magnetoresistance element by an electric current flowing from the first end to the second end. Second data is written into the magnetoresistance element by an electric current flowing from the second end to the first end. A first p-type MOSFET has one end connected to the first end. A second p-type MOSFET has one end connected to the second end. A first n-type MOSFET has one end connected to the first end. A second n-type MOSFET has one end connected to the second end. A current source circuit is connected to each another end of the first and second p-type MOSFETs and supplies an electric current. A current sink circuit is connected to each another end of the first and second n-type MOSFETs and draws an electric current.

Abstract: A spin injection write type magnetic memory device includes memory cells which have a magnetoresistance effect element and a select transistor. The magnetoresistance effect element has one end connected to a first node. The select transistor has a first diffusion area connected to another end of the magnetoresistance effect element and a second diffusion area connected to a second node. A select line extends along a first direction and is connected to a gate electrode of the select transistor. A first interconnect extends along a second direction and is connected to the first node. A second interconnect extends along the second direction and is connected to the second node. Two of the memory cells adjacent along the first direction share the first node. Two of the memory cells adjacent along the second direction share the second node.

Abstract: The document management server includes an identification information providing unit that receives a request to obtain identification information required for accessing a document from a client, generates the identification information for the received request, and sends the generated identification information to the client; a relation information management unit that manages relation information of the requested document and the identification information generated for the request; and a history information management unit that manages information on the client who has sent the request, associating with the identification information.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device includes a plurality of variable resistance elements arranged in parallel between a first and second nodes and having resistance values which vary depending on data stored in the elements, a selection transistor connected to the first node to perform selection on the plurality of variable resistance elements, and a bit line connected to the second node. A plurality of current paths including the variable resistance elements between the first and second nodes have different resistance values.

Abstract: A magnetic memory device includes a plurality of variable resistance elements arranged in parallel between a first and second nodes and having resistance values which vary depending on data stored in the elements, a selection transistor connected to the first node to perform selection on the plurality of variable resistance elements, and a bit line connected to the second node. A plurality of current paths including the variable resistance elements between the first and second nodes have different resistance values.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives a bitstream that is divided into units encoding a moving picture and includes a stream header indicating how the units are to be decoded. The receiving apparatus estimates the contents of the stream header from the contents of the units, so that decoding of the units can begin before the stream header is received. The receiving apparatus preferably checks for errors in the analysis and decoding of the units, and modifies the estimated stream-header information when an error is discovered. The same unit may be analyzed and decoded repeatedly to hasten the correct estimation of the stream-header information.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives a bitstream that is divided into units encoding a moving picture and includes a stream header indicating how the units are to be decoded. The receiving apparatus estimates the contents of the stream header from the contents of the units, so that decoding of the units can begin before the stream header is received. The receiving apparatus preferably checks for errors in the analysis and decoding of the units, and modifies the estimated stream-header information when an error is discovered. The same unit may be analyzed and decoded repeatedly to hasten the correct estimation of the stream-header information.

Abstract: A receiving apparatus receives a bitstream that is divided into units encoding a moving picture and includes a stream header indicating how the units are to be decoded. The receiving apparatus estimates the contents of the stream header from the contents of the units, so that decoding of the units can begin before the stream header is received. The receiving apparatus preferably checks for errors in the analysis and decoding of the units, and modifies the estimated stream-header information when an error is discovered. The same unit may be analyzed and decoded repeatedly to hasten the correct estimation of the stream-header information.

Abstract: A treatment method for preservation of plant leaves wherein the plant leaves are immersed in a dehydrating solvent consisting of acetone and ethyl alcohol to replace the tissue water and remove chlorophyll in the leaves by the dehydrating solvent. Thereafter, the leaves are immersed in a permeating solution containing polyethylene glycol and acetone for allowing polyethylene glycol to permeate the leaves for replacing the dehydrating solvent. Thereafter, the leaves are dyed with a coloring matter.

Abstract: Moving picture encoding method and apparatus in which deterioration in quality of a moving picture which is decoded by a decoding apparatus can be suppressed by effectively making the most of a transmission band under limitation of a transmission band of a transmission path are provided. The apparatus calculates a prediction code amount with respect to each frame constructing a moving picture. A target code amount upon encoding of the current frame is calculated on the basis of a predetermined target bit rate or code amount information regarding a preceding frame. An area to be encoded of the current frame is determined on the basis of the target code amount and the prediction code amount.

Abstract: A shape information coder divides the pixels in the shape information into subsets representing different subsamplings of the shape information. Each pixel in each subset is coded with reference to a context which may be derived from reference pixels in more than one of the subsets. The context preferably includes reference pixels located on all sides of the pixel being coded, which leads to efficient coding. The shape information coder may have two or more cascaded stages, each operating as above, with one subset of pixels passed from each stage to be coded in the next stage. The resulting coded shape information is useful in, for example, wavelet coding of pictures.

Abstract: A scrubber including a casing having an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet. An impeller is mounted in the casing, and the impeller is rotatable about its own axis. An exhaust gas can be introduced into the center of the impeller through the exhaust gas inlet of the casing. A cleaning liquid discharge nozzle is positioned at the center of the impeller for spraying a cleaning liquid in the impeller. Also, a baffle member is spaced apart from and surrounds the impeller. A mixture of the exhaust gas and the cleaning liquid exiting the impeller impinges on the baffle member. The cleaning liquid discharge nozzle is provided inside and rigidly connected to the impeller so as to rotate together with the impeller. The nozzle has a plurality of cleaning liquid discharge orifices extending radially through a cylindrical wall thereof to discharge a cleaning liquid into the impeller.

Abstract: A shape information coder divides the pixels in the shape information into subsets representing different subsamplings of the shape information. Each pixel in each subset is coded with reference to a context which may be derived from reference pixels in more than one of the subsets. The context preferably includes reference pixels located on all sides of the pixel being coded, which leads to efficient coding. The shape information coder may have two or more cascaded stages, each operating as above, with one subset of pixels passed from each stage to be coded in the next stage. The resulting coded shape information is useful in, for example, wavelet coding of pictures.

Abstract: A shape information coder divides the pixels in the shape information into subsets representing different subsamplings of the shape information. Each pixel in each subset is coded with reference to a context which may be derived from reference pixels in more than one of the subsets. The context preferably includes reference pixels located on all sides of the pixel being coded, which leads to efficient coding. The shape information coder may have two or more cascaded stages, each operating as above, with one subset of pixels passed from each stage to be coded in the next stage. The resulting coded shape information is useful in, for example, wavelet coding of pictures.

Abstract: A shape information coder divides the pixels in the shape information into subsets representing different subsamplings of the shape information. Each pixel in each subset is coded with reference to a context which may be derived from reference pixels in more than one of the subsets. The context preferably includes reference pixels located on all sides of the pixel being coded, which leads to efficient coding. The shape information coder may have two or more cascaded stages, each operating as above, with one subset of pixels passed from each stage to be coded in the next stage. The resulting coded shape information is useful in, for example, wavelet coding of pictures.

Abstract: A shape information coder divides the pixels in the shape information into subsets representing different subsamplings of the shape information. Each pixel in each subset is coded with reference to a context which may be derived from reference pixels in more than one of the subsets. The context preferably includes reference pixels located on all sides of the pixel being coded, which leads to efficient coding. The shape information coder may have two or more cascaded stages, each operating as above, with one subset of pixels passed from each stage to be coded in the next stage. The resulting coded shape information is useful in, for example, wavelet coding of pictures.

Abstract: A scrubber comprises a casing having an exhaust gas inlet and an exhaust gas outlet; an impeller mounted in the casing, and which is rotated about its own axis, an exhaust gas introduced into the center of the impeller through the exhaust gas inlet of the casing; a cleaning liquid discharge nozzle positioned at the center of the impeller to spray a cleaning liquid in the impeller; and, a baffle member spaced apart from and surrounding the impeller on which a mixture of the exhaust gas and the cleaning liquid exiting the impeller impinges. The cleaning liquid discharge nozzle is provided inside and rigidly connected to the impeller to rotate together with the impeller. The nozzle has a plurality of cleaning liquid discharge orifices extending radially through the cylindrical wall thereof to discharge a cleaning liquid into the impeller.

Abstract: There is a treatment method for allowing cut flowers to be kept appearing like natural flowers for a long period of time for the purpose of decoration, comprising the steps of removing the tissue water of cut flowers of roses or the like, allowing polyethylene glycol to permeate into the tissue once filled with tissue water, and dyeing. The cut flowers are packed with leaves for offering as merchandise. However, leaves are generally thicker than petals and their nerves act as barriers.