Abstract: An abrasion detecting apparatus is configured to detect an abrasion of a component of a cutter head of a tunnel boring machine configured to excavate a ground using a cutter to bore a tunnel, the abrasion detecting apparatus including: an abrasion detection probe located rearward of a front end of the cutter by a certain distance and located forward or rearward of a front end of a component, whose abrasion needs to be detected, of the cutter head by a certain distance, the abrasion detection probe including an abrasion detecting portion at a front end portion thereof, the abrasion detecting portion abrading away by contact with the ground to be excavated; and a detecting device configured to detect an abrasion of the abrasion detecting portion.

Abstract: An optical switch includes a mirror to reflect an input light; a controller to generate a control signal representing a target rotation angle of the mirror; a generator to generate a low-frequency signal; an adder to superimpose the low-frequency signal on the control signal; a driver to drive the mirror with a drive voltage corresponding to the control signal on which the low-frequency signal is superimposed; a detector to detect a frequency component or a harmonic component of the low-frequency signal included in an output light reflected by the mirror; and a correction unit to correct the control signal based on the detection result by the detector. The generator determines an amplitude of the low-frequency signal according to the target rotation angle.

Abstract: An abdominal impedance measurement apparatus includes a plurality of electrodes for measuring an abdominal impedance of a human subject, electrode supporting member for supporting the electrodes, and a frame that is disposable around the human subject. A light emitter is supported by the frame for emitting light beams toward the inside of the frame. A mark is provided at the electrode supporting member. This mark is capable of being irradiated with the light beams.

Abstract: An optical switching apparatus changes an angle of a movable mirror reflecting light input to the optical switching apparatus and performs switching control for switching an output port that outputs the light reflected by the movable mirror. The optical switching apparatus includes an acquiring unit that acquires intensity information concerning the light output from the output port; a controller that based on the intensity information acquired by the acquiring unit and by adjusting the angle of the movable mirror, performs intensity control of the light output; a detector that based on the intensity information, detects a fluctuation greater than a predetermined fluctuation amount of the light output; and a suspending unit that suspends the intensity control by the controller, if the detector detects the fluctuation.

Abstract: A linear measurement apparatus includes a measuring unit including at least one first noncontact distance measuring sensor and one second noncontact distance measuring sensor supported at a frame and aligned on opposite sides of a measured object. The measuring unit measures a plurality of first gap distances to a plurality of first object positions in a plurality of parallel first measurement lines and a plurality of second gap distances to a plurality of second object positions in a plurality of parallel second measurement lines. A distance calculator calculates a plurality of candidate object lengths on the basis of the first and second gap distances, each candidate object length being a distance between one of the first object positions and one of the second object positions. A maximum selector selects a maximum object length from among the plurality of candidate object lengths.

Abstract: A light source supplies optical signal to an optical switch and a detector detects light receiving level. A control unit changes a deflection control amount for changing an angle of a tilt mirror, and outputs the deflection control amount to a driving unit. When an input and an output ports are same, optical offset of the tilt mirror is calculated based on optimal angle at which the light detector detects an optimal point of the light receiving level. Whenever the input and the output port are different, a structure parameter of the tilt mirror is calculated based on the optical offset and the optimal angle. The optical offset and the structure parameter are stored in a memory as a test result.

Abstract: Four first electrodes are attached on right clavicle, the vicinity of on left clavicle, on right lowermost rib, and the position on left lowermost rib, corresponding to limb leads 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG). Two second electrodes are attached on such positions of the living body that correspond to a lead V2 and a lead V4 of 12-lead ECG. First ECG data set correspond to leads I and II of 12-lead ECG. A second ECG data set including the leads V2 and V4. A heart vector is calculated on the first and second ECG data sets, and predetermined first lead vectors of leads I, II, V2 and V4. A third ECG data set including leads V1, V3, V5 and V6 is calculated based on the heart vector and predetermined second lead vectors of leads V1, V3, V5 and V6. A fourth ECG data set from leads III, aVR, aVL and aVF of 12-lead ECG based on the first ECG data set. The 12-lead ECG is derived based on the first to fourth ECG data sets.

Abstract: An abdomen width determiner determines an abdomen width value of a human subject. A memory stores a correlation between abdomen width values and waist circumferences of human beings. A waist circumference calculator calculates a waist circumference of the human subject on the basis of the abdomen width value determined by the abdomen width determiner and the correlation stored in the memory. The correlation stored in the memory may be expressed by the following regression formula: Y=aX+b where “Y” is a waist circumference of a human being, “X” is an abdomen width value of a human being, and “a” and “b” are constants.

Abstract: A digital scale is provided that switches a measuring interval according to the amount of variation of sampled data, and computes a weight. Embodiments include a scale with pre-stored scale intervals set at multiple levels, and allowable ranges of fluctuation that correspond to the scale intervals. The scale acquires digital data of a load continuously, and computes a predetermined number, or a fluctuation range in a predetermined time, of the acquired digital data. The scale then determines the degree of variation of the digital data by comparing the computed fluctuation range with the allowable range of fluctuation stored for each scale interval, and switches the scale interval based on the determined degree of variation, thereby allowing the scale to measure and compute the weight of the load even if the fluctuation is large.

Abstract: A light source supplies optical signal to an optical switch and a detector detects light receiving level. A control unit changes a deflection control amount for changing an angle of a tilt mirror, and outputs the deflection control amount to a driving unit. When an input and an output ports are same, optical offset of the tilt mirror is calculated based on optimal angle at which the light detector detects an optimal point of the light receiving level. Whenever the input and the output port are different, a structure parameter of the tilt mirror is calculated based on the optical offset and the optimal angle. The optical offset and the structure parameter are stored in a memory as a test result.

Abstract: A bioelectrical impedance measuring apparatus includes a measuring unit for sequentially measuring a bioelectrical impedance of a living subject. The apparatus may further include a period determiner for determining a fluctuation period of fluctuation in values of the bioelectrical impedance measured by the measuring unit, the fluctuation being caused by breathing of the living subject. A calculator calculates an average of a plurality of the values of the bioelectrical impedance measured by the measuring unit within the fluctuation period determined by the period determiner.

Abstract: In order to allow bit-interleaved-parity calculation to be easily performed while maintaining compatibility with an existing system during transmission of data having mixed bit rates, header information of a first bit rate is added to data of the first bit rate and data of a second bit rate, time-division multiplexing is performed on the header-information-added data signals to generate a data string and a frame header is added thereto to generate a frame signal, parities of the frame signal that is sequentially generated are determined, parity bits for parity checking for the data signals of the first bit rate and the data signals of the second bit rate are inserted into the frame signal, based on a result of the parity calculation.

Abstract: A mirror controller of an optical switch comprises a signal generator (10, 82, 83) for passing the optical signal on the same light path as the one for optical communication using the optical switch, and an image analyzer (15, 16, 81) detecting the optical signal as the light scattered by at least one of tilt mirrors (111, 123) and an output collimator array (14). The image analyzer detects the position of the light beam image as a control position (121, 141, 85) based on the scattered light, and controls the tilt mirrors in such a manner that the detected control position coincides with the predetermined desired target position (122, 142, 84, 86) on at least one of the tilt mirrors and the output collimator array. The mirror controller can realize the connection test of the optical signal between input and output with high accuracy and reliability.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch module is disclosed.

Abstract: A first header-attaching unit attaches to data of a low speed bit rate A, a header of the bit rate A. A second header-attaching unit attaches the header of the bit rate A to data of a high speed bit rate B. A combining unit combines outputs of the first and the second header-attaching units. A low speed scrambling unit performs a scrambling process on combined data by using a clock corresponding to the bit rate A. A high speed scrambling unit performs a scrambling process on the data of the bit rate B by using a clock corresponding to the bit rate B. During a timing corresponding to the bit rate A in the frame, a selector selects an output of the low speed scrambling unit. During a timing corresponding to the bit rate B in the frame, the selector selects an output of the high speed scrambling unit.

Abstract: Regarding the passive optical network (PON) system of the present invention, in an OLT, data of different bit rates is framed, and framed data rows are subjected to FEC encoding processing without changing the line up of the data, and a check bit is added to the end of the frame, and an optical signal that has been modulated in accordance with the data row to which the check bit has been added is transmitted to the optical transmission line. Then in an ONU that corresponds to a high speed bit rate to which an optical signal from the OLT has been applied via a power splitter, forward error correction of the reception data is performed. As a result in a PON system in which data of different bit rates coexist, the minimum reception rate of a high speed ONU can be improved without having an influence on a low speed ONU.

Abstract: An abdominal impedance measurement apparatus includes a plurality of electrodes for measuring an abdominal impedance of a human subject, electrode supporting member for supporting the electrodes, and a frame that is disposable around the human subject. A light emitter is supported by the frame for emitting light beams toward the inside of the frame. A mark is provided at the electrode supporting member. This mark is capable of being irradiated with the light beams.

Abstract: A semiconductor memory device enabling efficient repair of defects by using limited redundant memory while suppressing a drop of access speed accompanied with the repair of defects of the memory, wherein a first memory array is divided into a plurality of memory regions for each 16 word lines and wherein defective memory addresses in regions are stored in a second memory array. When a memory address for accessing the first memory array is input, the defective memory address of the memory region including the memory to be accessed is read out from the second memory array. In this way, the addresses of defective memory in 16 word lines worth of a memory region are stored in the second memory array 2, therefore addresses of a wider range of defective memory can be stored. For this reason, it becomes possible to repair defects occurring at random efficiently.

Abstract: A scale is provided that switches a scale interval according to the degree of variation of sampled data and acquires a highly reliable weight value based on the switched scale interval.

Abstract: A wavelength selective switch module is disclosed.