Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a mobile station (MS). The MS registers to a first public land mobile network (PLMN) over a first access technology (AT). The MS determines that a received signal quality of the first PLMN over the first AT is lower than the operator controlled signal threshold per access technology. In response, the MS periodically attempts to obtain service on the first PLMN over a second AT. A received signal quality of the first PLMN over the second AT is equal to or greater than an operator controlled signal threshold per access technology.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the UE handling RSD parameters for MA preferences when the UE is in S1 mode. In one novel aspect, the MA PDU preference is applicable for a UE attached to EPS if the UE supports MA PDU session and procedures for PDN connection establishment and a mapped EPS parameter description of an MA preference type of the selected RSD indicates the MA preference. In one embodiment, the selected RSD indicates MA preference when the EPS parameter description of an MA preference type indicates that the PDN connection should be established as a user-plane resource of a multi-access PDU session if the UE supports MA PDU session and procedures for PDN connection establishment. In one embodiment, the PDN connection is established via a PDN connectivity procedure in an EPS or an EPC.

Abstract: A method of handling de-registration and EPS mobility management (EMM) parameter for 3GPP when UE receives a de-registration request message via non-3GPP is proposed. There is an access type in the de-registration type IE in the de-registration request message. In one novel aspect, a UE handles EMM parameters of the de-registration procedure depending on the received access type in the de-registration type IE. Upon receiving a DEREGISTRATION REQUEST message, if the de-registration request is for 3GPP access or for 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, the UE performs a local release of the PDU sessions over 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, if any. Based on the 5GMM cause, UE also handles the corresponding EMM parameters including EMM state, EPS update status, 4G-GUTI, last visited registered TAI, TAI list, eKSI and attach attempt counter.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE performs an establishment of a multi-access protocol data unit (MA PDU) session for a first access and a second access. The UE is registered in a same network over the first access and the second access. The UE determines that the establishment is completed for the first access and is ongoing for the second access. In response to determining that the establishment is completed for the first access and is ongoing for the second access, the UE sends, over the second access, a mobility management signaling. The mobility management signaling includes an indication that the MA PDU session is in a state other than an inactive state during the establishment that is ongoing on the second access.

Abstract: A method for UE route selection policy (URSP) rule matching enhancement for MA PDU session with 4G PDN leg is proposed. When an application is executed, the upper layer of a UE sends the application information to URSP entity for matching a URSP rule. The UE selects and evaluates a route selection descriptor (RSD) from a list of RSDs of a selected URSP rule to be matched with a PDU session. In one example, the PDU session is an MA PDU session with a 3GPP EPS/PDN leg (PDN connection established as user plane resources of the MA PDU session). The UE finds the traffic descriptor in a selected URSP rule matching the application and an existing MA PDU session/PDN connection matching an RSD of the selected URSP rule, when the UE-requested PDN parameters of the PDN connection matches with the RSD of the selected URSP rule.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE initiates a mobile originated (MO) procedure for modifying an Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer to release all traffic flows associated with the EPS bearer. The UE receives a request to initiate a mobile terminated (MT) procedure for modifying the EPS bearer. The UE, in response to receiving the request, aborts the MO procedure. The UE locally deactivates the EPS bearer.

Abstract: A method of reducing gray energy consumption and achieving optimal gray energy saving for carbon neutralization is proposed. In a cellular network, each cell or BS (group of cells) has renewable (green) and non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) energy sources. The renewable (green) energy is highly variable and unpredictable, while non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) is stable but is not renewable and thus has more carbon impact. Each cell or BS (group of cells) services is associated UEs when it is on. In one novel aspect, a cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes more non-renewable energy can give some or all of its served UEs to another cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes less non-renewable energy.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE sends a request message to a core network. The request message requests joining one or more requested multicast broadcast service (MBS) sessions. The UE receives a response message from the core network. The response message contains received MBS information indicating one or more admitted MBS sessions. The received MBS information includes a respective IP address type (IPAT) field. The IPAT field indicates a type of an IP address corresponding to each of the one or more admitted MBS sessions. The UE decodes the IP address corresponding to each of the one or more admitted MBS sessions according to the type indicated by the respective IPAT field.

Abstract: A method to establish and activate an MA PDU session for data transmission over a selected access is proposed. UE initiates a UE-requested PDU session establishment procedure. Once the UE receives a PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT message with ATSSS container IE, the UE can consider the MA PDU session has been activated and user plane resources are successfully established on the selected access. A method to convert an SA PDU session to an MA PDU session for data transmission over a selected access is proposed. UE initiates a UE-requested PDU session modification procedure. Once the UE receives a PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND message with ATSSS container IE, the UE can consider the MA PDU session has been converted from the SA PDU session and user plane resources are successfully established on the selected access.

Abstract: A preparation method for a circuit board connection structure includes: providing a circuit board module that including a first outer wiring layer, and the first outer wiring layer including solder pads; forming a first pyrolytic adhesive layer and an inner wiring layer on the first outer wiring layer; forming a second pyrolytic adhesive layer and a second copper foil layer on the inner wiring layer; defining a plurality of through holes each configured to expose one of the solder pads; forming a copper plating layer on the second copper foil layer; etching the copper plating layer and the second copper foil layer to form a second outer wiring layer, thereby obtaining an intermediate body; heating and washing the intermediate body to remove the first pyrolytic adhesive layer and the second pyrolytic adhesive layer. The present application also provides a circuit board connection structure.

Abstract: A method for maintaining MBS session when UE performs intersystem change is provided. UE maintains a PDU session in 5G network. UE then joins an MBS session for receiving MBS service over the associated PDU session. Later on, UE performs intersystem change from 5G to 2/3/4G. The PDU session is then released or transferred to a PDN connection. From UE perspective, UE determines that the released or transferred PDU session is associated with the MBS session, and therefore locally leaves the MBS session. From NW perspective, NW determines that the released or transferred PDU session is associated with the MBS session, and therefore considers the UE is removed from the MBS session.

Abstract: A method for requesting to join an MBS session via a PDU session establishment procedure for existing PDU or MA PDU session is provided. A UE sends a PDU session establishment request message that includes a requested MBS container IE to request to join an MBS session. The request message initiates a PDU session establishment procedure, with a request type indicating that the PDU session establishment procedure is for an existing PDU session, or for an MA PDU session. A specific request type is used to indicate: 1)HANDOVER 5G PDU SESSION FROM NON-3GPP TO 3GPP; 2) TRANSFER 4G PDN CONNECTION (EPS) TO 5G; 3) TRANSFER 4G PDN CONNECTION (NON-3GPP) TO 5G; 4) ESTABLISH UP RESOURCE OVER 3GPP FOR 5G MA PDU; and 5) TRANSFER MA PDU (PDN LEG IN EPS) TO 5G MA PDU.

Abstract: A method of performing MT services using an indication to avoid barring in access control is provided. UE sends an indication related to an MT service to the NAS layer when the MT service starts, or when a corresponding communication session of the MT service is handover to 3GPP access. Once the service has successfully been set up, then as long as the service is ongoing, the following access attempts are allowed to proceed without further access control checking in order to avoid barring: MMTEL voice, MMTEL video, and SMSoIP. In one novel aspect, based on the indication provided to the NAS layer when the MT service starts or when handover to 3GPP access occurs, UE skips access control after UE goes to idle mode and establishes an RRC connection to resume the MT service.

Abstract: A method of determining UE access identity for a UE that is registered to the same or different PLMN networks over 3GPP and non-3GPP accesses is proposed. The UE registers to one or more Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) over 3GPP access and non-3GPP access. If the UE registers to the same PLMN/SNPN over 3GPP and non-3GPP access, then the UE handles the UE access identity as one common parameters. On the other hand, if the UE registers to different PLMN/SNPN over 3GPP and non-3GPP, then the UE handles the UE access identity as two independent parameters. The access identity may comprise a priority indicator IE that is set to “Access Identity 1 valid” for MPS or “Access Identity 2 valid” for MCS.

Abstract: A method of determining UE registration status for a UE that is registered to different PLMN networks over 3GPP and non-3GPP accesses is proposed. The UE triggers registration to a second Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) or Standalone Non-Public Network (SNPN) over a second access, and receives a REGISTRATION ACCEPT message from the second network over the second access. The REGISTRATION ACCEPT message carries a 5GS registration result IE having a 5GS registration result value. If the 5GS registration result value indicates that the UE is registered (or not registered) to a first network over a first access, then the UE may ignore the indication and considers the UE is not registered (or registered) to the first network over the first access.

Abstract: A method of performing intersystem change without N26 interface supported or not supported when a UE is registered to the same or different networks over 3GPP and non-3GPP accesses is proposed. UE registers to one or more PLMN/SNPN over 3GPP access and non-3GPP access. UE receives a REGISTRATION ACCEPT message over 3GPP access, which carries a first 5GS network feature support IE, which indicates that interworking without N26 interface not supported. UE also receives a REGISTRATION ACCEPT message over non-3GPP access, which carries a second 5GS network feature support IE, which indicates that interworking without N26 interface supported. UE ignores the second indication received over non-3GPP access and considers that N26 interface is supported for interworking. As a result, after intersystem change from 5G to 4G, UE triggers a TAU procedure over LTE in 4G EPS.

Abstract: Under the existing SENSE solution, a PLMN with received signal quality >=the “Operator controlled signal threshold per access technology” has higher priority than a PLMN with received signal quality <the “Operator controlled signal threshold per access technology”. In one novel aspect, during network selection upon UE switch on or recovery from lack of coverage, the UE sets the priority of a PLMN broadcasting disaster related indication to be absolutely lower than other PLMNs (e.g., registered PLMN, HPLMN/EHPLMN, U-PLMN, O-PLMN, and LQ-PLMN), no matter the received signal strength or quality of the corresponding PLMN.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to improvement to signaling over satellite access in mobile communications are described. A user equipment (UE) initiates a procedure with a cell of a network over a satellite access. In response, the UE receives a message from the network indicating that the procedure cannot be completed due to an aspect of the satellite access. Then, the UE reattempts to complete the procedure responsive to a condition being met.

Abstract: Examples pertaining to user equipment (UE) handling of forbidden tracking area identifier (TAI) list information elements (IEs) in an Evolved Packet System (EPS) SERVICE ACCEPT message in mobile communications are described. A user equipment (UE) transmits a CONTROL PLANE SERVICE REQUEST message to an EPS network node of a wireless network. In response, the UE receives a SERVICE ACCEPT message from the EPS network node. The SERVICE ACCEPT message includes either or both of the following: (i) one or more forbidden tracking area identifiers (TAIs) for a list of “forbidden tracking areas for roaming” information element (IE); and (ii) one or more forbidden TAIs for a list of “forbidden tracking areas for regional provision of service” IE.

Abstract: Solutions pertaining to public land mobile network (PLMN) selection in international areas when a user equipment (UE) supports non-terrestrial network (NTN) communications are proposed. An apparatus implemented in a UE transmits a message indicating that the UE has a capability of NTN communication over a satellite access. The apparatus also receives an indication indicating whether the UE is allowed to utilize one or more NTNs over the satellite access. The apparatus then performs a PLMN selection in a country area or in an international area based on the capability.