Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose example channel access methods and example related apparatuses. One example method includes: when a communication apparatus does not receive a corresponding response frame after sending a frame, increasing a value of a backoff exponent and performing backoff; performing clear channel assignment (CCA) after the backoff is completed; and if a result of the CCA is idle, performing sending, or if a result of the CCA is busy, reperforming backoff. When the communication apparatus receives the response frame for the first radio frame after sending the first radio frame, the communication apparatus sets the first backoff factor to a minimum value of the first backoff factor. The communication apparatus performs the CCA after the backoff is completed. If a result of the CCA is idle, performing sending, or if a result of the CCA is busy, reperforming backoff.

Abstract: In a communication method, a first access point (AP) in a first AP multi-link device generates a management frame that includes a capability information field. The capability information field includes first indication information indicating whether a second AP, which is also in the first AP multi-link device, has performed a channel switch. The first AP then sends the management frame to a first station (STA).

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a channel puncture mode indication method and a related apparatus, which are applied to a wireless local area network (WLAN) system, for example, a WLAN system supporting 802.11be. The method includes: An access point sends a multi-user request to send MU-RTS frame, where the MU-RTS frame includes a common information field, the common information field includes channel puncture information, and the channel puncture information indicates whether at least one 20 MHz channel is occupied.

Abstract: Example channel access methods and apparatus are described. One example method includes performing first channel contention by a multi-link device on a first link, where an initial value of a backoff counter in the first channel contention is determined based on a first value of a contention window. The multi-link device may perform second channel contention on the first link when a value of the backoff counter becomes 0 in the first channel contention and when the multi-link device does not perform transmission on the first link. An initial value of the backoff counter in the second channel contention is determined based on a second value of the contention window, and the second value is equal to the first value or a minimum value of the contention window.

Abstract: A channel contention method includes performing, by a first station and a second station of a multi-link device (MLD), channel contention based on a first enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA) parameter; generating, by the first station and the second station, a point coordination function (PCF) inter-frame space (PIFS) access t imer when the first station performs EDCA access and the second station performs PIFS access; and performing, by the first station and the second station, channel contention based on a second EDCA parameter before the PIFS access timer backs off to 0.

Abstract: A method for determining a receiving status of a data frame and a first multi-link device. The method includes sending data frames to a second multi-link device over multiple links; receiving, over a first link in the multiple links, a block acknowledgment (BA) frame, where a bitmap in the BA frame indicates a receiving status of a data frame transmitted over the first link and indicates a receiving status of a data frame transmitted over a second link in the multiple links, and determining, based on a first time and a second time, a receiving status of a data frame corresponding to a first bit.

Abstract: This disclosure provides methods for modifying a block acknowledgment (BA) protocol parameter. One example method includes a first device that receives a multi-traffic identifier (multi-TID) BA setup request frame comprising multiple pieces of BA protocol identification information from a second device, where the multi-TID BA setup request frame is used to set up parameter information of multiple BA protocols identified by the multiple pieces of BA protocol identification information. The first device sends a multi-TID BA setup response frame to the second device, where the multi-TID BA setup response frame is used to respond to the multi-TID BA setup request frame.

Abstract: This application relates to the communication field, and in particular, to example communication methods, apparatuses, and computer-readable storage mediums, and can be applicable to a sensing system as well as systems that comply with the IEEE 802.11 system standard, for example, 802.11bf, 802.11a/b/g, 802.11n, 802.11ac, 802.11ax, or a next-generation standard thereof, for example, 802.11be or a further next-generation standard, a wireless personal local area network system based on ultra-wideband UWB, or the like. One example method includes a first device sending a first frame to a second device, where the first frame includes a first message, and the first message is used to notify the second device to prepare to receive a sensing measurement result. The first device then obtains the_sensing measurement result.

Abstract: This application relates to the communication field, and in particular, to a sensing by proxy method and a communication apparatus. The solution may be applied to a WLAN system that supports 802.11 series protocols such as a next-generation Wi-Fi protocol of IEEE 802.11ax, for example, 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, and a next-generation protocol of the 802.11be or Wi-Fi 8, and may be further applied to a UWB-based wireless personal area network system and a sensing (sensing) system, for example, a 802.11bf protocol. In the method, an SBP responder may determine, based on a result of a sensing measurement setup of a sensing responder, whether to accept an SBP request, and accept the SBP request when the result of the sensing measurement setup is successful, to increase a success rate of an SBP setup, thereby improving sensing efficiency.

Abstract: A multi-link reconfiguration method and apparatus relate to the field of communications technologies are provided to reconfigure a link between two MLDs. The method includes: A first MLD generates a first frame, where the first frame is used to reconfigure a link between the first MLD and a second MLD. The first MLD sends the first frame to the second MLD.

Abstract: A method includes receiving quality of service requirement information including packet loss rate indication information. The packet loss rate indication information includes an index value and a reference number of service data packets. The reference number of service data packets indicates a reference measurement number for counting the packet loss rate. The index value includes one or more characters. The index value corresponds to an index item in a database. The index item in the database has a mapping relationship with an acceptable maximum packet loss rate in the database. The acceptable maximum packet loss rate includes two or more characters. A quantity of the one or more characters included in the index value is less than a quantity of the two or more characters included in the acceptable maximum packet loss rate. The method also includes determining quality of service requirement based on the quality of service requirement information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a spatial reuse indication method and a wireless communications apparatus, thereby reducing a quantity of nodes that can participate in spatial reuse, reducing mutual interference between nodes in spatial reuse, and improving spatial reuse system performance. The method in some implementations includes a first access point generates a spatial reuse limitation indication and a spatial reuse group indication. The spatial reuse limitation indication can be used to indicate whether only a node in a spatial reuse group is allowed for spatial reuse and to indicate the spatial reuse group. The spatial reuse group includes one or more basic service sets. The first access point sends the spatial reuse limitation indication and the spatial reuse group indication.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link device probing method and a communication apparatus, which may be applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11 be standard. The method includes: A station (STA) multi-link device generates a probe request frame, where the probe request frame carries first indication information used to indicate a first access appoint (AP) working on a first link in an AP multi-link device to feed back communication information of an AP that works on a second link and that is in the AP multi-link device, the communication information is used by the STA multi-link device to perform multi-link communication with the AP multi-link device, the second link is different from a first link; and the STA multi-link device sends the probe request frame on the first link.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and an apparatus, and relates to the field of communications technologies, to reduce a phenomenon that an acknowledge rule is violated in some scenarios. The method includes: After a receive device receives a first data unit from a transmit device through a first link, the receive device sends receiving status information of the first data unit to the transmit device through the first link, unless the first data unit meets any one of a first preset condition. The first preset condition includes: Correctly received information of the first data unit is fed back through another link, or an acknowledge policy corresponding to the first data unit is no acknowledge. The communication method in embodiments of this application is applied to a multi-link data transmission process.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a multi-channel hybrid transmission technology. In an embodiment, a data transmission method comprises: generating, by a first wireless communications device, a physical protocol data unit (PPDU), wherein the PPDU comprises a legacy short training field (L-STF), a legacy long training field (L-LTF), a legacy signal field (L-SIG), and two signature symbols after the L-SIG in a time-domain, and wherein the two signature symbols are identical and are modulated based on binary phase shift keying (BPSK), the two signature symbols identify a wireless communications standard the PPDU complies with; and transmitting, by the first wireless communications device, the PPDU to a second wireless communications device.

Abstract: A link identifier indication method includes: A multi-link device working on a plurality of links sends a radio frame, where the radio frame includes link information of at least one link in the plurality of links, and link information of one link is used to indicate the link and corresponds to a link identifier of the link; a receiving device that receives the radio frame may determine the link identifier of the link corresponding to the link information, so that in communication of the multi-link device, a link can be identified by using the link identifier.

Abstract: A non-AP MLD or a first STA in the non-AP MLD generates a first frame. The first frame includes indication information for indicating padding duration for a channel switch delay in an initial control frame. The padding duration is determined based on duration of a control response frame. The non-AP MLD or the first STA or another STA in the non-AP MLD transmits the first frame. An AP MLD or a first AP or another AP in the AP MLD receives the first frame. The AP MLD or the first AP determines the padding duration of the initial control frame based on the indication information.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a method for determining a data buffer status, and an apparatus. The method includes: A first MLD receives first indication information from a second MLD, and determines, based on the first indication information and a correspondence between an association identifier of the first MLD and a data type supported by the first MLD, a buffer status of bufferable data that corresponds to the at least one data type and that is in the second MLD, where the first indication information is used to indicate the buffer status of the bufferable data. According to the embodiments of this application, a data buffer status in a data type dimension can be determined. The embodiments of this application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports a next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol of the IEEE 802.11, that is, the 802.11 protocol such as 802.11be.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link establishment method and a related device. A multi-link association response frame carries radio bitmap information, to indicate an AP allowed to be associated with a radio of a STA MLD or a link allowed to be established by using a radio of a STA MLD, so that the radio subsequently switches between different APs or links. The multi-link association response frame carries link establishment status information, to indicate a link establishment status of each link that the STA MLD requests to establish, so that multi-link establishment is more flexible. The multi-link association response frame carries reassociation information, to indicate whether each parameter in association configuration information is reserved, so that a problem that signaling overheads are relatively large due to a reassociation operation is avoided. It can be learned that, in the multi-link establishment method, the foregoing information is carried to improve multi-link establishment flexibility.

Abstract: A method includes receiving a multi-user request to send (MU-RTS) frame. The MU-RTS frame may include user information fields, where one user information field corresponds to one or more stations. The method further includes performing uplink transmission or P2P transmission in a first time period based on the MU-RTS frame.