Abstract: Disclosed are an apparatus and a method for monitoring a glass plate polishing state. The apparatus may include a location measuring unit for measuring a location on a glass plate being polished by a polishing machine, a current measuring unit for measuring an electric current flowing into the polishing machine, a memory unit for storing a reference value of the electric current flowing into the polishing machine for each polishing location of the glass plate, and a control unit for determining whether a polishing state is faulty, by comparing a value of the electric current measured by the current measuring unit for each polishing location measured by the location measuring unit with a corresponding reference value of the electric current stored in the memory unit for each polishing location.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing and obtaining product information through a broadcast signal. In this present invention, information identifying a product item, which is in a scene to be presented from a broadcast signal, is provided together with a broadcast signal, then a signal receiving terminal stores the product information for a new product item and displays the stored information to a viewer to select one product item while or after watching an interesting broadcast program, and transmits data identifying a selected product item to a predetermined web site and receives web site address for the selected item from that site. As a result, detailed information for the selected item is acquired from a server addressed by the received web site address.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing non-volatile memory devices may include separating first phase-change material groups and second phase-change material groups, which have different sizes, from a target including phase-change materials and faulting a phase-change material layer on an object by using the first phase-change material groups and the second phase-change material groups.

Abstract: Provided are semiconductor memory devices and the methods of fabricating the same. The method may include forming a plurality of diode patterns in each of a plurality of first trenches, each of the plurality of first trenches including at least two active regions, the plurality of diode patterns occupying a plurality of spaces, treating the plurality of diode patterns to form a plurality of semiconductor patterns in each of the plurality of spaces, removing portions of the plurality of semiconductor patterns to form a recess in each of the plurality of spaces, treating the of the plurality of semiconductor patterns to form a plurality of diodes in each of the plurality of spaces, forming a bottom electrode on each of the plurality of diodes, forming a plurality of memory elements on each of the bottom electrodes, and forming a plurality of upper interconnection lines on the plurality of memory elements.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electroplating method for printed circuit board. The method includes: providing a printed circuit board including a circuit pattern, a pad part on which components are mounted, a terminal part for electrical connection to an external device, and a connector part; masking the portion of the printed circuit board other than the terminal part and the connector part; dipping the printed circuit board in a nickel-tungsten alloy plating solution including a water-soluble nickel compound, a water-soluble tungsten compound, a complexing agent, and a ductility improver; forming a nickel-tungsten alloy plated layer on each of the exposed portions of the terminal part and the connector part by direct-current (DC) electroplating; and forming a gold-containing plated layer on the nickel-tungsten alloy plated layer by DC electroplating.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for managing the layout of a window is provided. The apparatus includes a display unit that displays the window on a screen; the screen is divided into a plurality of display areas; a pointer-position-checking unit that checks the coordinate position of a pointer moved by a user and determines the one display area corresponding to the position of the checked pointer; and a window-size-adjusting unit that moves the window to the one display area where the pointer is positioned and adjusts the size of the window in proportion to the size of the one display area.

Abstract: A probe card and a test apparatus including the probe card for improving test reliability. The probe card may include a first input terminal Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) switch that connects a first input terminal and a first input probe pin, wherein the first input terminal MEMS switch comprises a control portion that receives an operation signal and a connection portion that connects the first input terminal and the first input probe pin. The probe card may further include a first output terminal MEMS switch that connects a first output terminal and a first output probe pin, wherein the first output terminal MEMS switch comprises a control portion that receives the operation signal and a connection portion that connects the first output terminal and the first output probe pin.

Abstract: A lower unit for a glass polishing system includes a support installed to a rotatable turntable, and a carrier having a supporting part for supporting a glass to be polished, and a placing part formed in a surface opposite to the supporting part and fixed and placed to the support.

Abstract: A non-volatile memory device includes a data storage structure coupled between first and second conductive lines of the memory device. The data storage structure includes a conductive lower heater element, a data storage pattern, and a conductive upper heater element sequentially stacked. At least one sidewall surface of the data storage pattern is coplanar with a sidewall surface of the upper heater element thereabove and a sidewall surface of the lower heater element therebelow. Related fabrication methods are also discussed.

Abstract: A method and video device are disclosed for accessing information. In an embodiment of the present invention, part of data included in a title, being played, read from a storage medium or extracted from a broadcast signal is extracted and sent to a server over a network, and information corresponding to the part of the data (i.e., information related to the data and complete data of the data) is received from the server and played. Rather than the part of the data, information related to a position of the data, (e.g. a time point at which the playing of the data starts within the title or a radial position or a physical address at which the data is located in the storage medium) may be sent. The data may be data that forms audio, a frame-shaped video clip or a frame-shaped picture included in the title.

Abstract: A method and video device are disclosed for accessing information. In an embodiment of the present invention, part of data included in a title, being played, read from a storage medium or extracted from a broadcast signal is extracted and sent to a server over a network, and information corresponding to the part of the data (i.e., information related to the data and complete data of the data) is received from the server and played. Rather than the part of the data, information related to a position of the data, (e.g. a time point at which the playing of the data starts within the title or a radial position or a physical address at which the data is located in the storage medium) may be sent. The data may be data that forms audio, a frame-shaped video clip or a frame-shaped picture included in the title.

Abstract: A system for measuring a resistance of a memory cell in a resistive memory device can include a pulse generator configured to apply a data write pulse and a resistance read pulse to the resistive memory device with a delay time. A connecting member can be connected between the pulse generator and the resistive memory device. A test measurement device can be connected to the resistive memory device outputting a pulse waveform and a data-processing member can be configured to determine the resistance of the resistive memory device using the pulse waveform and an internal resistance of the test measurement device.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a method of preparing a MgB2 superconducting wire and the MgB2 superconducting wire prepared thereby. The method comprising rolling a raw powder by using a powder rolling method. According to the method of the present invention has an effect of increasing an effective area where superconducting current can flow by improvement of the connectivity of a MgB2 superconducting powder and achievement of high density through a powder rolling process, and maintaining an uniform current value even in a large length because of the improvement of the connectivity.

Abstract: A high-density optical disc such as a high density-digital versatile disc (HD-DVD) or Blu-ray disc, and a method for reproducing or recording data of the high-density optical disc. The high-density optical disc includes a lead-in area, a data area and a lead-out area. The lead-in area has control information. A minimum mark or space length of the control information recorded in the lead-in area is longer than that of data recorded in the data area. The control information of the lead-in area is copied to the lead-out area. On the basis of the data reproduction or recording method, an optical disc device can correctly read and confirm the control information from the high-density optical disc, minimize the interference between a mark and space in high-density recording data, reduce the effects of scratches or dust on the disc, and efficiently prevent an erroneous data reproduction or recording operation.

Abstract: Methods of manufacturing non-volatile memory devices may include separating first phase-change material groups and second phase-change material groups, which have different sizes, from a target including phase-change materials and faulting a phase-change material layer on an object by using the first phase-change material groups and the second phase-change material groups.

Abstract: A method of measuring a resistance of a memory cell in a resistive memory device can be provided by applying a data write pulse to a selected cell of the resistive memory device, applying a resistance read pulse to the selected cell after a delay time measured from a time of applying the data write pulse, measuring a drop voltage at the cell responsive to a pulse waveform output when applying the resistance read pulse to the selected cell, measuring a total current through the cell using the drop voltage and an internal resistance of a test device coupled to the cell, and determining a resistance of the resistive memory device using the total current and a voltage of the resistance read pulse.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an apparatus and method for providing and obtaining product information through a broadcast signal. In this present invention, information identifying a product item, which is in a scene to be presented from a broadcast signal, is provided together with a broadcast signal, then a signal receiving terminal stores the product information for a new product item and displays the stored information to a viewer to select one product item while or after watching an interesting broadcast program, and transmits data identifying a selected product item to a predetermined web site and receives web site address for the selected item from that site. As a result, detailed information for the selected item is acquired from a server addressed by the received web site address.

Abstract: The present invention provides a non-destructive test apparatus which can be applied not only to a structure in dry conditions but also to a structure constructed under water or in a location to which it is difficult for a worker to gain access. The non-destructive test apparatus includes a support frame which is disposed adjacent to the target structure and has a vertical guide rail, and a vacuum box which moves upwards or downwards along the guide rail of the support frame. The vacuum box is attached to the target structure and creates a vacuum therein. The non-destructive test apparatus further includes a hoist which is provided on the upper end of the support frame to move the vacuum box upwards or downwards, a fastening unit which fastens the support frame and the vacuum box to the target structure, and a vacuum pump which creates a vacuum in the vacuum box.

Abstract: A method of fabricating a phase-change semiconductor memory device includes a plasma treatment of an electrode connected to a phase-change material pattern after a conductive layer used to form the electrode has been planarized in the presence of an oxidizing agent. The plasma is formed from a plasma gas having a molecular weight of 17 or less.

Abstract: Phase change memory devices may be fabricated by forming a first electrode on a substrate and forming a chalcogenide material on the first electrode. The chalcogenide material is plasma treated sufficiently to induce a plasma species throughout the chalcogenide material. A second electrode is formed on the chalcogenide material. Related devices are also described.