Electronic Circuit and Method for Manufacturing an Electronic Circuit
The invention relates to an electronic circuit comprising a first terminal (100) and a second terminal (200, 300) and at least three transistors (1) arranged in parallel, each transistor having a control terminal (2) connected to said first terminal (100) for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal (3, 4) connected to said second terminal (200, 300) for providing an output signal, said output signal depending on the control signal. The transistors (1) are arranged symmetrically with regard to a point of symmetry, in a manner such that the contribution to the heating of a transistor by heat received from the other transistors, is substantially the same for all of said transistors. The invention also relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic circuit.
Latest Seiko Epson Corporation Patents:
- ELECTRO-OPTICAL DEVICE AND ELECTRONIC DEVICE
- VIRTUAL IMAGE DISPLAY DEVICE AND OPTICAL UNIT
- Mounting structure, ultrasonic device, ultrasonic probe, ultrasonic apparatus, and electronic apparatus
- Measurement method, measurement device, measurement system, and measurement program
- Ultrasonic motor, robot, and life diagnostic method of ultrasonic motor
The invention relates to transistor circuits, especially to power amplifier circuits including power transistors.
STATE OF THE ARTFrequently, individual transistors are coupled in parallel in order to obtain an output signal corresponding to the sum of the individual output signals of the transistors. For example, in power amplifier circuits, a plurality of power transistors are often connected in parallel in order to provide for high output power. That is, for example, in a power amplifier circuit, a plurality of transistors can be connected in parallel, each transistor having a control terminal (for example, in the case of bipolar transistors, the base) connected to a first terminal (control terminal) of the circuit, for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal (for example, in the case of bipolar transistors, the collector and/or the emitter) connected to a second terminal of the circuit, for providing a composite output signal at said second terminal; the output signal depends on the control signal and is the sum of the output signal at the output terminals of the individual transistors.
Normally, in this kind of circuits, the transistors are placed in an array, as shown in
By applying a control signal to the control terminals 2 of the transistors 1, a high power output can be obtained at the second terminal 200. However, during operation, heat is generated in the individual power transistors 1. As a consequence, during operation, the temperature of each transistor rises, due to the heat generated by the transistor itself and, also, due to heat received from the surrounding or adjacent transistors of the circuit.
When the transistors are arranged in the conventional linear arrangement, that is, in one single row, the transistors are heated differently depending on whether they are at the end of the row or not, as schematically illustrated in
That is, there will be a non-uniform temperature distribution: different transistors of the circuit will have different temperatures, namely, during operation, the transistors inside the row—1B, 1C—will probably have a higher temperature than the transistors at the end of the row—1A, 1D—; the different temperatures of the transistors will give rise to differences in carrier mobility between the transistors. This is disadvantageous, as it will affect the characteristics of the circuit (for example, signal phase, power gain or power added efficiency—PAE—of a power amplifier) and its reliability.
Often, miniaturisation of the circuits is desired; for example, there is a need for miniaturised power amplifier circuits for mobile telephony. However, miniaturisation of the circuits tend to imply stricter requirements on temperature related issues, as components tend to get closer to each other, and as there is less space for incorporating heat absorbing structures (heat sinks).
JP-A-06-349837 discloses a semiconductor device in which, in order to improve the temperature distribution inside the device caused by heat generated in the device, when at least three semiconductor elements are arranged in a comb-shape, a lead-out part which is thicker than other lead-out parts is arranged at each odd-numbered semiconductor element. Thereby, it is possible to arrange a bonding pad just near said thicker lead-out part, which makes it possible to reduce the irregularities in the temperature and to improve the temperature distribution inside the device. That is, basically, a bonding pad is inserted between every even number of transistors. However, this requires large area bonding pads and a large area of the circuit, which does not seem desirable when it comes to miniaturisation of circuits.
JP-A-6-310545 discloses a semiconductor device having a layout aiming at lowering the maximum temperature of the device and unifying the temperature of the respective amplifying parts. This seems to be done by making the gap between elements large at the centre of the row, and decreasing it towards the ends of the row. However, this seems to require careful control of the distances all along the row, and a risk for mismatch between the characteristics at both ends of the row.
JP-A-2003-347851 shows an arrangement using a circuit for temperature compensation; however, this requires an increase of the chip size.
Thus, it has been considered desirable to provide for an alternative manner of obtaining an adequate temperature distribution over the circuit and for avoiding an excessive heating of certain parts of the circuit, without any need for additional elements; the solution should preferably be suitable for miniaturisation of the circuits.
DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTIONOne aspect of the invention relates to an electronic circuit comprising a first terminal, a second terminal and at least three transistors arranged in parallel, each transistor having a control terminal connected to said first terminal for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal connected to said second terminal for providing an output signal, said output signal depending on the control signal. Thus, by applying a control signal to the first terminal of the circuit (and, thus, to the control terminals of the transistors), a controlled composite output signal can be obtained at the second terminal, said signal corresponding to the sum of the output signals of the individual transistors.
In accordance with the invention, said transistors are arranged symmetrically with regard to a point of symmetry, in a manner such that the contribution to the heating of a transistor by heat received from the other transistors, is substantially the same for all of said transistors. In this manner, and contrarily to what happened in the “linear” layout described above (in which the transistors are arranged in one single row), no transistor will be heated more than other transistors due to heat received from adjacent transistors; if the self-heating (the heating that takes place due to currents flowing through the transistors) is the same for all transistors, the total heating of the transistors will also be substantially the same, thus providing for uniform temperature distribution and characteristics of the transistors.
Preferably, each transistor is placed at the same distance from the point of symmetry.
Preferably, the transistors are placed in a regular pattern around the point of symmetry, the distance between a transistor and the closest two adjacent transistors being substantially the same for all transistors.
The transistors can all be placed in the same plane.
The transistors can be bipolar transistors, in which case the control terminal will be the base and the output terminal the emitter and/or the collector of the transistors.
However, the transistors can also be any other kind of transistors, for example, field effect transistors (FETs).
The invention is considered to be especially advantageous if the transistors are power transistors. The circuit can be a power amplifier.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a composite transistor circuit, comprising a plurality of circuits as described above, said circuits being arranged in a regular matrix pattern having a plurality of rows and columns, each row and column comprising a plurality of circuits, the distance between two adjacent circuits in a row being substantially the same as the distance between two adjacent circuits in a column. Thereby, a large “composite” circuit can be obtained, comprising a large number of transistors distributed in small circuits with a relatively homogeneous temperature distribution.
Another aspect of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing an electronic circuit, comprising the step of arranging a plurality of transistors on a substrate such that each transistor has a control terminal connected to a first terminal of the circuit for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal connected to a second terminal of the circuit for providing an output signal, said output signal depending on the control signal.
According to the invention, the transistors are arranged symmetrically with regard to a point of symmetry, in a manner so that the contribution to the heating of a transistor by heat received from the other transistors, is substantially the same for all of said transistors. In this manner, the invention achieves the objectives outlined above.
Each transistor can be placed at the same distance from the point of symmetry.
The transistors can be placed in a regular pattern around the point of symmetry, the distance between each transistor and the closest two adjacent transistors being the same for all transistors.
A further aspect of the invention relates to a method for manufacturing a composite electric circuit, comprising the step of producing a plurality of electric circuits, whereby each circuit is produced following the method described above. According to this aspect of the invention, the electric circuits are distributed regularly over a surface, in a matrix pattern having a plurality of rows and columns, each row and column comprising a plurality of circuits, the distance between two adjacent circuits in a row being substantially the same as the distance between two adjacent circuits in a column.
Using this arrangement or layout, the distance from each transistor to a point of symmetry (the centre of the square) is the same, and also the distance between a transistor and the adjacent transistors is the same, for all of the transistors. Thus, it is achieved that no transistor is heated more than any other transistor due to heat coming from the other transistors of the circuit, thereby providing a more regular temperature distribution in the circuit, and reducing the discrepancy in carrier mobility between the different transistors.
In the preferred embodiment described herein, bipolar transistors have been used, but the invention is equally applicable to other kinds of transistors, for example, FETs, etc. Also, the circuit can comprise any number of transistors, for example, eight transistors forming an octagon pattern, etc.
Throughout the description and claims of the specification, the word “comprise” and variations of the word, such as “comprising”, is not intended to exclude other additives, components, integers or steps.
Claims
1. An electronic circuit comprising a first terminal and a second terminal and at least three transistors arranged in parallel, each transistor having a control terminal connected to said first terminal for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal connected to said second terminal for providing an output signal, said output signal depending on the control signal,
- wherein
- said transistors are arranged symmetrically with regard to a point of symmetry, in a manner such that the contribution to the heating of a transistor by heat received from the other transistors, is substantially the same for all of said transistors.
2. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein each transistor is placed at a distance from the point of symmetry, said distance being the same for all transistors.
3. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistors are placed in a regular pattern around the point of symmetry, the distance between a transistor and the closest two adjacent transistors being the same for all transistors.
4. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistors are situated in the same plane.
5. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistors are bipolar transistor, the control terminal being the base and the output terminal being the emitter and/or the collector of the transistors.
6. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistors are field effect transistors.
7. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein the transistors are power transistors.
8. An electronic circuit according to claim 1, wherein said circuit is a power amplifier.
9. A composite transistor circuit, comprising a plurality of circuits according to claim 1, arranged in a regular matrix pattern having a plurality of rows and columns, each row and column comprising a plurality of circuits, the distance between two adjacent circuits in a row being substantially the same as the distance between two adjacent circuits in a column.
10. A method for manufacturing an electronic circuit, comprising the steps of: arranging at least three transistors on a substrate such that each transistor has a control terminal connected to a first terminal of the circuit for receiving a control signal, and an output terminal connected to a second terminal of the circuit for providing an output signal at said second terminal, said output signal depending on the control signal,
- wherein
- said transistors are arranged symmetrically with regard to a point of symmetry, in a manner such that the contribution to the heating of a transistor by heat received from the other transistors, is substantially the same for all of said transistors.
11. A method according to claim 10, wherein each transistor is placed at a distance from the point of symmetry, said distance being the same for all transistors.
12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the transistors are placed in a regular pattern around the point of symmetry, the distance between each transistor and the closest two adjacent transistors being the same for all transistors.
13. A method for manufacturing a composite electric circuit, comprising the step of producing a plurality of electric circuits, whereby each circuit is produced following the method of claim 10, whereby the electric circuits are distributed regularly over a surface, in a matrix pattern having a plurality of rows and columns, each row and column comprising a plurality of circuits, the distance between two adjacent circuits in a row being substantially the same as the distance between two adjacent circuits in a column.
Type: Application
Filed: May 9, 2005
Publication Date: Aug 14, 2008
Applicant: Seiko Epson Corporation (Tokyo)
Inventor: Kazuaki Tanaka (San Cugat Del Valles)
Application Number: 11/579,745
International Classification: H03F 3/16 (20060101); H01L 25/07 (20060101);