Abstract: A fuel injection control apparatus of an internal combustion engine is disclosed. This apparatus is provided with a crank angle detector that includes a signal rotor having a number of tooth portions and a toothless portion. The crank angle detector outputs a first signal corresponding to each tooth portion and a second signal corresponding to the toothless portion. A control computer selectively carries out a first calculation process for calculating the timing of fuel injection using the first signal and a second calculation process for calculating the timing of fuel injection using the second signal. When carrying out the second calculation process, the control computer calculates the timing of fuel injection using the length of time gained by dividing the length of time gained through detection of the toothless portion by the number of tooth portions which can be aligned in the toothless portion.

Abstract: A ceramics composite member includes a structure in which a first ceramic member and a second ceramic member are integrated with a joint portion. The joint portion has a texture in which a silicon phase having an average diameter of 0.05 ?m or more and 10 ?m or less is continuously provided in a network form in interstices of silicon carbide particles having an average particle diameter of 0.1 ?m or more and 0.1 mm or less.

Abstract: A movable roof opening-closing structure rotatively opening and closing a movable roof toward backward at an outside of a vehicle body through a linkage equipped with a first link bar and a second link bar, wherein the linkage is configured with an inequilateral four-bar linkage having a fixed bar at a vehicle body side, and wherein an instant center of the movable roof against the vehicle body when the movable roof is at an entirely closing position is located at one of positions where is ahead of a front end of the movable roof and behind of a rear end of the movable roof.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an anisotropic porous material for a fluid filter which can perform a separation process of a large amount of fluid with high accuracy, which can achieve high flux, and which can improve detergent properties. The anisotropic porous material includes a plurality of pores. Each of the pores has an anisotropic shape in which a major axis and a minor axis can be defined. An arrangement of the pores has an orientation.

Abstract: The dead time of a pulse type X-ray detector is measured without estimation of a true X-ray intensity. The first and the second conditions are used for varying an intensity of an X-ray entering the X-ray detector. The first condition may be the slit width of a receiving slit, at least three kinds of slit width being selected. The second condition may be with or without an absorption plate. The first observed X-ray intensities are observed, with the absorption plate inserted, for three or more values in slit width. Next, the second observed X-ray intensities are observed similarly but with the absorption plate removed. A predetermined relational expression is made up among the first observed X-ray intensity, the second observed X-ray intensity, a ratio k of the second observed X-ray intensity to the first observed X-ray intensity (depending upon attenuation in X-ray intensity caused by the absorption plate) and the dead time ? of the X-ray detector.

Abstract: A void or particle content is determined using the X-ray small angle scattering measurement for a sample made of a thin film having voids or particles disorderly dispersed in the matrix, the diffraction peaks being not available for such a sample. The invention includes three aspects. The first aspect is that an equipment constant is determined and an unknown void or particle content is calculated based on the equipment constant. The second aspect is that a plurality of samples having unknown matrix densities are prepared, the matrix densities are determined so that differences in the matrix densities among the samples become a minimum, and a void or particle content is calculated based on the matrix density and the scale factor of the X-ray small angle scattering. The third aspect is for a plurality of samples having unknown particle densities, and executes procedures similar to those of the second aspect.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a hair restorer which exhibits a stimulatory effect on hair restoration against hair loss, hair thinning, split ends, hair graying, etc., with higher stability and safety than those of known hair restorers containing 5-aminolevulinic acids as active components. By using 5-aminolevulinic acid or its salt or its derivative, and a composition containing iron sodium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate or iron ammonium diethylenetriaminepentaacetate as active components, a hair restorer and a method for restoring hair which are excellent in hair growth promotion, and stability and safety, are provided.

Abstract: A void or particle content is determined using the X-ray small angle scattering measurement for a sample made of a thin film having voids or particles disorderly dispersed in the matrix, the diffraction peaks being not available for such a sample. The invention includes three aspects. The first aspect is that an equipment constant is determined and an unknown void or particle content is calculated based on the equipment constant. The second aspect is that a plurality of samples having unknown matrix densities are prepared, the matrix densities are determined so that differences in the matrix densities among the samples become a minimum, and a void or particle content is calculated based on the matrix density and the scale factor of the X-ray small angle scattering. The third aspect is for a plurality of samples having unknown particle densities, and executes procedures similar to those of the second aspect.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a membrane structure by fitting simulated operation data to measured data obtained by X-ray reflectivity measurement to analyze the membrane structure. The analysis result obtained by the fitting can be prevented from falling into a local solution, so as to obtain an analysis result of the membrane structure with high accuracy. The method for analyzing a membrane structure for analyzing a structure of a membrane specimen having a single layer membrane or a multi-layer membrane by an X-ray reflectivity measurement, includes a step of simultaneously analyzing plural pieces of measured data obtained by measuring the membrane specimen under plural sets of measuring conditions different from each other in at least one of a resolution and a dynamic range.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide an anisotropic porous material for a fluid filter which can perform a separation process of a large amount of fluid with high accuracy, which can achieve high flux, and which can improve detergent properties. The anisotropic porous material includes a plurality of pores. Each of the pores has an anisotropic shape in which a major axis and a minor axis can be defined. An arrangement of the pores has an orientation.

Abstract: A sputtering target contains Si and C as its major components and includes a texture in which a Si phase continuously exists in a net shape in gaps among SiC crystal grains. An average diameter of the Si phase is controlled to 1000 nm or less. The sputtering target is sputtered in an oxygen-containing gas, thereby depositing an optical thin film containing Si and O as its major components, and a third element other than the major components, a total amount of the third element being within a range from 10 to 2000 ppm.

Abstract: The dead time of a pulse type X-ray detector is measured without estimation of a true X-ray intensity. The first and the second conditions are used for varying an intensity of an X-ray entering the X-ray detector. The first condition may be the slit width of a receiving slit, at least three kinds of slit width being selected. The second condition may be with or without an absorption plate. The first observed X-ray intensities are observed, with the absorption plate inserted, for three or more values in slit width. Next, the second observed X-ray intensities are observed similarly but with the absorption plate removed. A predetermined relational expression is made up among the first observed X-ray intensity, the second observed X-ray intensity, a ratio k of the second observed X-ray intensity to the first observed X-ray intensity (depending upon attenuation in X-ray intensity caused by the absorption plate) and the dead time ? of the X-ray detector.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a sample-analyzing method, in which an incident beam slit is provided between an X-ray source and a sample, a receiving side beam slit is provided between the sample and an X-ray detector, the X-ray detector detects X-rays scattered again from the sample and coming through the receiving side beam slit when the sample is irradiated with the X-rays applied through the incident beam slit, and a value is measured from a value detected by the X-ray detector. In the method, a true value is measured from the value, by using a slit function representing an influence which the incident beam slit and receiving side beam slit impose on the detected value. The slit function is determined from an intensity distribution of the X-rays scattered again from the sample. The method obtains an accurate slit function in accordance with the structure of the optical system employed and can therefore analyze the sample with high precision.

Abstract: The present invention adopts a particle dispersed silicon material, comprising silicon carbide as dispersion particles, as a mirror substrate, subjects the mirror substrate to mirror finish polishing to form a mirror body, forms a reflecting film on the mirror body to form a mirror, and uses the mirror to form a large aperture optical system.

Abstract: A movable roof opening-closing structure rotatively opening and closing a movable roof toward backward at an outside of a vehicle body through a linkage equipped with a first link bar and a second link bar, wherein the linkage is configured with an inequilateral four-bar linkage having a fixed bar at a vehicle body side, and wherein an instant center of the movable roof against the vehicle body when the movable roof is at an entirely closing position is located at one of positions where is ahead of a front end of the movable roof and behind of a rear end of the movable roof.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for analyzing a film structure analyze particle or pore size distribution with high accuracy and evaluate a shape of a surface or interface even in the case where the absolute amount of particles or pores in the thin film is small.

Abstract: A void or particle content is determined using the X-ray small angle scattering measurement for a sample made of a thin film having voids or particles disorderly dispersed in the matrix, the diffraction peaks being not available for such a sample. The invention includes three aspects. The first aspect is that a equipment constant is determined and an unknown void or particle content is calculated based on the equipment constant. The second aspect is that a plurality of samples having unknown matrix densities are prepared, the matrix densities are determined so that the difference in the matrix densities among the samples become a minimum, and a void or particle content is calculated based on the matrix density and the scale factor of the X-ray small angle scattering. The third aspect is for a plurality of samples having unknown particle densities and executes procedures similar to those of the second aspect.

Abstract: Provided is a novel density-nonuniform multilayer analyzing method that readily and highly accurately enables analyzing the state of distribution and interfacial condition of particulate matter in a density-nonuniform multilayer film. The method includes the step of, by using a scattering function representing an X-ray scattering curve according to a fitting parameter indicating a state of distribution of particulate matter, calculating a simulated X-ray scattering curve under the same conditions as those under which an actually measured X-ray scattering curve is measured, and the step of performing fitting between the simulated X-ray scattering curve and the actually measured X-ray scattering curve while the fitting parameter is being changed.

Abstract: A method for analyzing a film structure and an apparatus therefor are provided that analyze particle or pore size distribution with high accuracy and evaluate a shape of a surface or interface even in the case where the absolute amount of the particles or pores in the thin film is small.

Abstract: Such a method for analyzing a membrane structure by fitting simulated operation data to measured data obtained by X-ray reflectivity measurement to analyze the membrane structure, and an apparatus therefor are provided, in which the analysis result obtained by the fitting can be prevented from falling into a local solution, so as to obtain an analysis result of the membrane structure with high accuracy. The method for analyzing a membrane structure for analyzing a structure of a membrane specimen having a single layer membrane or a multi-layer membrane by an X-ray reflectivity measurement, contains a step of simultaneously analyzing plural pieces of measured data obtained by measuring the membrane specimen under plural sets of measuring conditions different from each other in at least one of a resolution and a dynamic range.