Abstract: A multilayer printed circuit board comprises core substrates, each having conductor patterns. The core substrates are laminated such that the conductor patterns of adjacent core substrates face each other. At least one insulating layer is provided between the core substrates to insulate the conductor patterns from each other. At least one connection lies between the core substrates, the connection connecting the conductor patterns with each other. The connection comprises an alloy comprising a first metal having a melting point below the heat resistant temperature of the core substrates and a second metal having a melting point above the heat resistant temperature. The connection is formed by thermal compression bonding of a bump of the first metal formed on a conductor pattern of one of the adjacent core substrates to a bump of the second metal formed on a conductor pattern of the other core substrate.

Abstract: There is provided a composite wiring board that occupies a small space and is low in price and a manufacturing method thereof; the composite wiring board comprises at least two rigid wiring boards on end faces of which connection portions are formed, in which each of the rigid wiring boards is arranged so that each of the connection portions is situated on a plane and each of corresponding connection portions is connected with each other in the plane.

Abstract: The PDP of the present invention has first, second and third electrodes. Intervals between the first and second electrode is 0.2 mm or more. A plurality of third electrodes are formed. Protrusions which are shorter than ribs are formed between the plurality of third electrodes. The plurality of third electrodes are connected, in part, to one another or at least connected in part, such that they form a network. In the driving method of the PDP of the present invention, a self-erasing discharge is generated, and subsequently when a potential difference between the electrodes is increased, using the self-erasing discharge as a trigger, discharge is generated and light is emitted.

Abstract: A carbon black producing apparatus comprising a first reaction zone (1) where an oxygen-containing gas and fuel are supplied into the reactor and burned to form a combustion gas flow, a second reaction zone (2) disposed downstream of the first reaction zone and having a feedstock hydrocarbon feed port or ports for supplying a feedstock hydrocarbon to the combustion gas flow, whereby the feedstock hydrocarbon is reacted to produce carbon black, and a third reaction zone (3) disposed downstream of the second reaction zone and designed to stop the reaction, wherein in the first reaction zone, fuel feed port(s) (5) and oxygen-containing gas feed port(s) (6) are provided independently spaced-apart from each other and opened into the reactor from the same side thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of disassembling a plasma display panel (“PDP”) for reutilization. A first method uses a component, which is thermally not contractible at a softening temperature of bonding material used for hermetically bonding a front and back plates, and positioned between the plates. The above component maintains or widens a space provided between the two plates when the PDP is heated, thereby facilitating disassembly of the PDP. The invention also provides a groove on a surface of either or both plates for communicating the bonding material to an exterior of the PDP. Softened bonding material can be drawn out or absorbed through the groove. Heating and cooling of the PDP may be made through a laminated graphite sheet placed on a surface of the PDP for uniformalizing thermal distribution. A second method separates a PDP into two plates by immersing the PDP in etching solution capable of selectively dissolving only lead glass, and melting the bonding material.

Abstract: Attribute information X to be added to the printer data transmitted from a printer driver to a printer is expressed based on the color information of C, M, Y, K. The printer driver appropriately changes the attribute information X expressed based on the color information of C, M, Y, K so that the attribute information X, which is expressed based on the color information of C, M, Y, K, takes an appropriate value, and sends the printer data to the printer. Upon receipt of the printer data, the printer extracts the attribute information X based on the color information of C, M, Y, K of the printer data as received, and executes the printing according to the information.

Abstract: The PDP of the present invention has first, second and third electrodes. Intervals between the first and second electrode is 0.2 mm or more. A plurality of third electrodes are formed. Protrusions which are shorter than ribs are formed between the plurality of third electrodes. The plurality of third electrodes are connected, in part, to one another or at least connected in part, such that they form a network. In the driving method of the PDP of the present invention, a self-erasing discharge is generated, and subsequently when a potential difference between the electrodes is increased, using the self-erasing discharge as a trigger, discharge is generated and light is emitted.

Abstract: An automotive seat-back structure is provided to protect a passenger's neck vertebra at a vehicle's rear-end collision and also support the passenger's lumbar vertebra. The automotive seat-back structure includes a seat-back frame 2, an actuating member 4 and supporting means 7. A first supporting member 5 is carried by a lower end 2c of the seat-back frame 2, while a second supporting member 6 is carried by the actuating member 4 or the supporting means 7. The first and second supporting members 5, 6 carry a lumbar supporting member 8 capable of supporting the passenger's lumbar vertebra on pressure. The member 8 is carried so as to be rotatable back and forth and also movable up and down.

Abstract: An automotive seat-back structure is provided to protect a passenger's neck vertebra at a vehicle's rear-end collision and also support the passenger's lumbar vertebra. The automotive seat-back structure includes a seat-back frame 2, an actuating member 4 and supporting means 7. A first supporting member 5 is carried by a lower end 2c of the seat-back frame 2, while a second supporting member 6 is carried by the actuating member 4 or the supporting means 7. The first and second supporting members 5, 6 carry a lumbar supporting member 8 capable of supporting the passenger's lumbar vertebra on pressure. The member 8 is carried so as to be rotatable back and orth and also movable up and down.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of disassembling a plasma display panel (“PDP”) for reutilization. A first method uses a component, which is thermally not contractible at a softening temperature of bonding material used for hermetically bonding a front and back plates, and positioned between the plates. The above component maintains or widens a space provided between the two plates when the PDP is heated, thereby facilitating disassembly of the PDP. The invention also provides a groove on a surface of either or both plates for communicating the bonding material to an exterior of the PDP. Softened bonding material can be drawn out or absorbed through the groove. Heating and cooling of the PDP may be made through a laminated graphite sheet placed on a surface of the PDP for uniformalizing thermal distribution. A second method separates a PDP into two plates by immersing the PDP in etching solution capable of selectively dissolving only lead glass, and melting the bonding material.

Abstract: A photoreceptor including a support and a photosensitive layer formed thereon, optionally an undercoat layer between the support and the photosensitive layer, wherein when a group of data consisting of N samples of the height x(t)(&mgr;m) of a profile at the interface of the support on the side of the photosensitive layer, the interface of the photosensitive layer on the side of the support, and/or the interface of the undercoat layer on the side of the photosensitive layer, measured perpendicular to a horizontal direction of the support, taken at &Dgr;t (&mgr;m) intervals in the horizontal direction, is subjected to Fourier transformation in accordance with a formula as specified in the specification, in a power spectrum obtained by the Fourier transformation, I(S) represented by a formula specified in the specification has a particular value, a method of evaluating the above photoreceptor, a method of producing the photoreceptor, and an image formation apparatus in which the photoreceptor is incorporated ar

Abstract: There is provided a composite wiring board that occupies a small space and is low in price and a manufacturing method thereof; the composite wiring board comprises at least two rigid wiring boards on end faces of which connection portions are formed, in which each of the rigid wiring boards is arranged so that each of the connection portions is situated on a plane and each of corresponding connection portions is connected with each other in the plane.

Abstract: A polishing apparatus includes a rotatable platen, a first driving device for causing the rotatable platen to rotate, a polishing head provided above the platen rotatably and holding a substrate in a manner such that the substrate faces the platen, a second driving device for causing the polishing head to rotate, an urging device for urging the substrate on the polishing head against the platen, a slurry feeding system for feeding a slurry to the platen, and a cleaning system for supplying a cleaning liquid containing an acid that dissolves a manganese oxide, to the polishing head. The cleaning system includes a nozzle provided in the polishing head for spraying the cleaning liquid to the platen.

Abstract: This relates to a system for and method of illuminating a sign, so that drivers and observers may easily recognize and read the sign and billboard. The apparatus employs an external illumination source that is easy to inspect and maintain. The illumination source and the sign or billboard are separately installed from each other. Light emitted from the illumination source forms an incident angle (.theta.) in the range of 0.degree. to about 30.degree. at any point on the road sign. A road sign area of the sign is made of a retroreflective sheet having a wide observation angle.

Abstract: An analyzer includes an exchangeable and consumable element such as a sensor, column or reagent the characteristic of which specifies an analyzing condition. The element is provided with a non-volatile semiconductor memory which holds an analyzing condition adapted for the element as data. When the element is mounted on an analyzer body, a controller of the analyzer reads the analyzing condition from the memory to update an analyzing condition inherently provided in the analyzer body. The result of analysis and/or operational history information of use of the element may be written into the memory with which the element is provided.

Abstract: An optical apparatus for controlling a wave front of a coherent light including at least a coherent light source, an electrically addressable liquid crystal device having a plurality of pixels receiving the light from said light source, and a signal generator for recording a complex amplitude distribution or hologram on the liquid crystal device.

Abstract: A neuron unit processes a plurality of input signals and outputs an output signal which is indicative of a result of the processing. The neuron unit includes input lines for receiving the input signals, a forward process part including a supplying part for supplying weight functions and an operation part for carrying out an operation on each of the input signals using one of the weight functions and for outputting the output signal, and a self-learning part including a generating part for generating new weight functions based on errors between the output signal of the forward process part and teaching signals and a varying part for varying the weight functions supplied by the supplying part of the forward process part to the new weight functions generated by the generating part.

Abstract: A hierarchical signal processing apparatus includes aggregates having logic operation portions. The apparatus compares a final output signal from a logic operation portion in a final aggregate with a teaching signal, and generates an error signal by taking a signal which exists only in the teaching signal as a positive error signal, and taking a signal which exists only in said final output signal as a negative error signal.

Abstract: In an image forming device including an image reading device, dot signals for one scanning line are detected by a CCD sensor. After their A/D conversion and shading-correction, the detected signals are supplied to a comparison processor. In the comparison processor, the dot signals corresponding to the leading and tailing edges of the original are detected from the dot signals for the one scanning line. The rest of the dot signals are judged to be those other than from the original in the selector, and converted into white dot signals. Consequently, the region other than the original is formed in white for each line. Thus, regardless of the original sheet size, or even if the sheet is obliquely placed, the region other than the original can be detected, and the region can be erased by adding a white background.

Abstract: The solid-state ion sensor of the present invention comprises an inner electrode comprising a metal and a water-insoluble salt of the metal which covers at least a part of the surface of the metal, an ion-selective membrane selectively responsive to the ion species to be determined, and an intermediate layer comprising a hydrophilic polymeric membrane provided between the inner electrode and the ion-selective membrane. The inner electrode comprises a metal and a halogenide of the metal which covers at least a part of the surface of the metal. In the hydrophilic polymeric membrane is dispersed a hydrophilic electrolyte having halogen ions same as or different from those constituting the halogenide with the weight ratio of the electrolyte and the polymer [(electrolyte) wt. %/(polymer) wt. %] being at least 1/100. A polymeric ion-conductor can be used as the hydrophilic polymeric membrane.