Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an ONO film (17) formed on a semiconductor substrate (15), a first gate (14), the first gate (14) formed on the ONO film (17), a source (10) and a drain (12) provided at both sides of the first gate (14) to face each other, and a second gate (16), the second gate (16) being a side gate provided at a side of the first gate (14) other than the side where the source (10) and the drain (12) are provided. This makes it possible to provide the semiconductor device in which a desired circuit characteristic is obtainable in a non-destructive manner and in a non-volatile fashion while reducing the trial production times thereof for IC development.

Abstract: A single cell that has a gate insulating film formed with an ONO film is provided in a region in which two bit lines cross one word line. The single cell is a four-bit multi-value cell, and has four charge accumulation regions. Two plug-like control electrodes are provided in the region surrounded by the word line and the bit lines. A bias is applied to one of the plug-like control electrodes and the word line so that the portion on the surface of the semiconductor substrate that is located immediately below the word line and corresponds to the location of the bias-applied control electrode is put into an accumulation state or a depletion state. In this manner, the width of the channel is adjusted, and the charge holding state of each of the four charge accumulation regions is controlled through the channel width adjustment.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an insulation layer (14) provided on a semiconductor substrate (12), a p-type semiconductor region (16) provided on the insulation layer, an isolation region (18) provided that surrounds the p-type semiconductor region to reach the insulation layer, an n-type source region (20) and an n-type drain region (22) provided on the p-type semiconductor region, a charge storage region (30) provided above the p-type semiconductor region between the n-type source region and the n-type drain region, and an voltage applying portion that applies a different voltage to the p-type semiconductor region while any of programming, erasing and reading a different data of a memory cell that has the charge storage region is being preformed.

Abstract: A single cell that has a gate insulating film formed with an ONO film is provided in a region in which two bit lines cross one word line. The single cell is a four-bit multi-value cell, and has four charge accumulation regions. Two plug-like control electrodes are provided in the region surrounded by the word line and the bit lines. A bias is applied to one of the plug-like control electrodes and the word line so that the portion on the surface of the semiconductor substrate that is located immediately below the word line and corresponds to the location of the bias-applied control electrode is put into an accumulation state or a depletion state. In this manner, the width of the channel is adjusted, and the charge holding state of each of the four charge accumulation regions is controlled through the channel width adjustment.

Abstract: A semiconductor device includes an ONO film (17) formed on a semiconductor substrate (15), a first gate (14), the first gate (14) formed on the ONO film (17), a source (10) and a drain (12) provided at both sides of the first gate (14) to face each other, and a second gate (16), the second gate (16) being a side gate provided at a side of the first gate (14) other than the side where the source (10) and the drain (12) are provided. This makes it possible to provide the semiconductor device in which a desired circuit characteristic is obtainable in a non-destructive manner and in a non-volatile fashion while reducing the trial production times thereof for IC development.

Abstract: A waterdrop slidable surface structure, which makes waterdrops dropped onto a substrate slide on a surface of the substrate, includes a waterdrop slidable layer arranged on the surface of the substrate and including a rigid layer and a water repellent layer. The rigid layer contains a rigid material having higher hardness than the substrate and provides a continuous depression and protrusion surface. The water repellent layer mainly consists of a water repellent material of which contact angle for waterdrops dropped thereon is equal to or more than 90 degrees, and is filled in depression portions of the rigid layer.

Abstract: A control structure controls a slidable property of an object and has: a piezoelectric film, on a surface of an object, made of a piezoelectric material; and at least a pair of electrodes, on the piezoelectric film, to which AC voltage is applied.

Abstract: In a gate electrode, above a first polycrystalline silicon film, a second polycrystalline silicon film, which has a predetermined silicon crystal face orientation directed with respect to and is smaller in crystal diameter than the first polycrystalline silicon film, is provided, so that even if there locally exist portions which are different in silicidization speed in forming a silicide layer in the second polycrystalline silicon film, the silicidization reaction with unreacted portions of the second polycrystalline silicon film can occur faster than the silicidization reaction with the first polycrystalline silicon film.

Abstract: The electromagnetic wave focusing device has a mirror group consisting of a focal-line type primary reflective mirror and secondary reflective mirror which have a unique parabolic cross-sectional shape. Incident light rays are primarily reflected by the primary reflective mirror and are then secondarily reflected by the secondary reflective mirror, so that solar rays are focused at one point. The electromagnetic wave focusing device can be made extremely thin and light-weight, and can be folded without causing great loss of precision or great increase in mass. Consequently, the mirror bodies can be folded into a compact form and loaded inside the restricted space of a rocket or the like; thus, the device can be transported into aerospace, and a sunlight focusing device having high focusing performance can be reproduced on-site with a high precision.

Abstract: In a gate electrode, above a first polycrystalline silicon film, a second polycrystalline silicon film, which has a predetermined silicon crystal face orientation directed with respect to and is smaller in crystal diameter than the first polycrystalline silicon film, is provided, so that even if there locally exist portions which are different in silicidization speed in forming a silicide layer in the second polycrystalline silicon film, the silicidization reaction with unreacted portions of the second polycrystalline silicon film can occur faster than the silicidization reaction with the first polycrystalline silicon film.

Abstract: Heat of an electrothermal part of a heater can be transmitted indirectly and efficiently to a pressure medium. A tubular case 6 having one end portion connected to a piston rod 2 airtightly and the other end portion slidably placed in contact with the outer circumference of a cylinder 1 is provided, a mounting hole 15 is formed within a holder 4 for closing an open end on the piston rod 2 connecting side of the case 6, and an electrothermal part 13a of a heater plug 13 is fitted into the mounting hole 15 directly or through a heat conductivity collar 16.

Abstract: To positively prevent a pressure medium sealed into an outer tube from leaking out from a clearance relative to an oil damper, there is provided a seal construction of a shock absorber 1 with leveling function wherein a seal mechanism 3 is disposed in an outer tube 2 to slidably insert a shock absorber 4 thereinto, a piston rod 5 extending from the shock absorber 4 is connected on the outer tube 2 side, a pressure medium sealed into the outer tube 2 is heated by a heating means 7 and leveling is carried out while controlling the support force exerting on the shock absorber 4, the seal construction being constituted that a free piston 15 is interposed opposite to the seal mechanism 3 between the outer tube 2 and the shock absorber 4, and the seal mechanism 3 and the free piston 15 compart and form a lubricating oil chamber 16 therebetween whereas the free piston 15 is always biased toward the lubricating oil chamber 16.

Abstract: Heat of an electrothermal part of a heater can be transmitted indirectly and efficiently to a pressure medium.

Abstract: The electromagnetic wave focusing device of the present invention comprises a mirror group consisting of a focal-line type primary reflective mirror 11 and secondary reflective mirror 12 which have a unique parabolic cross-sectional shape in an arbitrary cross section that is perpendicular to a certain direction. Incident light rays 14 are primarily reflected by the abovementioned primary reflective mirror 11, and are then secondarily reflected by the secondary reflective mirror 12, so that solar rays are focused at one point. Since focal-line type parabolic cylindrical reflective mirrors are used, the reflective mirrors can be constructed from mirror films and frame assemblies having a specified shape. Accordingly, the electromagnetic wave focusing device can be made extremely thin and light-weight, and this electromagnetic wave focusing device can be folded up without causing any great loss of precision or great increase in mass.

Abstract: To positively prevent a pressure medium sealed into an outer tube from leaking out from a clearance relative to an oil damper, there is provided a seal construction of a shock absorber 1 with leveling function wherein a seal mechanism 3 is disposed in an outer tube 2 to slidably insert a shock absorber 4 thereinto, a piston rod 5 extending from the shock absorber 4 is connected on the outer tube 2 side, a pressure medium sealed into the outer tube 2 is heated by a heating means 7 and leveling is carried out while controlling the support force exerting on the shock absorber 4, the seal construction being constituted that a free piston 15 is interposed opposite to the seal mechanism 3 between the outer tube 2 and the shock absorber 4, and the seal mechanism 3 and the free piston 15 compart and form a lubricating oil chamber 16 therebetween whereas the free piston 15 is always biased toward the lubricating oil chamber 16.

Abstract: On an outside of a damper main body of an inverted type of vehicular damper, a pressure casing of a cylindrical shape which is connected to a damper rod is provided in a manner movable up and down. A pressure chamber for containing therein a pressure medium which varies between a liquid phase and a gaseous phase is formed between the damper main body and the pressure casing. An electric heater to heat and evaporate the pressure medium inside the pressure chamber is provided. Electric charging to the electric heater is controlled by a vehicle height detection switch which is attached to the damper rod or the like.

Abstract: On an outside of a damper main body (1) of an inverted type of damper, a cylindrical case (12) which is coupled to a damper rod (2) is provided so as to be movable up and down. Between the damper main body (1) and the case (12), there is formed a pressure chamber (13) filled with a pressure medium of low boiling point which varies between a gaseous state and a liquid state. By use of a heater (16) which is disposed inside the pressure chamber (13) the pressure medium is heated and evaporated, whereby the vehicle height is increased by the vapor pressure of the pressure medium. In the above-described damper with a vehicle height adjusting function, the heater (16) is arranged to be easily mounted and dismounted to thereby improve the ease with which the maintenance is performed. The influence on the suspension stoke which is caused by the presence of the heater (16) is also minimized. The heater is formed into a bar heater (16).

Abstract: A case is provided on an outside of a damper main body that is connected to a damper rod and which can freely move in vertical directions. A pressure chamber is formed between the damper main body and the case in which a pressure medium is sealed up, which pressure medium changes its phase between vapor and liquid phases. The pressure medium is heated and vaporized by heat generated by virtue of a damping effect of the damper, while the pressure medium is condensed by virtue of heat radiating from the case by running wind. During the running on a rough road when the heating value of the damper becomes large, the internal pressure of the pressure chamber is increased to thereby raise the vehicle height, and during the running at high speeds when the heat radiating value becomes large, the internal pressure of the pressure chamber is decreased to thereby lower the vehicle height.

Abstract: In a vehicular damper with a vehicle height adjusting function, a pressure source for adjusting the vehicle height is integrally assembled into the damper to improve the ease with which the damper is assembled into a vehicle body. For that purpose, on an outer peripheral portion of a damper main body there is provided a case which is connected to a damper rod and which is vertically movable. A refrigerant which varies between a gaseous phase and a liquid phase is contained in the case in a hermetically sealed manner. An electric heater is disposed inside the case to heat and evaporate the refrigerant by the electric heater. The vehicle height is increased by an increase in the vapor pressure inside the case.

Abstract: On an outside of a damper main body, there is provided a case which is movable up and down and which is connected to a damper rod. Between the damper main body and the case, there is formed a pressure chamber which is filled with a pressure medium which changes its state between a gaseous state and a liquid state. A heating chamber to flow therethrough a heating medium which is heated by the heat of the driving source or the like of a vehicle is disposed in a manner to contact a liquid sump portion of the pressure chamber. The pressure medium is heated and evaporated by the heat of the heating medium to thereby increase the internal pressure of the pressure chamber. The case is thus pushed upward and the damper rod is moved up, whereby the vehicle height increases.