Abstract: A multi-band transmission method implemented by a receive end, where the method includes: receiving data packets in parallel from a transmit end using M frequency bands, where the data packets belong to a same traffic stream; receiving a BAR from the transmit end, where the BAR carries an SSN and requests a receiving state of a data packet from the transmit end on the mth frequency band; marking an mth state for an unreceived data packet whose SN is before the SSN; marking one or more unreceived data packets with a discarded state when determining the one or more unreceived data packets are marked with a first state, a second state, . . . , and an Mth state; determining whether there are data packets with consecutive SNs; and if yes, submitting a data packet that is in the received state and in the data packets with the consecutive SNs.

Abstract: This application discloses a multi-link device probing method and a communication apparatus, which may be applied to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11 be standard. The method includes: A STA multi-link device generates a probe request frame, where the probe request frame carries first indication information used to indicate a first AP working on a first link in an AP multi-link device to feed back communication information of an AP that works on a second link and that is in the AP multi-link device, the communication information is used by the STA multi-link device to perform multi-link communication with the AP multi-link device, the second link is different from a first link; and the STA multi-link device sends the probe request frame on the first link.

Abstract: An association establishment method and apparatus for carrying out the method are described. The association establishment method includes broadcasting, by an access point (AP), a trigger frame, wherein the trigger frame is used to trigger one or more unassociated stations STAs to perform uplink data transmission and indicate one or more available subchannels for random accessing of the unassociated STAs. The method further comprises receiving, by the AP, one or more association request messages sent on available subchannels acquired by the unassociated STAs. Thereafter, the AP broadcasts a multi-block acknowledgement M-BA frame, wherein the M-BA frame includes one or more pieces of association acknowledgement information and the association acknowledgement information is acknowledgement information of the association request message.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and apparatus, and relates to the field of communication technologies. The method includes: An AP generates a trigger frame, where the trigger frame includes a first user information field, a part or all of a frequency domain resource indicated by a resource unit allocation subfield in a fourth user information field before the first user information field is located on a primary 160 MHz channel, and a part or all of a frequency domain resource indicated by a resource unit allocation subfield in a fourth user information field after the first user information field is located on a secondary 160 MHz channel. Then, the AP sends the trigger frame.

Abstract: A method includes generating quality of service requirement information which includes packet loss rate indication information. The packet loss rate indication information includes an acceptable maximum packet loss rate and a reference number of service data packets. The reference number of service data packets indicates a reference measurement number for counting the packet loss rate. The method also includes sending the quality of service requirement information.

Abstract: A non-AP MLD or a first STA in the non-AP MLD generates a first frame. The first frame includes indication information for indicating padding duration for a channel switch delay in an initial control frame. The padding duration is determined based on duration of a control response frame. The non-AP MLD or the first STA or another STA in the non-AP MLD transmits the first frame. An AP MLD or a first AP or another AP in the AP MLD receives the first frame. The AP MLD or the first AP determines the padding duration of the initial control frame based on the indication information.

Abstract: This embodiments of the application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular, to a method for recovering permission to use a transmission opportunity and a related apparatus. The method includes: A first device receives a first frame from a second device. The first device recovers the permission to use the transmission opportunity (TXOP) based on the first frame. The first frame indicates that the second device has stopped using a first time resource. The first time resource is allocated by the first device from an obtained TXOP to the second device by using a single-user trigger frame.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. The method includes: A sending device sends a first physical layer protocol data unit PPDU over a first link, where the first PPDU carries a trigger frame. The sending device sends a second PPDU over a second link, where the second PPDU carries a second trigger frame; and an absolute value of a time difference between an end time of sending the first PPDU and an end time of sending the second PPDU is less than or equal to a first duration, and the first duration is related to a state turnaround time in a short interframe space (SIFS) time.

Abstract: This application provides a communication method and a communication apparatus. One example method includes: A sending device sends a first physical layer protocol data unit PPDU over a first link, where the first PPDU carries a trigger frame. The sending device sends a second PPDU over a second link, where an end time of sending the second PPDU is not earlier than a first time and not later than a second time, the first time is related to an end time of sending the first PPDU and a state turnaround time in a short interframe space SIFS time, and the second time is related to the end time of sending the first PPDU and the SIFS time.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application provide a communication method between multi-link devices and an apparatus, and relate to the field of communications technologies, to reduce power consumption of a station multi-link device. The method includes: a multi-link device includes a plurality of STAs, one STA operates on one of a plurality of links, and the STA determines a primary link in the plurality of links. A STA operating on the primary link in the multi-link device may receive information sent by the AP indicating whether the STA operating on the primary link has a downlink traffic, and/or information indicating whether a STA operating on a link other than the primary link has a downlink traffic. Therefore, the STA operating on the primary link may determine a link on which the STA having a downlink traffic operates in the multi-link device.

Abstract: A method includes: A first device sends a block acknowledgment request frame to a second device. The block acknowledgment request frame is used to request the second device to send a block acknowledgment frame. The block acknowledgment frame indicates a receiving status of an access control layer protocol data unit in first transmission. The first transmission is suspended at a first moment, and the first moment is earlier than a transmission end moment when the first transmission is not suspended. The first device receives the block acknowledgment frame. The first device starts, at a second moment, to perform second transmission.

Abstract: This application relates to the wireless communications field, for example, is applicable to a wireless local area network supporting the 802.11be standard, and in particular, to a PPDU uplink bandwidth indication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: An AP generates and sends a trigger frame. The trigger frame carries first indication information, where the first indication information is directly used to indicate or jointly indicate an EHT TB PPDU bandwidth or an uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth. The trigger frame carries second indication information, where the second indication information is used to indicate distribution of an HE TB PPDU and/or an EHT TB PPDU in the uplink PPDU total transmission bandwidth, or directly indicate whether an EHT station transmits an HE TB PPDU or an EHT TB PPDU.

Abstract: This application relates to the field of wireless communication. An example method includes a first device generating a media access control (MAC) frame. The MAC frame includes a subfield. The subfield indicates that the MAC frame is a modified multi-user request-to-send frame. The modified multi-user request-to-send frame indicates a time resource allocated to a second device. The example method further includes the first device sending the MAC frame.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application relates to a multi-link communication setup method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a non-AP MLD sends an association request frame on a first link, to request multi-link setup. An AP MLD returns an association response frame on the first link, to notify whether multi-link setup succeeds. The AP MLD sets a second status code field of a multi-link element of the association response frame to a newly defined value, to indicate that a cause why a link is not accepted is that the first link is not accepted. This application is applied to a WLAN system that supports a next generation Wi-Fi protocol of 802.11ax, for example, 802.11be, Wi-Fi 7, or EHT, and other 802.11 series protocols; and for another example, a next generation protocol of 802.11be: Wi-Fi 8.

Abstract: A communication method, an apparatus, and a computer-readable storage medium are provided. The method includes: if a first condition is met, a station (STA) determines that a restricted service period ends, where the first condition includes one or more of the following: receiving a first frame, where the first frame indicates that the restricted service period ends; receiving no second frame in a preset time period; and receiving a frame for non-low-latency service communication in a local cell, where the local cell is a basic service set (BSS) to which the STA belongs.

Abstract: A wavelength division multiplexing structure comprises a first wavelength division multiplexer and a second wavelength division multiplexer, each comprises N filtering units, a branch side interface connected to each filtering units, and a line side interface, N being a positive integer; each filtering unit corresponds to one central wavelength; the line side interface of the first wavelength division multiplexer and that of the second wavelength division multiplexer are connected by an optical fiber, the N filtering units are divided into multiple filtering unit groups, and the multiple filtering unit groups are cascaded in series or cascaded in a series-parallel combination; filter units in each filtering unit group are cascaded in series; and a cascade mode and/or cascade position corresponding to each filter unit in the first wavelength division multiplexer and the second wavelength division multiplexer is at least related to the center wavelengths corresponding to the filter unit.

Abstract: This application is applicable to a multi-link group addressed traffic transmission method and an apparatus. A first access point (AP) of an AP multi-link device (MLD) sends group addressed traffic indication information indicating whether each AP of other APs of the AP MLD has a group addressed traffic, so that a station (STA) can learn whether the multiple APs have a group addressed traffic. In this way, each STA of the STAMLD does not need to listen to each AP whether each AP has a group addressed traffic. This reduces power consumption of the STA MLD. This application may be applied to a wireless local area network system that supports an IEEE 802.11ax next-generation Wi-Fi EHT protocol, for example, 802.11 series protocols such as 802.11be.

Abstract: A STA in a STA MLD sends an information frame on a link corresponding to the station, and the information frame is used to indicate a STA in an awake state in the STA MLD. An AP MLD receives the information frame, and sends a downlink message frame on a one or more links corresponding to a part of or all of STAs in the awake state in the STA MLD, to assist the part of or all of the stations in fast accessing a channel without waiting for a NAVSyncDelay time period.

Abstract: Provided are an optical module, a management and control information processing method, and a communication system. The optical module includes: a clock recovery unit, an optical transmitting unit, an optical receiving unit, and a micro-control unit. The optical module also includes: a logic processing unit, which is configured to add first management and control information to first service information, the first service information being service information sent by the optical module to an optical module on the other side, and obtain second management and control information from second service information, the second service information being service information sent by the optical module on the other side to the optical module.

Abstract: Embodiments of this application disclose a multi-link communication method and a related apparatus. The method includes: a first station sends, on a first link, a radio frame to a second station, where the first station is one of multiple stations included in a first multi-link device. The multiple stations included in the first multi-link device work on multiple links, and the multiple links include a first link on which the first station works. The radio frame includes at least two management frames, the at least two management frames are generated by at least two stations that work on different links in the first multi-link device, and the second station is one of multiple stations included in a second multi-link device.