Abstract: Various solutions for enhancements of manual network selection in emergency services handling are described. An apparatus may determine whether it is in a condition of having the ongoing emergency service or attempting to obtain emergency services before an association between the apparatus and a core network of a wireless network for the emergency services is established. The apparatus may determine not to perform a manual network selection in an event that the apparatus is in the condition of having the ongoing emergency service or attempting to obtain the emergency services before the association between the apparatus and the core network is established.

Abstract: A method to access a stand-alone non-Public network (SNPN) in a forbidden SNPN (FSNPN) and a forbidden tracking area identity (FTAI) list is provided. The method is applied to a mobile station (MS). The method includes the following steps. An SNPN selection mode procedure is performed to camp on a cell of a user selected SNPN. It is determined that the selected SNPN is present in the FSNPN list or a tracking area identity (TAI) of the camped cell is in the FTAI list. An SNPN is selected by a user. Contents of FSNPN list and the FTAI list for the selected SNPN are ignored. Registration on the selected SNPN is initiated using specific access technology.

Abstract: A method for enhancing User Equipment (UE) handling of UE Route Selection Policy (URSP) rules selection is provided. A UE initiates to send a Protocol Data Unit (PDU) of an application to a mobile communication network. The UE determines that it has no URSP signaled from the mobile communication network. In response to there being pre-configured URSP rules of a Home Public Land Mobile Network (HPLMN) in a Universal Subscriber Identity Module (USIM), the UE uses only the pre-configured URSP rules of the HPLMN in the USIM to derive configuration of a PDU session via which to send the PDU of the application.

Abstract: A method for enhancing User Equipment (UE) handling in a limited service state over non-Third Generation Partnership Project (non-3GPP) access is provided. A UE sends a REGISTRATION REQUEST message or a SERVICE REQUEST message to a Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN) over non-3GPP access. The UE receives a REGISTRATION REJECT message or a SERVICE REJECT message from the PLMN over non-3GPP access. In particular, the REGISTRATION REJECT message or the SERVICE REJECT message indicates serving network not authorized. In response to the reception of the REGISTRATION REJECT message or the SERVICE REJECT message which indicates serving network not authorized, the UE enters a limited service state and performs a non-3GPP access network selection.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. In certain configurations, the UE maintains a closed access group (CAG) information list including an entry. The entry includes an allowed CAG list associated with a current PLMN. The allowed CAG list includes one or more CAG IDs. A first CAG ID is configured with a first time validity information including a first time period. The UE accesses the current PLMN via a current CAG cell supporting the first CAG ID when the first CAG ID is determined as authorized during the first time period. After the first time period, the UE determines that no CAG ID supported by the current CAG cell is currently authorized. The UE determines whether the UE may perform actions such as search for a suitable cell and/or applying a PLMN selection process.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhancements on automatic stand-alone non-public network (SNPN) selection for supporting localized services are described. An apparatus may determine whether it supports accessing an SNPN providing access for localized services and a user enables to access localized services. Responsive to determining that it supports accessing an SNPN providing access for localized services and the user enables to access localized services, the apparatus may select an available SNPN with validity information in an event that both the apparatus and the selected available SNPN support access using credentials from a credentials holder (CH) and the validity information is met, and then attempt a registration on the selected SNPN.

Abstract: A method of enhanced handling of a Forbidden SNPN list by a UE is proposed. When the UE registers to a first SNPN using credentials supplied by a second SNPN and receives a rejection from the network, the UE adds an entry of the first SNPN into one of the forbidden SNPN lists, and also creates an association between the first SNPN and the second SNPN. As a result, the UE is refrained from registering to the first SNPN using the credentials supplied by the second SNPN as long as the first SNPN entry remains in the forbidden SNPN list. However, the UE is allowed to register to the first SNPN using credentials supplied by other SNPNs.

Abstract: Aspects of the disclosure provide methods and apparatuses. The method can include receiving, at a user equipment (UE), system information broadcast from one or more base stations which may be shared by one or more PLMNs and/or one or more SNPNs, the system information including an indication of whether accessing an SNPN using home service provider (HSP) subscription of a HSP network is supported. The UE can be configured with subscription information of the HSP network. The subscription information can include the HSP subscription and a selection list that includes one or more candidate networks each represented by an SNPN identifier. The method can further include responsive to the system information, selecting a network from the selection list according to a priority order of the candidate networks, and accessing the network selected from the selection list using the HSP subscription.

Abstract: A method is proposed for handling a 5G PDU session establishment procedure when a maximum number of active 5G PDU sessions has been reached. When the number of active 5G PDU sessions has reached the maximum number of active PDU sessions as defined for the PLMN/SNPN, a UE needs to release an existing 5G PDU session in order to add a new 5G PDU session. In one novel aspect, the UE can select a 4G PDN connection and release the selected PDN connection to fulfill the requirement for having number of 5G PDU session less than or equal to the maximum number of active 5G PDU sessions. The selected 4G PDN connection is established as a user-plane resource for an MA PDU session; by releasing the selected PDN connection, the UE is then able to establish a new PDU session, including an emergency PDU session in 5GS.

Abstract: Various solutions for enhanced closed access group (CAG) selection in manual network selection mode are described. An apparatus may determine that the apparatus supports CAG and operates in a manual network selection mode. The apparatus may detect a CAG cell associated with a CAG identifier (ID) in an allowed CAG list. The apparatus may indicate to a user whether the CAG ID is authorized based on time validity information associated with the CAG ID in the allowed CAG list.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for mobile identity selection for SNPN initial registration. In one novel aspect, the UE selects a GUTI as a registration GUTI for registration with a current SNPN based on one or more selection rules. The UE indicates the selected registration GUTI in a 5GS mobile identity information element (IE) and includes the NID of the corresponding prior SNPN in an NID IE. The selection rules include prioritizing a GUTI previously assigned by an equivalent SNPN or any other SNPN with a globally-unique SNPN ID over a GUTI previously assigned by an equivalent SNPN or any other SNPN with a non-global-unique SNPN ID; and prioritizing a GUTI previously assigned by an equivalent SNPN over a GUTI previously assigned by any other SNPN when the equivalent SNPN and the any other SNPN are both identified by a globally-unique SNPN identity.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a mobile station (MS). The MS registers to a first public land mobile network (PLMN) over a first access technology (AT). The MS determines that a received signal quality of the first PLMN over the first AT is lower than the operator controlled signal threshold per access technology. In response, the MS periodically attempts to obtain service on the first PLMN over a second AT. A received signal quality of the first PLMN over the second AT is equal to or greater than an operator controlled signal threshold per access technology.

Abstract: A method for UE route selection policy (URSP) rule matching enhancement for MA PDU session with 4G PDN leg is proposed. When an application is executed, the upper layer of a UE sends the application information to URSP entity for matching a URSP rule. The UE selects and evaluates a route selection descriptor (RSD) from a list of RSDs of a selected URSP rule to be matched with a PDU session. In one example, the PDU session is an MA PDU session with a 3GPP EPS/PDN leg (PDN connection established as user plane resources of the MA PDU session). The UE finds the traffic descriptor in a selected URSP rule matching the application and an existing MA PDU session/PDN connection matching an RSD of the selected URSP rule, when the UE-requested PDN parameters of the PDN connection matches with the RSD of the selected URSP rule.

Abstract: A method of handling de-registration and EPS mobility management (EMM) parameter for 3GPP when UE receives a de-registration request message via non-3GPP is proposed. There is an access type in the de-registration type IE in the de-registration request message. In one novel aspect, a UE handles EMM parameters of the de-registration procedure depending on the received access type in the de-registration type IE. Upon receiving a DEREGISTRATION REQUEST message, if the de-registration request is for 3GPP access or for 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, the UE performs a local release of the PDU sessions over 3GPP access and non-3GPP access, if any. Based on the 5GMM cause, UE also handles the corresponding EMM parameters including EMM state, EPS update status, 4G-GUTI, last visited registered TAI, TAI list, eKSI and attach attempt counter.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE initiates a mobile originated (MO) procedure for modifying an Evolved Packet System (EPS) bearer to release all traffic flows associated with the EPS bearer. The UE receives a request to initiate a mobile terminated (MT) procedure for modifying the EPS bearer. The UE, in response to receiving the request, aborts the MO procedure. The UE locally deactivates the EPS bearer.

Abstract: Methods and apparatus are provided for the UE handling RSD parameters for MA preferences when the UE is in S1 mode. In one novel aspect, the MA PDU preference is applicable for a UE attached to EPS if the UE supports MA PDU session and procedures for PDN connection establishment and a mapped EPS parameter description of an MA preference type of the selected RSD indicates the MA preference. In one embodiment, the selected RSD indicates MA preference when the EPS parameter description of an MA preference type indicates that the PDN connection should be established as a user-plane resource of a multi-access PDU session if the UE supports MA PDU session and procedures for PDN connection establishment. In one embodiment, the PDN connection is established via a PDN connectivity procedure in an EPS or an EPC.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE performs an establishment of a multi-access protocol data unit (MA PDU) session for a first access and a second access. The UE is registered in a same network over the first access and the second access. The UE determines that the establishment is completed for the first access and is ongoing for the second access. In response to determining that the establishment is completed for the first access and is ongoing for the second access, the UE sends, over the second access, a mobility management signaling. The mobility management signaling includes an indication that the MA PDU session is in a state other than an inactive state during the establishment that is ongoing on the second access.

Abstract: A method of reducing gray energy consumption and achieving optimal gray energy saving for carbon neutralization is proposed. In a cellular network, each cell or BS (group of cells) has renewable (green) and non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) energy sources. The renewable (green) energy is highly variable and unpredictable, while non-renewable (gray, on-grid power) is stable but is not renewable and thus has more carbon impact. Each cell or BS (group of cells) services is associated UEs when it is on. In one novel aspect, a cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes more non-renewable energy can give some or all of its served UEs to another cell or BS (group of cells) that consumes less non-renewable energy.

Abstract: In an aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE sends a request message to a core network. The request message requests joining one or more requested multicast broadcast service (MBS) sessions. The UE receives a response message from the core network. The response message contains received MBS information indicating one or more admitted MBS sessions. The received MBS information includes a respective IP address type (IPAT) field. The IPAT field indicates a type of an IP address corresponding to each of the one or more admitted MBS sessions. The UE decodes the IP address corresponding to each of the one or more admitted MBS sessions according to the type indicated by the respective IPAT field.

Abstract: A method to establish and activate an MA PDU session for data transmission over a selected access is proposed. UE initiates a UE-requested PDU session establishment procedure. Once the UE receives a PDU SESSION ESTABLISHMENT ACCEPT message with ATSSS container IE, the UE can consider the MA PDU session has been activated and user plane resources are successfully established on the selected access. A method to convert an SA PDU session to an MA PDU session for data transmission over a selected access is proposed. UE initiates a UE-requested PDU session modification procedure. Once the UE receives a PDU SESSION MODIFICATION COMMAND message with ATSSS container IE, the UE can consider the MA PDU session has been converted from the SA PDU session and user plane resources are successfully established on the selected access.