Abstract: Embodiments of this application describe a communication method, a first station (STA), a second STA, and an access point (AP). The method includes: determining, by a first STA, a first basic service set (BSS) color; generating, by the first STA, a data frame when the first station STA and a second STA perform D2D transmission, where the data frame includes the first BSS color; and sending, by the first STA, the data frame to the second STA. The first BSS color is carried in the D2D data frame, so that when receiving the data frame, another receiving station in a BSS to which the first STA and the second STA belong can determine that the frame is a frame from a neighboring cell.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to communication methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a non-access point multi-link device (non-AP MLD) receives a first frame from a first access point (AP) when performing a listening operation on a first link. The non-AP MLD switches some or all of spatial streams/antennas on each link of the non-AP MLD to the first link to perform a frame exchange with the first AP. When determining that any preset condition in a preset condition set is met, the non-AP MLD switches some spatial streams/antennas on the first link back to each link or another link to perform the listening operation.

Abstract: A cooperative communication method receives an announcement frame from a master access point. The announcement frame includes a duration field, a value of the duration field is set to a first duration, an end time of the first duration is not later than an end time of a target trigger frame or is not later than a start time of a target trigger based (TB) physical layer protocol data unit (PPDU), the target trigger frame is a next radio frame of the announcement frame, the target TB PPDU is a response frame for the target trigger frame, the target trigger frame comprises a second trigger frame, and the target TB PPDU comprises a second TB PPDU. The slave access point sends the second trigger frame to a second station associated with the slave access point, and receives the second TB PPDU from the second station.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a spatial reuse indication method and a wireless communications apparatus, thereby reducing a quantity of nodes that can participate in spatial reuse, reducing mutual interference between nodes in spatial reuse, and improving spatial reuse system performance. The method in some implementations includes a first access point generates a spatial reuse limitation indication and a spatial reuse group indication. The spatial reuse limitation indication can be used to indicate whether only a node in a spatial reuse group is allowed for spatial reuse and to indicate the spatial reuse group. The spatial reuse group includes one or more basic service sets. The first access point sends the spatial reuse limitation indication and the spatial reuse group indication.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communications. In an embodiment, a data transmission method comprises generating, by an access point (AP), a scheduling frame, wherein the scheduling frame comprises a first user information field that carries first trigger information for one or more first stations (STAs) and a second user information field that carries second trigger information for one or more second STAs; sending, by the AP, the scheduling frame, wherein the scheduling frame further comprises a field indicating the scheduling frame is an extension scheduling frame, the extension scheduling frame has a trigger frame type that complies with a protocol later than the 802.11ax standard protocol.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a probe request and response technology between a station and a plurality of AP MLDs. If the station wants to obtain a communication parameter of a nontransmitted BSSID AP, the station may send a probe request frame to a nontransmitted BSSID AP in an MBSSID set, and a transmitted BSSID AP in the MBSSID set may reply with a probe response frame. Alternatively, if the station wants to probe a plurality of AP MLDs at a time, the station may send the probe request frame to one transmitted BSSID AP in the MBSSID set, to request the AP to reply with a communication parameter of the nontransmitted BSSID AP. The nontransmitted BSSID AP and the transmitted BSSID AP may belong to different AP MLDs.

Abstract: A method includes, in accordance with some implementations, sending, a measurement station, a trigger frame to a signal source station, where the trigger frame carries pilot format information, and the pilot format information is used to indicate a sending time point of a signal frame triggered by the trigger frame, a quantity of times for sending the signal frame, and a transmission mode of pilot information in the signal frame. The measurement station receives an illumination frame from the signal source station, where the illumination frame is the signal frame triggered by the trigger frame. The measurement station analyzes pilot information in the illumination frame to obtain sensing information in the illumination frame, where the sensing information is used to indicate physical information of an object surrounding the signal source station and the measurement station.

Abstract: A method includes an access point device that obtains a transmission opportunity (TXOP) in a wireless local area network (WLAN) and that allocates a first period in the TXOP to a non-access point device for data transmission. The access point device receives a first frame in the first period. An access address or a transmitter address of the first frame is associated with the non-access point device. The method further includes that the access point device keeps, based on the first frame, a network allocation vector (NAV) unchanged.

Abstract: This application relates to a communication method, a communication device, and a computer-readable storage medium. In the communication method, a second device receives a third protocol data unit from a first device. The third protocol data unit includes a second frame, and the second frame indicates that a first time period in a transmission opportunity of the first device is allocated for data transmission of the second device. The second device transmits a fourth protocol data unit to a third device within the first time period. A duration field in the fourth protocol data unit is set, so that a basic network allocation vector associated with the fourth device is 0 when the first time period ends. In this way, the fourth device can respond to triggering, thereby improving system efficiency.

Abstract: This application is applicable to a multi-link group addressed traffic transmission method and an apparatus. A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) sends group addressed traffic indication information indicating whether each AP of other APs of the AP MLD has a group addressed traffic, so that a station (STA) can learn whether the multiple APs have a group addressed traffic. In this way, each STA of the STA MLD does not need to listen to each AP whether each AP has a group addressed traffic. This reduces power consumption of the STA MLD. This application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be.

Abstract: An electronic well lid based on electric control travel switch control relates to the technical field of electronic well lids. The electronic well lid based on electric control travel switch control includes a well seat in splined connection with a sliding ring. The sliding ring is provided with a well lid lifting mechanism. A garbage collection mechanism is arranged on the well seat. An arc-shaped groove is formed in the sliding ring. An anti-deviation mechanism is arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the sliding ring. Square grooves are communicated with square holes by way of arrangement of the well lid lifting mechanism and cooperation of first fixing rings and the square grooves. Thus, a drainage speed of the device is increased, pedestrians may continue to pass safely on the well lid in a drainage process of the device, and the protection effect for pedestrians in the drainage process is improved.

Abstract: This application provides a communications method and a communications apparatus. A first station in a first multi-link device sends first information to a second multi-link device, where the first information is used to indicate a frequency at which how often a station in a power saving mode in the first multi-link device receives a beacon frame. In this way, the second multi-link device may learn about, based on the first information, how often a frequency at which a station in the first multi-link device receives a beacon frame, thereby helping the second multi-link device effectively manage a cache service of each station in the first multi-link device and manage a data buffer space.

Abstract: This application relates to the wireless communications field, for example, is applicable to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard, and in particular, to a PPDU uplink bandwidth indication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An AP generates and sends a trigger frame. The trigger frame carries first indication information, where the first indication information directly indicates or jointly indicates an EHT TB PPDU bandwidth or an uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth. The trigger frame carries second indication information, where the second indication information indicates distribution of an HE TB PPDU and/or an EHT TB PPDU in the uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth, or directly indicate whether an EHT station transmits an HE TB PPDU or an EHT TB PPDU.

Abstract: A method includes: The non-AP MLD generates a buffer report, and sends the buffer report to the AP MLD on a first uplink/downlink of the plurality of uplinks/downlinks. The buffer report includes a request for a duration of direct transmission performed by a first affiliated non-AP STA of the non-AP MLD on a first direct link, the first direct link is a link between a first target non-AP STA and the first affiliated non-AP STA, and the first target non-AP STA and the first affiliated non-AP STA belong to a same BSS.

Abstract: This application provides a pilot signal transmission method and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a first frequency band to which a discrete RU allocated to the first device belongs; and the first device sends a first pilot signal of the first device to a second device on all pilot subcarriers included in the first frequency band. According to embodiments of this application, problems such as narrowband interference and frequency selective fading are avoided, and pilot signal transmission reliability is improved.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to radio frame sending methods and apparatuses, and radio frame receiving methods and apparatuses. In one example method, a multi-link device generates a radio frame, where the radio frame includes a first multi-link element (MLE) and a second MLE, the first MLE includes a first information element, the second MLE includes a second information element, and the first information element and the second information element correspond to station information of a same link. Then, the multi-link device sends the radio frame.

Abstract: This application provides a method for sending data in a wireless network, and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device determines a distributed RU allocated to the first device, where the distributed RU includes data subcarriers and pilot subcarriers, all subcarriers of one distributed RU are distributed on a first frequency band, a size of the first frequency band is 20 MHz, the first frequency band includes a maximum of 18 pilot subcarriers that are disposed at an interval, a quantity of pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU is greater than or equal to 2, and at least two pilot subcarriers included in one distributed RU are spaced by at least M pilot subcarriers; and the first device sends a physical layer protocol data unit PPDU on the distributed RU.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link establishment method and a related device. A multi-link association response frame carries radio bitmap information, to indicate an AP allowed to be associated with a radio of a STA MLD or a link allowed to be established by using a radio of a STA MLD, so that the radio subsequently switches between different APs or links. The multi-link association response frame carries link establishment status information, to indicate a link establishment status of each link that the STA MLD requests to establish, so that multi-link establishment is more flexible. The multi-link association response frame carries reassociation information, to indicate whether each parameter in association configuration information is reserved, so that a problem that signaling overheads are relatively large due to a reassociation operation is avoided. It can be learned that, in the multi-link establishment method, the foregoing information is carried to improve multi-link establishment flexibility.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods and apparatuses for reporting buffered data. In one example method, a station (STA) generates a first frame, where the first frame includes first information, the first information includes time information, the time information indicates a first time, and a first buffered data packet needs to be sent within the first time. The STA sends the first frame.

Abstract: An electronic well lid based on electric control travel switch control relates to the technical field of electronic well lids. The electronic well lid based on electric control travel switch control includes a well seat in splined connection with a sliding ring. The sliding ring is provided with a well lid lifting mechanism. A garbage collection mechanism is arranged on the well seat. An arc-shaped groove is formed in the sliding ring. An anti-deviation mechanism is arranged in the arc-shaped groove of the sliding ring. Square grooves are communicated with square holes by way of arrangement of the well lid lifting mechanism and cooperation of first fixing rings and the square grooves. Thus, a drainage speed of the device is increased, pedestrians may continue to pass safely on the well lid in a drainage process of the device, and the protection effect for pedestrians in the drainage process is improved.