Method for producing cylinder head and cylinder head
A core portion (47) that is used to hold an upper water jacket-forming core (45) and a lower water jacket-forming core (46) with a predetermined distance maintained therebetween includes holding core portions (48) and distance maintaining core portions (50). The upper water jacket-forming core (45) and the lower water jacket-forming core (46) are split from each other at the holding core portions (48). Communication passages that provide communication between an upper water jacket and a lower water jacket are formed by the distance maintaining core portions (50).
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This application is a national phase application of International Application No. PCT/IB2007/001368, filed Mar. 13, 2007, and claims the priority of Japanese Application No. 2006-070721, filed Mar. 15, 2006, the contents of both of which are incorporated herein by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION1. Field of the Invention
The invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head, and a cylinder head produced according to the method.
2. Description of the Related Art
Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 1-182560 (JP-A-1-182560) describes an internal combustion engine including a cylinder head in which a two-tiered water jacket is formed. However, this publication provides no description concerning the method for producing such cylinder head.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTIONThe invention provides a method for producing a cylinder head having a two-tiered water jacket formed therein, and a cylinder head produced according to the method.
A first aspect of the invention relates to a method for producing a cylinder head. According to the method, exhaust port-forming cores are arranged between an upper water jacket-forming core and a lower water jacket-forming core, by using a core which is used to form a two-tiered water jacket within a cylinder head. The core includes the upper water jacket-forming core; the lower water jacket-forming core; and a core portion used to hold the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket forming core with a predetermined distance maintained therebetween. The core portion includes holding core portions and distance maintaining core portions that connect the end portions of the respective holding core portions to the side end portion of the upper water jacket-forming core and the side end portion of the lower water jacket-forming core. The core is split into two portions at the holding core portions. After arranging the exhaust port-forming cores between the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket-forming core, the cylinder head is molded by pouring molten material into a die used to form the cylinder head with two split portions of each holding core portion held adjacent to each other.
A second aspect of the invention relates to a cylinder head produced by the following method. According to the method, exhaust port-forming cores are arranged between an upper water jacket-forming core and a lower water jacket-forming core, by using a core which is used to form a two-tiered water jacket within a cylinder head. The core includes the upper water jacket-forming core; the lower water jacket-forming core; and a core portion used to hold the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket forming core with a predetermined distance maintained therebetween. The core portion includes holding core portions and distance maintaining core portions that connect the end portions of the respective holding core portions to the side end portion of the upper water jacket-forming core and the side end portion of the lower water jacket-forming core. The core is split into two portions at the holding core portions. After arranging the exhaust port-forming cores between the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket-forming core, the cylinder head is molded by pouring molten material into a die used to form the cylinder head with two split portions of each holding core portion held adjacent to each other.
According to a third aspect, in the second aspect of the invention, the cylinder head has an upper water jacket formed by the upper water jacket-forming core, a lower water jacket formed by the lower water jacket-forming core, and communication passages that are formed by the distance maintaining core portions and that provide communication between the upper water jacket and the lower water jacket.
The communication passages that provide communication between the upper water jacket and the lower water jacket are formed by the distance maintaining core portions included in the core portion used to hold the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket forming core.
The foregoing and further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein like numerals are used to represent like elements and wherein:
The alignment of exhaust ports formed in a cylinder head produced by a method according to an embodiment of the invention will first be described.
The cylinder head 1 actually has a coolant passage that extends along a complex path, a portion at which a valve mechanism is supported, a portion in which a spark plug is inserted, a portion in which a fuel injection valve is inserted, etc. formed therein. However, these passage and portions are omitted from
The cylinder head 1 has side wall faces 4 and 5 that are formed on the opposite sides of the plane including the axes of the cylinders #1, #2, #3 and #4. The side wall faces 4 and 5 extend substantially parallel to this plane. Intake ports 6 of the cylinders #1, #2, #3 and #4 formed within the cylinder head 1 open on the side wall face 4.
Formed within the cylinder head 1 are: an exhaust port 7 of the first cylinder #1, an exhaust port 8 of the second cylinder #2, an exhaust port 9 of the third cylinder #3, and an exhaust port 10 of the fourth cylinder #4. As shown in
As shown in
The exhaust ports of the paired end cylinders, namely, the exhaust port 7 of the first cylinder #1 and the exhaust port 10 of the fourth cylinder #4 are also arranged symmetrically with respect to the symmetry face K-K. The exhaust port 7 of the first cylinder #1 extends from the first cylinder #1 toward the joint exhaust port 11. Then, on one side of the joint exhaust port 11, the exhaust port 7 extends along the joint exhaust port 1 to the side wall face 5 of the cylinder head 1 while the exhaust port 7 and the joint exhaust port 11 are separated from each other by a thin wall 12. Similarly, the exhaust port 10 of the fourth cylinder #4 extends from the fourth cylinder #4 toward the joint exhaust port 11. Then, on the other side of the joint exhaust port 11, the exhaust port 10 extends along the joint exhaust port 11 to the side wall face 5 of the cylinder head 1 while the exhaust port 10 and the joint exhaust port 11 are separated from each other by a thin wall 13.
As shown in
In the embodiment of the invention, the firing order of the cylinders in the internal combustion engine is #1→#3→#4→#2 or #1→#2→#4→#3. In either of these orders, a pair of the cylinders in which the respective power strokes take place with one intervening power stroke therebetween is a pair of the middle cylinders, namely, the second cylinder #2 and the third cylinder #3 (an intervening power stroke takes place between the power strokes of the second cylinder #2 and the third cylinder #3). Another pair of such cylinders is a pair of the end cylinders, namely, the first cylinder #1 and the fourth cylinder #4 (an intervening power stroke takes place between the power strokes of the first cylinder #1 and the fourth cylinder #4). In this case, if all the exhaust ports are joined together within the cylinder head 1, positive pressure produced in the exhaust port of one cylinder during the exhaust stroke is applied to the exhaust port of another cylinder, where the power stroke subsequently takes place, during the exhaust stroke. This hampers a smooth discharge of the burned gas from a combustion chamber.
In contrast, according to the embodiment of the invention, the exhaust ports of only the cylinders, in which the respective power strokes take place with one intervening power stroke therebetween, are joined together, namely, the exhaust port 8 of the second cylinder #2 and the exhaust port 9 of the third cylinder #3 are joined together, and the exhaust port 7 of the first cylinder #1 and the exhaust port 10 of the fourth cylinder #4 are joined together. With this structure, while exhaust gas is discharged through the exhaust port of one cylinder during the exhaust stroke, positive pressure produced in the exhaust port of another cylinder is not applied to the exhaust port of the one cylinder. As a result, the burned gas is smoothly discharged from the combustion chamber. Namely, interference of the exhaust gas discharged from the different exhaust ports is prevented, which makes it possible to discharge the exhaust gas with high degree of efficiency.
The exhaust gas flows through the opening 14 of the joint exhaust port 11 during only the exhaust stroke of every other cylinder, instead of during the exhaust strokes of all the cylinders. This prevents overheating around the opening 14. In addition, the exhaust gas flows through the opening 15 of the first cylinder #1 and the opening 16 of the fourth cylinder #4 only once in one cycle of the corresponding cylinders #1 and #4. Because of this configuration, there is a little chance of overheating around the openings 15 and 16.
The distance from the valve port 3 to the opening 15 and the distance from the valve port 3 to the opening 16, that is, the passage lengths of the exhaust ports 7 and 10 are longer than the passage lengths of the exhaust ports 8 and 9, respectively. Accordingly, the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust ports 7 and 10 decreases by a larger amount than the temperature of the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust port 11. Therefore, the thin wall 12 formed between the joint exhaust port 11 and the exhaust port 7 and the thin wall 13 formed between the joint exhaust port 11 and the exhaust port 10 are cooled by the exhaust gas flowing through the exhaust port 7 and the exhaust port 10, respectively. This prevents overheating around the opening 14 of the joint exhaust port 11 further reliably.
Because such communication passage 32 is formed, the air bubbles contained in the coolant in the lower water jacket 31 are guided into the upper water jacket 30, and then discharged to the outside of the cylinder head 1. Accordingly, even if the lower water jacket 31 is tilted, the air does not remain in the exhaust-port-side end portion of the lower water jacket 31. Thus, it is possible to prevent reduction in the cooling efficiency at which the coolant in the water jacket 31 cools the exhaust ports 7, 8, 9 and 10.
Next, a method for producing the cylinder head 1 shown in
The structure of the cores used to form the two-tiered water jacket, namely, the upper water jacket 30 and the lower water jacket 31, within the cylinder head 1 according to the embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to
The surfaces at which the holding core portions 48 and 49 are each split into two portions extend, in the axial direction of the core portions 48 and 49, at the vertical center of the holding core portions 48 and 49, respectively, as shown by the reference numerals 52. Accordingly, as shown in
When the cylinder head 1 is molded, as shown in
In this manner, the upper water jacket 30 is formed by the upper water jacket-forming core 45, the lower water jacket 31 is formed by the lower water jacket-forming core 46, and the communication passage 32 that provides communication between the upper water jacket 30 and the lower water jacket 31 is formed by the distance maintaining core portions 50 and 51.
After molding of the cylinder head 1 is completed, the core sand is removed. Then, a passage portion 33 that extends from the communication passage 32 to the side wall face 5 of the cylinder head 1 formed by the holding core portion 48 is obtained. An annular groove is formed at the end of the portion that defines the passage portion 33, on the side of the cylinder head side wall face 5, through a machining process. A cap 34 is fitted in the annular groove, and the end of the passage portion 33, on the side of the cylinder head side wall face 5, is closed by the cap 34.
As shown in
With the structure in which the communication passage 32 is formed on each side of the region R, at the position adjacent to the region R, the portion at which the exhaust ports 7, 8, 9 and 10 are gathered is appropriately cooled.
In this case, as shown in
When the internal combustion engine stops, the coolant in the water jacket 63 stops flowing. As a result, the temperature of the coolant in the water jacket 63 increases, and steam is generated. Immediately after being generated, the steam is discharged into the water jacket 30 through the coolant passage 65. Thus, the coolant having a low temperature flows around the bearing 62. As a result, overheating of the bearing 62 is suppressed.
Claims
1. A method for producing a cylinder head, comprising:
- providing a core which includes:
- an upper water jacket-forming core which is used to form an upper water jacket within a cylinder head;
- a lower water jacket-forming core which is used to form a lower water jacket within the cylinder head; and
- a core portion including a holding core portion and a distance maintaining core portion which is used to hold the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket forming core with a predetermined distance maintained between the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket forming core, said core portion connects an end portion of the holding core portion to a side end portion of the upper water jacket-forming core and a side end portion of the lower water jacket-forming core, and the core portion being split into two portions at the holding core portion;
- arranging an exhaust port-forming core between the upper water jacket-forming core and the lower water jacket-forming core using the core portion; and
- molding the cylinder head by pouring molten material into a die used to form the cylinder head with two split portions of the holding core portion held adjacent to each other.
2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the holding core portion that is split into the two split portions is held by a side wall of the die used to form the cylinder head.
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Type: Grant
Filed: Mar 13, 2007
Date of Patent: Jun 5, 2012
Patent Publication Number: 20090165298
Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota-shi, Aichi-ken)
Inventor: Hiroki Nagafuchi (Susono)
Primary Examiner: Alexander P Taousakis
Attorney: Finnegan, Henderson, Farabow, Garrett & Dunner, LLP
Application Number: 12/282,946
International Classification: B21B 1/46 (20060101); B23P 11/00 (20060101);