Abstract: A method of a relay user equipment (UE) can include receiving, at the relay UE, from a first neighbor UE, a communication request message for establishing a connection between an initiating UE and a target UE, the communication request message including first security-establishment-related information originating from the initiating UE for establishing a security association between the initiating UE and the target UE; modifying the communication request message to add second security-establishment-related information for establishing a security association between the relay UE and a second neighbor UE; and transmitting to the second neighbor UE the modified communication request message that includes the first security-establishment-related information originating from the initiating UE for establishing the security association between the initiating UE and the target UE, and the second security-establishment-related information added by the relay UE for establishing the security association between the rela

Abstract: Various solutions for enhanced user equipment (UE) route selection policy (URSP) with green incentives for environmental conservation are described. An apparatus may receive information of an application associated with one or more eco-friendly requirements. Then, the apparatus may select a URSP rule from a list of URSP rules, and the selected URSP rule includes one or more descriptors matching the one or more eco-friendly requirements. Also, the apparatus may determine a data session for routing traffic of the application between the apparatus and a wireless network based on one or more parameters included in a route selection descriptor (RSD) of the selected URSP rule.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The method may be performed by a mobile device. In certain configurations, the mobile device provides device capability information indicating that the mobile device supports a dual access service. The mobile device transmits a registration request message for registering to a first network access of a first public land mobile network (PLMN). The registration request message includes the device capability information. The mobile device receives a registration response message. The mobile device determines whether the registration response message includes network capability information indicating that the first network access supports the dual access service. In response to determining that the first network access supports the dual access service, the mobile device registers to a second network access.

Abstract: A method to establish and activate an MA PDU session for data transmission over a selected access is proposed. UE initiates a UE-requested PDU session establishment procedure. Once the UE receives a PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT message with ATSSS container IE, the UE can consider the MA PDU session has been activated and user plane resources are successfully established on the selected access. A method to convert an SA PDU session to an MA PDU session for data transmission over a selected access is proposed. UE initiates a UE-requested PDU session modification procedure. Once the UE receives a PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND message with ATSSS container IE, the UE can consider the MA PDU session has been converted from the SA PDU session and user plane resources are successfully established on the selected access.

Abstract: A method of handling authentication reject upon accessing an SNPN using credentials from a credential holder is proposed. A UE is configured with a “list of subscriber data”. The UE selects an SNPN using the configured list of subscriber data, e.g., based on the SNPN selection parameters contained in a selected entry of the list of subscriber data. Based on the selected entry, the UE selects an SNPN, and then tries to access the selected SNPN using credentials supplied by a subscribed SNPN. When UE receives an authentication reject message from the network, UE considers that the selected entry of the list of subscriber data is invalid. However, other entries related to the current selected SNPN are still valid. UE is still able to access the current selected SNPN, using credentials supplied in another entry of the list of subscriber data.

Abstract: A coil module is provided, including a second coil mechanism. The second coil mechanism includes a third coil assembly and a second base corresponding to the third coil assembly. The second base has a positioning assembly corresponding to a first coil mechanism.

Abstract: A UE receives, from a network, an indication of a change in a radio access network (RAN) timing synchronization status while at least one of a first timer and a second timer is running on the UE. The first timer is associated with a registration attempt counter or registration procedure. The second timer is associated with a service request attempt counter or service request procedure. The UE initiates, in response to receiving the indication, at least one of a registration procedure and a service request procedure with the network while the at least one of the first timer and the second timer is running.

Abstract: Solutions pertaining to user equipment (UE) and network behavior at and after a network disaster in mobile communications are proposed. An apparatus, implemented in or as a UE, determines whether a disaster condition is met with respect to a first public land mobile network (PLMN). The apparatus then selects a second PLMN according to information listing one or more PLMNs which are allowed to be selected by the UE when the disaster condition is met. The apparatus also attempts a registration in the second PLMN.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The method may be performed by a MS. In certain configurations, the MS supports access to a selected standalone non-public network (SNPN) providing access for localized services and is in automatic SNPN selection mode. The MS determines whether the MS has an emergency service ongoing. In response to determining the MS does not have the emergency service ongoing, the MS perform a SNPN selection procedure upon a first event being triggered. In response to determining the MS has the emergency service ongoing, the MS determines whether validity information for the selected SNPN is no longer met. In response to determining that the validity information for the selected SNPN is no longer met, the MS performs local release of all emergency PDU sessions except for an emergency PDU session.

Abstract: A user equipment and a method to forbid PLMN or SNPN and handle emergency call due to deregistration are provided. The method includes: monitoring an operation of the UE; and controlling the UE to start a timer for enabling a network access mode capability for the 3GPP access when the UE disables the network access mode capability for 3GPP access due to a network initiated procedure. The UE memorizes an identity of PLMNs or SNPNs where the network access mode capability for the 3GPP access was disabled.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The method may be performed by a UE. In certain configurations, the UE initiates a first 5GMM procedure over a first standalone non-public network (SNPN) providing localized services. In response to a first event, the UE performs one or more actions, including: aborting the first 5GMM procedure, resetting a corresponding procedure attempt counter for the first 5GMM procedure, stopping a corresponding timer for the first 5GMM procedure, releasing locally a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling connection if the NAS signaling connection exists, and entering a public land mobile network (PLMN) search state to perform a SNPN selection procedure.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The method may be performed by a UE. In certain configurations, the UE maintains a closed access group (CAG) information list including an entry. The UE supports enhanced CAG information. The entry includes an allowed CAG list associated with a current public land mobile network (PLMN). The allowed CAG list includes one or more CAG IDs. The UE accesses the current PLMN via a current CAG cell with a CAG ID. The CAG ID is determined as being authorized based on the allowed CAG list associated with the current PLMN. In response to a first event, the UE performs one or more of actions, including: aborting an ongoing UE-initiated 5GMM procedure if the ongoing UE-initiated 5GMM procedure exists, and locally releasing a non-access stratum (NAS) signaling connection if the NAS signaling connection exists.

Abstract: A method for expedited tunnel establishment with a non-Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) interworking gateway to access a 3GPP network is provided. A User Equipment (UE) initiates establishment of an Internet Protocol secure (IPsec) tunnel with a first non-3GPP interworking gateway associated with the 3GPP network. The UE probes availability of a second non-3GPP interworking gateway associated with the 3GPP network before the IPsec tunnel with the first non-3GPP interworking gateway is established successfully. The UE initiates establishment of an IPsec tunnel with the second non-3GPP interworking gateway in response to failing to establish the IPsec tunnel with the first non-3GPP interworking gateway and the second non-3GPP interworking gateway being available. The UE accesses the 3GPP network over the IPsec tunnel with the second non-3GPP interworking gateway.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhancements of manual network selection in emergency services handling are described. An apparatus may determine whether it is in a condition of having the ongoing emergency service or attempting to obtain emergency services before an association between the apparatus and a core network of a wireless network for the emergency services is established. The apparatus may determine not to perform a manual network selection in an event that the apparatus is in the condition of having the ongoing emergency service or attempting to obtain the emergency services before the association between the apparatus and the core network is established.

Abstract: A method to access a stand-alone non-Public network (SNPN) in a forbidden SNPN (FSNPN) and a forbidden tracking area identity (FTAI) list is provided. The method is applied to a mobile station (MS). The method includes the following steps. An SNPN selection mode procedure is performed to camp on a cell of a user selected SNPN. It is determined that the selected SNPN is present in the FSNPN list or a tracking area identity (TAI) of the camped cell is in the FTAI list. An SNPN is selected by a user. Contents of FSNPN list and the FTAI list for the selected SNPN are ignored. Registration on the selected SNPN is initiated using specific access technology.

Abstract: A method for enhancing User Equipment (UE) handling of UE Route Selection Policy (URSP) rules selection is provided. A UE initiates to send a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of an application to a mobile communication network. The UE determines that it has no URSP signaled from the mobile communication network. In response to there being pre-configured URSP rules of a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) in a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), the UE uses only the pre-configured URSP rules of the HPLMN in the USIM to derive configuration of a PDU session via which to send the PDU of the application.

Abstract: A method for enhancing User Equipment (UE) handling in a limited service state over non-Third Generation Partnership Project (non-3GPP) access is provided. A UE sends a REGISTRATION REQUEST message or a SERVICE REQUEST message to a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) over non-3GPP access. The UE receives a REGISTRATION REJECT message or a SERVICE REJECT message from the PLMN over non-3GPP access. In particular, the REGISTRATION REJECT message or the SERVICE REJECT message indicates serving network not authorized. In response to the reception of the REGISTRATION REJECT message or the SERVICE REJECT message which indicates serving network not authorized, the UE enters a limited service state and performs a non-3GPP access network selection.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhancements on automatic stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) selection for supporting localized services are described. An apparatus may determine whether it supports accessing an SNPN providing access for localized services and a user enables to access localized services. Responsive to determining that it supports accessing an SNPN providing access for localized services and the user enables to access localized services, the apparatus may select an available SNPN with validity information in an event that both the apparatus and the selected available SNPN support access using credentials from a credentials holder (CH) and the validity information is met, and then attempt a registration on the selected SNPN.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. In certain configurations, the UE maintains a closed access group (CAG) information list including an entry. The entry includes an allowed CAG list associated with a current PLMN. The allowed CAG list includes one or more CAG IDs. A first CAG ID is configured with a first time validity information including a first time period. The UE accesses the current PLMN via a current CAG cell supporting the first CAG ID when the first CAG ID is determined as authorized during the first time period. After the first time period, the UE determines that no CAG ID supported by the current CAG cell is currently authorized. The UE determines whether the UE may perform actions such as search for a suitable cell and/or applying a PLMN selection process.

Abstract: A method of enhanced handling of a Forbidden SNPN list by a UE is proposed. When the UE registers to a first SNPN using credentials supplied by a second SNPN and receives a rejection from the network, the UE adds an entry of the first SNPN into one of the forbidden SNPN lists, and also creates an association between the first SNPN and the second SNPN. As a result, the UE is refrained from registering to the first SNPN using the credentials supplied by the second SNPN as long as the first SNPN entry remains in the forbidden SNPN list. However, the UE is allowed to register to the first SNPN using credentials supplied by other SNPNs.