LOCATING DEVICES USING WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS
A method for determining the location of a device of interest is described. The method includes gathering a wireless communications characteristic of the communications between the device of interest and the BAS devices. The method further includes using a processing circuit to determine the location of the device of interest using the gathered wireless communications characteristics and location information regarding the BAS devices.
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The present application claims the benefit of U.S. Provisional Application No. 60/962,697, filed Jul. 31, 2007, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
BACKGROUNDThe present disclosure generally relates to the field of building automation systems. The present disclosure relates more specifically to the location of building devices using wireless communications.
Wireless communications have been used to identify objects. For example, wireless readers (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) readers) can be used to wirelessly identify target devices (e.g., RFID transponders, RFID tags, RFID-enabled devices, etc.). Target devices such as RFID transponders have been coupled to people or equipment for inventory and tracking purposes (e.g., movement through an assembly line, etc.).
Conventional radio frequency location systems (RFLS) typically have relatively poor resolution characteristics. Accordingly, many RFLS systems rely on highly directional readers or the application relying on the RFLS system is designed with poor resolution characteristics in mind.
Improved systems and methods for locating building devices using wireless communications are needed.
SUMMARYThe invention relates to a method for determining the location of a first device. The method includes using the first device for wireless communications with a first building automation system (BAS) device. The method further includes gathering a wireless communications characteristic of the wireless communications between the first device and the first BAS device. The method yet further includes using a processing circuit to determine the location of the first device using the wireless communications characteristic. The method yet further includes storing the determined location in a memory unit, displaying the determined location on an electronic display system, or storing the determined location in the memory unit and displaying the determined location on the electronic display system.
The invention further relates to a system for determining the location of a first device based on the location of a first BAS device that is a part of a building automation system. The system includes a processing circuit configured to gather a wireless communications characteristic of wireless communications between the first device and the first BAS device. The processing circuit determines the location of the first device using the wireless communication characteristic. The processing circuit also stores the determined location in a memory unit and displays the determined location on an electronic display system. The processing circuit can also store the determined location in the memory unit and display the determined location on the electronic display system.
The invention further relates to a method for determining the location of a device of interest using BAS devices. The method includes gathering a wireless communications characteristic of communications between the device of interest and the BAS devices. The method further includes using a processing circuit to determine the location of the device of interest using the gathered wireless communications characteristics and location information regarding the BAS devices.
Alternative exemplary embodiments relate to other features and combinations of features as may be generally recited in the claims.
The disclosure will become more fully understood from the following detailed description, taken in conjunction with the accompanying figures, wherein like reference numerals refer to like elements, in which:
Before turning to the figures, which illustrate the exemplary embodiments in detail, it should be understood that the application is not limited to the details or methodology set forth in the description or illustrated in the figures. It should also be understood that the terminology is for the purpose of description only and should not be regarded as limiting.
Referring generally to the figures, systems and methods for locating building devices using wireless communications are shown. The location of a device of interest can be determined by using wireless communications between the device of interest and other building automation system (BAS) devices. At least one wireless communications characteristic of the wireless communications between the device of interest and the BAS devices is gathered and used by a processing circuit to determine the location of the device of interest. The determined location can be used to locate the physical device of interest for service reasons (or any other reason). Further the determined location can be used to automatically configure the device of interest for use with the BAS. For example, the device of interest can be automatically configured by a supervisory controller or self-configured based on the determined location. Configuring the device of interest for use with the BAS can include associating the device of interest with a BAS control loop and/or a building area. The determined location information can be stored in memory for later use.
Referring now to
BASs are, in general, hardware and/or software systems configured to control, monitor, and manage equipment in or around a building or building area. BAS equipment can include a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system, a security system, a lighting system, a fire alerting system, an elevator system, another system that is capable of managing building functions, or any combination thereof. The BAS and the BAS components illustrated and discussed in the present disclosure are examples of building automation systems and devices that may be used in conjunction with the systems and methods of the present disclosure; however, other building systems can be used with the systems and methods of the present disclosure.
Referring to
Supervisory controllers 102 may be connected to any number of BAS devices. The devices may include, among other devices, devices such as field equipment controllers (FEC) 106 and 110 such as field-level control modules, variable air volume modular assemblies (VMAs) 108, integrator units, room controllers 112 (e.g., a variable air volume (VAV) device or unit), other controllers 114, unitary devices 116, zone controllers 118 (e.g., an air handling unit (AHU) controller), boilers 120, fan coil units 122, heat pump units 124, unit ventilators 126, expansion modules, blowers, temperature sensors, network routers, humidity sensors, temperature sensors, flow transducers, other sensors, motion detectors, actuators, dampers, heaters, air conditioning units, etc. These devices may generally be controlled and/or monitored by supervisory controllers 102. Data generated by or available on the various BAS devices that are directly or indirectly connected to supervisory controllers 102 may be passed, sent, requested, or read by supervisory controllers 102 and/or sent to various other systems or terminals 104 of BAS 100. The data may be stored by supervisory controllers 102 in a local or remote memory unit, processed by supervisory controllers 102, transformed by supervisory controllers 102, and/or sent to various other systems or terminals 104 of the BAS 100. As shown in
Referring still to
While supervisory controllers 102 are shown in
In the illustrated embodiment, mesh network 11 includes a building area 12, a plurality of devices 13a and 13b (e.g., RF-enabled BAS devices), a controller system 14, a network 18, and a workstation 19 (e.g., a desktop computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a laptop, etc.). Devices 13a and 13b are interconnected by connections 15 (displayed as solid lines on
According to an exemplary embodiment, devices 13a and 13b of
Still referring to
Referring generally to
Referring now to
Some of BAS devices 452 may be BAS sensors disposed within and/or around building area 12 and that are configured to sense various conditions or variables of building area 12. BAS sensors may be temperature sensors, humidity sensors, air quality sensors, equipment sensors, person sensors, lighting sensors, heat transferring object sensors, infrared sensors, and/or any other type of sensor that may be configured to sense an BAS related condition or variable relating to building area 12. BAS sensors may be disposed on the walls of building area 12, installed within a dropped ceiling, or positioned in any manner or location within building area 12. BAS sensors may have any number of user interface and/or communications features configured to facilitate operation of the BAS sensors or a BAS control system.
Building area 12 may include or be occupied with various people 406 or other assets. People 406 and assets may be mobile (e.g., the location of the people and assets may routinely change) or stationary (e.g., fixed). For example, mobile equipment 17 (e.g., a laptop) can move in, around, and out of building areas such as building area 12.
NOI 450 may be a new node or new BAS device introduced into building area 12. NOI 450 may seek to be added to the wireless network formed by BAS devices 452, and may wirelessly communicate with one or more of BAS devices 452. NOI 450 may provide data to supervisory controller 102 via BAS devices 452 or directly.
Referring now to
NOI 450 is shown to be in wireless communication with BAS devices 452. NOI 450 may be a BAS device such as a sensor, a network device, a router, an a mobile node associated with a person (e.g., cellular phone, laptop, PDA, pager, key fob, RFID tag), or otherwise. NOI 450 can include a processing circuit including, e.g., a transceiver, a processor, and memory configured to conduct its normal operations (e.g., network operations, BAS operations) and/or to conduct wireless communications characteristics measuring (e.g., sensing, calculating, estimating, etc.) operations. The processing circuit can be configured to measure in parallel with the normal operations and/or to switch between normal operations and measuring operations. Further, normal communications between NOI 450 and BAS devices 452 can be tracked and used to extract wireless communications characteristics from the tracked communications. For example, signal strength records relating to communications (e.g., one or more sets of packets) can be stored in memory of NOI 450 and processed to obtain an aggregate measure of signal strength (e.g., an average signal strength, a range of signal strengths, etc.). NOI 450 can also be configured to sort signal strength records for BAS devices 452, to sort BAS devices 452, and/or to categorize BAS devices 452 into different signal strength categories (e.g., 100-91% average signal strength, 90-81% signal strength, etc.). Any calculation, sorting, or historical data obtained by NOI 450 can be provided to other BAS devices and/or supervisory controller 102. For example, signal strength measurements taken by NOI 450 to various neighboring BAS devices 452 may be sent to supervisory controller 102.
Referring further to
Referring now to
Referring generally to
Referring to
Systems as those described in
Referring now to
Many different methods for determining location can be used. For example, if the devices having known locations densely populate an area, a quick determination can be made that a new device is within a certain radius (or other measure of proximity) of a nearby device sensing the new device. If multiple devices sense the new device, a sort routine can be used by a location engine to estimate the device nearest the new device and the new device can be associated with a space relating to the estimated nearest device. Yet further, methods for determining the location of a device using wireless devices in the space can range from a triangulation method, a multilateration method, a hyperbolic positioning method, a processes based on the time difference of arrival (TDOA), a trilateration method, a process based on differences or absolute measurements of time-of-transmission from three or more devices, a process involving phase of the radio signals to determine an angular component, a process involving signal strength measurements, and/or any other suitable radiolocation method. While many of the embodiments described herein utilize two or more BAS devices to locate a NOI, in other embodiments, one BAS device may be used for locating the NOI.
Referring now to
Referring to
RFLS system 600 is shown to include server 610. Server 610 may include a location engine 612 configured to determine the location of various objects in the building area associated with RFLS system 600. According to another exemplary embodiment, location engine 612 may be located in any object, sensor, or device within RFLS 600 (e.g., supervisory controller 102, each of BAS devices 452, etc.). Location engine 612 receives data from the one or more objects of RFLS system 600 regarding wireless communications thereof and determine a location for one or more of the objects using one or more characteristics of the wireless communications and known locations for one or more reference objects (e.g., fixed object 604, supervisory controller 102, etc.).
RFLS system 600 may gather, calculate, and/or store location information for the various objects of system 600 and provide the location information to other systems. For example, location information may be provided to a security system 620. Security system 620 may be integrated with RFLS system 600 (e.g., the P2000 Security system made by Johnson Controls, Inc.) or may be a separate system configured to receive, recall, and/or use location information from RFLS system 600. By integrating RFLS system 600 with security system 620, one or more graphical user interfaces provided by security system 620 may be used as a positioning system to visually convey the location of people and/or assets on an electronic display.
Security system 620 may use location information to provide alarms or other warnings based on the location of people, assets, objects, sensors, or controllers of building area 12. For example, a person whose location information indicates the person is in an unauthorized area may trigger an alarm of security system 620. Additionally, user interfaces 630 may be provided to display location information of people or devices relative to a building floor plan (e.g., floor plan 700 of
According to one exemplary embodiment, security system 620 may be integrated with various other systems. For example, an asset management system and human resources system may be integrated with security system 620. If a detected wireless device is associated with a piece of equipment (e.g., a laptop, a projector system, etc.), data may be recorded in the asset management system; if the portable wireless device is associated with a person, data may be recorded in the human resources system.
Location information may additionally be provided to various systems of BAS 100. BAS 100 may be coupled to user interfaces 632 for providing a visual representation of object location in the building area. BAS 100 can be configured to benefit from the wireless detection of device location relative to a building space (e.g., relative to floor plan coordinates). For example, BAS devices having their own location engines (e.g., powered by a CC2431 location engine provided by Texas Instruments) can also include a processing circuitry configured to automatically configure the device based on the determined location. Server 610 or supervisory controller 102 can be configured to assist or control an automatic configuration process of a BAS device for which its location has been determined. For example, server 610 can be configured to understand that devices in a common room should form a common control HVAC control loop. If a temperature sensor is introduced to an area and determines it is within the area based on wireless communications with other BAS devices, the supervisory controller can enroll the temperature sensor as a device configured to provide feedback information to an HVAC control loop for the area. This enrollment may include naming the temperature sensor in an equipment or BAS system database, relating the temperature sensor to a field controller, actuator controller, or other control loop, and/or sending communication instructions or other configuration information to the temperature sensor. For example, a supervisory controller might command a temperature sensor to name itself “First Floor Library Temperature Sensor [unique ID]” and to format the temperature sensor's messages for the first floor library's field controller.
Location information may further be provided to commissioning tool 622. Commissioning tool 622 may be coupled to user interfaces 634 for providing a visual representation of object location in the building area via a graphical user interface shown on an electronic display. For example, commissioning tool 622 can be executed on a portable laptop (e.g., having a transceiver or dongle configured to communicate with RFLS 600) to generate the user interface shown in
Referring to
User interface 630 may include various features associated with security system 620 and location engine 462. For example, user interface 630 includes view control 702 that allows the user to view only some devices or portions of floor plans. Zoom control 704 can control the display of floor plan 700. User interface 630 further includes a refresh control 706 that allows a user to specify how often to refresh floor plan 700. For example, floor plan 700 may refresh every fifteen minutes and refresh the current location of all nodes (e.g., between time intervals, some nodes may move, and the movement may be tracked when floor plan 700 is refreshed).
User interface 630 may include a signal strength legend 708 that allows a user to understand the signal strength estimated to be in various areas of building areas 502, 504. In the example shown in
Referring to
Process 800 yet further includes the step of gathering location information (step 806). Location information can be retrieved from a database, received with wireless information from each of the nearby wireless devices, retrieved from a supervisory controller, or otherwise. Location information can be normalized location information (e.g., x-y information relating to floor plan data), geographical location information (e.g., according to a GPS coordinate system), or can be formatted in any other way that can describe physical geolocation/building information.
Using the obtained wireless communications characteristic and location information of other devices, the location of the NOI may be calculated by a processing circuit of the NOI (step 808) or by a processing circuit of another device (e.g., a supervisory controller, an ADS, an enterprise controller, etc.). The location of the NOI may be stored or displayed in a variety of manners (step 810). The determined location may be stored in a memory unit of the NOI or another device (e.g., a supervisory controller, an enterprise server, etc.), displayed on an electronic display system communicably coupled to an ADS, or both.
Referring also to
Wireless communications characteristics and location information may be provided to the supervisory controller (or other component with a location engine) from various sources (e.g., the NOI, one or more databases of the BAS, etc.) for calculation (step 860). The location engine of the supervisory controller may use the received data to calculate the location of the NOI (step 862).
Referring to
Referring to
Node conditions or node attributes may be checked against the associations (step 1008). For example, node attributes regarding the location of the node may be checked against a stored association regarding the desired location for the node. Stored associations may additionally include permission data (e.g., if the node is not allowed in a particular area), object properties (e.g., if an object must be kept at a certain temperature or configuration, etc.), or any other data regarding the performance or condition of the node.
A determination as to if a proper association exists is made (step 1010). For example, a person located in an area where the person is not allowed to be may generate an alarm. A security system (or other system) may generate an alarm if warranted (step 1012) and exit the system (step 1014). The alarm can be a message for a user of the building area such as an e-mail or text message, according to an exemplary embodiment. The alarm may be generated when a proper association cannot be made, according to an exemplary embodiment.
While the exemplary embodiments illustrated in the figures and described herein are presently preferred, it should be understood that the embodiments are offered by way of example only. Accordingly, the present application is not limited to a particular embodiment, but extends to various modifications that nevertheless fall within the scope of the appended claims.
The present disclosure contemplates methods, systems and program products on any machine-readable media for accomplishing various operations. The embodiments of the present disclosure may be implemented using existing computer processors, or by a special purpose computer processor for an appropriate system, incorporated for this or another purpose, or by a hardwired system.
The construction and arrangement of the systems and methods as shown in the various exemplary embodiments are illustrative only. Although only a few embodiments have been described in detail in this disclosure, many modifications are possible (e.g., variations in sizes, dimensions, structures, shapes and proportions of the various elements, values of parameters, mounting arrangements, use of materials, colors, orientations, etc.). For example, the position of elements may be reversed or otherwise varied and the nature or number of discrete elements or positions may be altered or varied. Accordingly, all such modifications are intended to be included within the scope of the present disclosure. The order or sequence of any process or method steps may be varied or re-sequenced according to alternative embodiments. Other substitutions, modifications, changes, and omissions may be made in the design, operating conditions and arrangement of the exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the present disclosure.
Embodiments within the scope of the present disclosure include program products comprising machine-readable media for carrying or having machine-executable instructions or data structures stored thereon. Such machine-readable media can be any available media that can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. By way of example, such machine-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM, CD-ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium which can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of machine-executable instructions or data structures and which can be accessed by a general purpose or special purpose computer or other machine with a processor. When information is transferred or provided over a network or another communications connection (either hardwired, wireless, or a combination of hardwired or wireless) to a machine, the machine properly views the connection as a machine-readable medium. Thus, any such connection is properly termed a machine-readable medium. Combinations of the above are also included within the scope of machine-readable media. Machine-executable instructions include, for example, instructions and data which cause a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, or special purpose processing machines to perform a certain function or group of functions. Further machine-executable instructions for completing and/or facilitating the various activities described herein can be downloaded from, retrieved from, and/or executed on a remote server via a wired or wireless connection.
Although the figures may show a specific order of method steps, the order of the steps may differ from what is depicted. Also two or more steps may be performed concurrently or with partial concurrence. Such variation will depend on the software and hardware systems chosen and on designer choice. All such variations are within the scope of the disclosure. Likewise, software implementations could be accomplished with standard programming techniques with rule based logic and other logic to accomplish the various connection steps, processing steps, comparison steps and decision steps.
Claims
1. A method for determining the location of a first device, the method comprising:
- using the first device for wireless communications with a first building automation system (BAS) device;
- gathering a first wireless communications characteristic of the wireless communications between the first device and the first BAS device;
- using a processing circuit to determine the location of the first device using the first wireless communications characteristic; and
- storing the determined location in a memory unit and/or displaying the determined location on an electronic display system.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a BAS device.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein the first device is a sensor and the first BAS device is a routing node configured to route data for the BAS.
4. The method of claim 1, further comprising:
- gathering a second wireless communications characteristic of the wireless communications between and the first device and the second BAS device;
- wherein the processing circuit uses the first wireless communications characteristic and the second wireless communications characteristic to determine the location of the first device.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein an absolute position of the first BAS device is stored in a memory system, wherein a position of the second BAS device relative to the first BAS device is stored in the memory system, and wherein the location of the first device determined by the processing circuit is a position relative to the first BAS device.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein the processing circuit determines the location of the first device using at least one of a proximity calculation, a triangulation calculation, a multilateration method, and a trilateration method.
7. The method of claim 1, wherein the wireless communications characteristic is at least one of signal strength, phase angle, transmission time, and time difference of arrival.
8. The method of claim 1, wherein the step of determining the location of the first device comprises recalling pre-stored location information for the first BAS device and the second BAS device from the memory unit.
9. The method of claim 1, wherein storing the location information in the memory unit includes storing a normalized coordinate in a database, and wherein displaying the determined location on an electronic display system includes displaying a graphical user interface having device locations shown overlaying a graphical representation of a floor plan.
10. A system for determining the location of a first device based on the location of a first BAS device that is part of a building automation system, the system for determining location comprising:
- a processing circuit configured to gather a wireless communications characteristic of wireless communications between the first device and the first BAS device, the processing circuit determining the location of the first device using the wireless communication characteristic, the processing circuit storing the determined location in a memory unit and/or displaying the determined location on an electronic display system.
11. The system of claim 10, wherein the first device is at least one of a routing node configured to route data for the BAS, a temperature sensor, a humidity sensor, an end node, an HVAC device, and a security device.
12. The system of claim 11, wherein the first device includes the processing circuit.
13. The system of claim 11, wherein the first BAS device is at least one of a supervisory controller, a sensor, and an actuator, and wherein the first BAS device includes the processing circuit.
14. The system of claim 11, wherein the first and second BAS devices are configured to wirelessly route BAS information to a supervisory node.
15. The system of claim 11, wherein the wireless communications are conducted via at least one of an IEEE 802.15 protocol, an IEEE 802.11 protocol, a ZigBee protocol, a Bluetooth protocol, and a WiMax protocol.
16. The system of claim 11, wherein the first device includes the processing circuit and wherein the processing circuit configures the first device for a BAS activity based on the determined location.
17. The system of claim 16, wherein the BAS activity is a control activity and wherein the first device associates itself with one of a building area and a building control loop based on the determined location.
18. The system of claim 10, wherein the processing circuit is further configured to gather a second wireless communication characteristic of communications between the first device and a second BAS device, wherein the processing circuit is configured to determine the location of the first device the wireless communication characteristic, the second wireless communication characteristic, and using one of a triangulation calculation, a multilateration method, and a trilateration method; and
- wherein the wireless communications characteristic is at least one of signal strength, phase angle, transmission time, and time difference of arrival.
19. A method for determining the location of a device of interest using BAS devices, the method comprising:
- gathering a wireless communications characteristic of communications between the device of interest and the BAS devices; and
- using a processing circuit to determine the location of the device of interest using the gathered wireless communications characteristics and location information regarding the BAS devices.
20. The method of claim 19, further comprising:
- associating the device of interest with a BAS control loop and configuring the device of interest based on the determined location; and
- storing the determined location in memory with location information for the BAS devices.
Type: Application
Filed: Jul 28, 2008
Publication Date: Feb 19, 2009
Applicant:
Inventors: Scott T. Holland (Brookfield, WI), Jerald P. Martocci (Greenfield, WI), John T. Fenske (Whitefish Bay, WI)
Application Number: 12/181,265
International Classification: G08B 25/00 (20060101); H04B 7/00 (20060101); H04W 84/12 (20090101);