Abstract: Process for the preparation of cyclopentadecanolide comprising the steps of converting 13-oxa-bicyclo [10.4.0]-hexadecene-[1(12)] to a lactone of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is an oxygen atom, .dbd.NOH or .dbd.N--NH.sub.2,reducing said lactone to give 15-hydroxy-pentadecanecarboxylic acid and cyclising said acid to give cyclopentadecanolide.

Abstract: 3-[4-(Disubstituted-amino)phenyl] or (9-julolidinyl)-3-(diphenylamino)phthalides useful as color formers in pressure-sensitive and thermal marking systems are prepared by reaction of 2-[4-(disubstituted-amino)benzoyl] or (9-julolidinyl-carbonyl)benzoic acids with diphenylamines.

Abstract: 2-Decarboxy-2-hydroxymethyl-5,6-dihydro-prostacyclin analogs (PGI.sub.1 derivatives) illustrated by a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein .about. indicates alpha or beta configuration, and the processes for producing them, said analogs having pharmacological utility.

Abstract: In one embodiment, this application is directed to an improved method of synthesizing certain bis-pyrazolone oxonol compounds useful as antihalation dyes in photography which method comprises synthesizing a pyrazolone ethyl ester by reacting a p-N-alkylsulfonamidophenylhydrazine or its hydrochloride and sodium diethyl oxalacetate, hydrolyzing the pyrazolone ethyl ester thus formed to give the corresponding pyrazolonecarboxylic acid, esterifying the pyrazolonecarboxylic acid with a glycol to give the corresponding pyrazolone hydroxyalkyl ester and condensing said pyrazolone hydroxyalkyl ester with an aldehyde dianil hydrochloride to yield the dye product.

Abstract: Pyrazoline compounds of the formula (I): ##STR1## in which each of B.sup.1 to B.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or hydroxy;R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.5, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7 independently of one another are hydrogen, chloro, bromo, fluoro, methyl, ethyl, methoxy or ethoxy;R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl, benzyl, phenylethyl or also phenyl optionally bearing chloro, bromo, methyl, ethyl, methoxy, ethoxy, cyano, dialkylamino or SO.sub.3 H as a substituent;X is --O--, --S--, --NR.sup.8 --, --NR.sup.8 CO--, --NR.sup.8 --SO.sub.2 --, --OSO.sub.3 -- or --SO.sub.3 --;R.sup.8 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkyl bearing hydroxy or C.sub.1 to C.sub.4 alkoxy as a substituent;A is hydrogen, sodium, potassium, unsubstituted or substituted ammonium, unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or aryl; and--NR.sup.8 -- and A together may be an optionally quaternized saturated or unsaturated heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: 2,4-Dioxo-oxazolidines are manufactured by reacting aromatic amines with .alpha.-hydroxycarboxylic acid of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 have the above meanings, Hal is halogen, preferably chlorine, and R.sup.4 is alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of a base, preferably at 20-120.degree. C.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (II): ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen, is useful for its antibacterial activity and as a synergist for penicillins and cephalosporins.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis-benzotriazole compounds which have been found to be effective ultraviolet stabilizers. The invention also relates to ultraviolet degradable organic compositions containing a stabilizing amount of the bis-benzotriazole compounds to prevent such degradation. These stabilizing compounds are effective in the presence of other additives commonly employed in polymeric compositions including, for example, pigments, colorants, fillers, reinforcing agents and the like. These ultraviolet stabilizers may also be incorporated into the organic compositions in the polymer melt or dissolved in the polymer dope, coated on the exterior of the molded article, film or extruded fiber.

Abstract: A process for acylating pyrrole compounds comprising reacting an aroyl halide with the pyrrole compound in the presence of an alkyl aluminum halide. Such acylated pyrrole derivatives are useful as intermediates for the preparation of anti-inflammatory agents and as synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: The alpha- and beta-sulfolenes can be converted to a mixture of the two and deuterated in the presence of cyanide ions.

Abstract: Acylamino heteroaryl compounds in which the heteroaryl nucleus is a 5-membered ring containing a single heteroatom, which may be oxygen, or sulphur, methods of making the compounds and pharmaceutical formulations containing the compounds. The compounds have anti-allergy activity.

Abstract: A pressure- or heat-sensitive recording material which contains as color former at least one 2,2-diarylchromeno compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein V.sub.1 and V.sub.2, each independently of the other, represent hydrogen, halogen, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy,Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2, each independently of the other, represent hydrogen, --O--R.sub.1 or ##STR2## X.sub.1 and X.sub.2, each independently of the other, represent hydrogen, alkyl of up to 12 carbon atoms which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, or represent benzyl, phenyl, or benzyl or phenyl which is substituted by halogen, nitro, lower alkyl, lower alkoxy or the amino group ##STR3## and the ring A is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, nitro, lower alkyl, --O--R.sub.5 or ##STR4## or contains a fused benzene ring, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar represents optionally substituted 1,2-phenylene, X.sub.1 represents oxygen or sulphur, R.sub.1 represents the radical of the formula ##STR2## in which Ph represents optionally substituted phenylene, X.sub.2 represents oxygen or sulphur, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 independently of one another denote hydrogen or alkyl and R.sub.5 represents optionally etherified hydroxyl or optionally substituted amino and in which R.sub.2 denotes hydrogen, lower alkyl or the radical of the formula Ia and one of the groups R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 takes up the 2-position and the other takes up the 3-position, and salts of such compounds having salt-forming groups, e.g. ethyl 2-[4-(2-benzofuranyl)-phenoxy]-heptanoate. These compounds may be used as fibrinolytic and thrombolytic agents.

Abstract: A crystalline vanadium (IV) phosphate composition having an intrinsic surface area in excess of 10 square meters per gram is prepared by the reaction of orthophosphoric acid with a vanadium (IV) oxycompound. The vanadium compound is suspended in a suitable hydroxylic organic medium, for example isobutanol, and contacted with the acid at a temperature in the range 20.degree. C. to 210.degree. C. until the conversion is completed. The catalyst is used in the oxidation of n-butane to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: New 7-oxabicycloheptane compounds which have the general formula ##STR1## wherein each R is independently hydrogen or hydroxy, at least one R being hydroxy; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.3 is ##STR2## are useful as cardiovascular agents.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of furancarboxylic acid anilides of the general formula ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents an aryl group or an alkyl group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 each represent an alkyl group or hydrogen, by a ring-closure reaction of a .beta.-ketoester with an .alpha.-haloaldehyde or .alpha.-haloketone, in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of a halide-binding substance to form a furancarboxylic acid ester, and by subsequent anilidation, the reaction being performed in two stages, the ring-closure reaction being carried out in the presence of a mixture of alkaline earth metal carbonates and pyridine in a ratio of from 1000 to 5:1 Val, based on the hydrohalic acid liberated, at temperatures between 50.degree. and 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Disperse dyes of the formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl or hydrogen, R' represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or phenyl, and R" represents a radical of the formulae --NR'"R"" or --OX, wherein X represents substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, aralkyl or phenyl and R"' and R"" each represent hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl radicals which, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, are also able to form a 5- or 6-membered ring, and n is 1 or 2. The new dyestuffs give fast blue shades on polyester fabric.

Abstract: Organotin derivatives of mercaptoalcohol esters that correspond to the general formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are hydrocarbon and m is 2 or 3, are prepared by sequentially reacting a monoorganotin trihalide with stoichiometric amounts of a base, a mercaptoalcohol, an alkali metal sulfide or disulfide and a carboxylic acid or an ester thereof. The present method offers advantages over the prior art, which teaches reacting an esterified mercaptoalcohol with an organotin halide, oxide or organostannoic acid. Compounds wherein R' is n-heptyl are unique in that they do not exhibit the disagreeable odor that characterizes this class of compounds.

Abstract: A Te(II) complex represented by the formula: RTeM(R').sub.3 wherein M is lead, tin, germanium or silicon; R and R' are alkyl or aryl is useful in an imaging material to provide a non-silver image. The imaging material can be a photographic material, especially a heat-developable photographic material containing, for example, a photosensitive metal salt other than the Te(II) material or other sources of developable nuclei.

Abstract: Novel Group IB and IIB metal phosphine complexes are disclosed. These complexes are reacted with rhodium complex precursors to form useful enantioselective hydrogenation catalysts. Also disclosed is a method of preparing useful compounds having optical activity such as natural products and compounds useful as flavors and fragrances.

Abstract: Catalytic aromatic carbonate process which comprises contacting a phenol, carbon monoxide, an oxidant, a base, and a Group VIIIB element selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, osmium, iridium or platinum. The resulting aromatic mono- and polycarbonates are useful in the preparation of polycarbonates or as polycarbonates, per se, respectfully, which can be molded or formed into films, sheets, fibers, laminates or reinforced plastics by conventional techniques.

Abstract: Novel 2-(2-cyanoethylidene)-bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-enes and hydrogenated derivatives thereof, their utility as olfactory agents, and perfume compositions containing them.

Abstract: Process for the resolution of certain racemic .alpha.-aminonitriles into optically active enantiomers which includes treating the racemic .alpha.-aminonitriles with (-)-mandelic acid in an alkanol/C.sub.5-8 hydrocarbon mixture to obtain a racemic mixture of diastereoisomeric D and L salts of (-)-mandelic acid, macerating the salts with an alkanol/C.sub.5-8 hydrocarbon mixture; neutralizing the L-form; extracting the neutralized product; and converting it into a stable form.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds characterized by the presence of N-methyl, or substituted methyl, phosphonic acid and N-hydroxy-propylenesulfonic acid groups. These compounds contain at least one or more of each group and are bonded to the same or different amino groups. They are derived by reacting an amine with both (1) an epihalohydrin-bisulfite addition product and (2) with a carbonyl compound, such as formaldehyde, and phosphorous acid or its equivalent.They have a wide variety of uses, for example as scale and corrosion inhibitors, iron oxide removers, chelating agents, etc.

Abstract: Ester and amides having the formula ##STR1## wherein R, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently lower alkyl or cycloalkyl groups, R.sup.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylene, phenyl, phenyl substituted by alkyl groups, alkylthioethyl, thiobis-alkylene, alkyleneoxyalkylene, polyoxyalkylene or a polyvalent cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon radical, R.sup.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, R.sup.5 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted by alkyl groups, alkylene, a polyvalent cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon radical or alkyleneoxyalkylene, A is lower alkylene, m is 1 to 4 and n is 1 to 6.The compounds are useful as stabilizers of organic materials, especially polyolefins, which deteriorate upon exposure to light and heat.

Abstract: Novel 9-substituted phenyl-3,7-dimethyl-nona-2,4,6,8-tetraene derivatives useful as anti-tumor agents.

Abstract: Preparation of a nitrodiarylamine from a nitrohaloarene and alkali metal salt of the formyl derivative of a primary aromatic amine is disclosed.

Abstract: Promoting the reaction of sodium salts of formyl derivatives of aromatic amines by compounds of potassium, cesium or rubidium to form nitrodiarylamines is disclosed.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel aromatic, sulfur-containing triamines of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are each alkyl containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms and Y is ##STR2## The present compounds are useful crosslinking agents that significantly decrease the curing time of elastomeric urethane/urea copolymers.

Abstract: The compounds represented by the structural formula ##STR1## wherein A, B and C each independently represent hydrogen or lower alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, provided that the sum of the carbon atoms in A, B and C is no more than 5,R.sup.1 represents alkyl having from 1 to 4 carbons,have been found to be particularly useful in compositions and methods for counteracting malodors. Novel compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Perfluorination of 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane by direct fluorination with F.sub.2 or like reagents at low temperature, using inert gaseous diluents, yields a mixture of perfluoro 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane and 3-hydro-nonadecafluoro 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane together with lesser amounts of 3,3-dihydro-octadecafluoro 2,2,4,4-tetramethylpentane. The perfluoro and nonadecafluoro-tetramethylpentane mixture is useful in synthetic blood substitute compositions.

Abstract: Process is provided for isothermal chlorination of certain hydrocarbons wherein a gas containing the selected hydrocarbon is passed to a first elongated reaction zone, and a gas containing chlorine is passed into a second elongated gas zone positioned along said first zone, said first and second zones being separated by a porous member. The pressure of gases within the second zone is maintained in excess of the pressure in the first zone for diffusion of chlorine through the porous member into the first zone, which is maintained under conditions sufficient to effect reaction therein of at least a portion of diffused chlorine with the hydrocarbon for production of the desired chlorinated hydrocarbon. The reaction product containing the desired chlorinated hydrocarbon is discharged from the first zone.

Abstract: An organometallic halide having the formula:(RMX)(MX.sub.2).sub.a (MR.sub.2).sub.b (MH.sub.2).sub.cwherein a.ltoreq.0.45, b.ltoreq.0.15, and c.ltoreq.0.30, X is a halogen, R is a hydrocarbon radical, and M is a metal selected from the group consisting of magnesium, zinc, beryllium, and calcium is prepared by a continuous dry process by reacting an organic monohalide RX and a metal M in the form of convex solid grains of a size between 1 and 15 mm. The reaction temperature is lower than the temperature at which decomposition of the organometallic halide RMX begins and at least 10.degree. C. higher than the boiling point of the organic monohalide. The reaction may also take place in the presence of an organometallic derivative comprising a hydroxy group or an enolysable ketone group. The resulting organometallic halide may be used for the synthesis of anhydrous magnesium halide or for the reduction of titanium tetrachloride.

Abstract: Broadly, the present invention is directed to a process for preparing 1-methylnaphthalene and 2-methylnaphthalene wherein the process comprises reacting naphthalene and methanol in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures and optionally under pressure in the presence of an effective amount of activated alumina catalyst. In a preferred embodiment the invention is directed to a process for preparing 2-methylnaphthalene in high selectivity by reacting naphthalene and methanol in the vapor phase at elevated temperatures in the range of about 500.degree. to about 650.degree. C. in the presence of an effective amount of activated alumina catalyst.

Abstract: A graft copolymer of an episulfide and the reaction product of a polyalkylenimine and a lower ketone is water-soluble or water-dispersible. The copolymer is made by adding an episulfide to the polyalkylenimine dissolved in a lower ketone and heating below the boiling point of the solvent. The resulting graft copolymer is a corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: Radiation curable resins providing high cross-link density while maintaining relatively low viscosity result from the reaction of a polyepoxide and a monoester of a dicarboxylic acid and a di- or tri-acrylate of pentaerythritol.

Abstract: A primer composition comprises an oil-free saturated polyester resin, an aminoplast curing agent for the polyester, and a thermoplastic acrylic polymer. The primer is used as a bond coat to adhere an acrylic polymer dispersion topcoat to a metal base.

Abstract: Polymer blends having improved hydrolytic stability comprise, in admixture, (1) a linear aromatic polyester prepared from an aromatic dicarboxylic acid and a bisphenol, and (2) a cross-linked acrylate-methacrylate copolymer. The blends are useful in preparation of films and molded articles.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for the mass polymerization of solutions comprising monoalkenyl aromatic monomers and optionally monoalkenyl nitrile monomers having a diene rubber dissolved therein wherein the improvement comprises dissolving a minor amount of an organic diperoxide compound in said solution and mass polymerizing said solution, said diperoxide initiating a higher molecular weight polymer fraction providing said polymer with a broader molecular weight distribution.

Abstract: Limiting final conversion of monomer to polymer in a multiple stage, vinyl aromatic-rubber mass polymerization system to about 50 to about 89 percent produces a polymer with increased impact strength and decreases residence time, thereby increasing the production capacity of the system.

Abstract: A carbonator has a pressure vessel, a nozzle for introducing water and carbon dioxide into the vessel, a water level control including a reed switch and a magnetic float for sensing the level of water and operating the reed switch; a novel housing encloses the level control and provides a unidirectional fluidically affected delay in sensing and control response to a rising water level during filling of the carbonator; the housing has a water chamber which encloses the level sensing float, a water inlet into the water chamber near the level of a maximum desired water level in the vessel, a water outlet from the bottom of the water chamber, and a check valve in the water outlet for allowing flow of water out of the water chamber and for precluding flow of water into the water chamber from the water outlet.

Abstract: An apparatus is provided for causing circulation within a large body of fluid. The apparatus comprises a "large bubble" generator exposed to the pressure of the fluid at a predetermined level, a vertically extending standpipe, an inverted siphon between the standpipe and the generator, and a transverse connection between the standpipe and a vertically extending stackpipe. Upon generating a large gas bubble into the stackpipe, the gas acts as a piston within the stackpipe, pushing liquid upwardly therethrough, and thereby drawing liquid into the bottom. The continuous passage of such large bubbles through the stackpipe results in a current flow circulation through the large standing body of liquid.

Abstract: A carburetor for an internal combustion engine comprising a fuel chamber arranged in the mixing compartment of a suction tube and rotatable about the lower end of a fuel-infeed conduit secured in the mixing compartment by means of an impeller wheel rotatable in the sucked-up air current. The fuel chamber possesses at least one lateral nozzle for the delivery of fuel into the mixing compartment. A ring-shaped gap is provided in the fuel chamber between its inner wall and the stationary fuel-infeed conduit. By means of this gap a lower fuel compartment, into which opens the fuel-infeed conduit, communicates with an upper fuel compartment. The upper fuel compartment has a ring-shaped air inlet opening which is coaxially arranged with respect to the fuel-infeed conduit.

Abstract: The method of making an improved ornamental plastic product incorporating lamellar material oriented in a selected disposition, which includes the steps of subjecting the resinous mass containing the lamellae to an orienting influence, and thereafter subjecting the mass to a high speed beam of electrons sufficient at least partially to cure the resin and immobilize the oriented lamellae to prevent their migration from the selected disposition. The resinous mass containing the lamellae is preferably cooled prior to orientation, and irradiated while still in the cooled state.

Abstract: A method for simultaneously forming an integral barrier layer on selected external surfaces of a fired alumina-based compound ceramic article and for increasing the porosity and crushability characteristics thereof embodies the sintering of a ceramic compact comprising a reactant fugitive filler material and the alumina-based compound ceramic material in a controlled atmosphere.

Abstract: A laser detection system for detecting parisons or portions of parisons remaining on cylindrical core pins at an ejection station. Injection molding of tubular parisons around cylindrical core pins occurs at a molding station; cooling the parisons while supported on the core pins occurs at a cooling station; and then, axially stripping the parisons from the core pins occurs at an ejection station. The parison stripping step is accomplished by a horizontally reciprocable carriage which is selectively moved into and out of vertical alignment with a set of core pins and parisons positioned at the ejection station. Sectional gripping members on the carriage are radially closable when in alignment with the parisons, to grasp the parisons for their axial removal from the core pins upon the horizontal displacement of the carriage.

Abstract: Process by which moulded articles are maufactured from clay. A continuously produced strand of the material in question is sprinkled with sand, whereafter at one location a piece is severed from the end of the strand at regular intervals, by a cutting apparatus, which piece then enters a mould. In the course of all phases of the process the strand and each severed piece thereof remain directed along one vertical downwardly directed line of movement.

Abstract: Process and apparatus for extruding synthetic resinous thermoplastic materials, wherein a heat plastified stream of such material is divided into a primary or core stream, and non-primary or secondary stream(s), the secondary stream(s) heated to a temperature substantially hotter than the core stream, and the hot secondary stream(s) thereafter layered onto the opposite surfaces of the core stream prior to expelling the material from an extrusion die. Such a process and apparatus is practiced to avoid a loss of surface smoothness in the extruded product.

Abstract: An extruder method is taught for forming a co-extruded article wherein the die head of a first extruder forms the primary extrudate which is shaped from a cylindrical form into a thin oblong elongated form. A second extruder feeds its plasticated extrudate to the first extruder die head where the second extrudate is shaped into a thin narrow film for merging the two extrudate into a single elongated composite film for extrusion as an integral film from the die head as a shaped article.

Abstract: Method of making a casing reinforced by a stretchable glass fiber preform is disclosed. The casing may be reinforced by metal or a glass fiber mat which is shaped to provide positive engagement with the stretchable fiber preform before its impregnation by a matrix-forming resin.