Abstract: Stable, dry, free-flowing powder compositions containing ascorbic acid or salts thereof, methods for their preparation and feedstuff containing the powder compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: A novel spray-dried, colored whey product intended for incorporation in baked goods such as doughnut, bread, pastry, and cake mixes, and a novel premix for the preparation of such baked goods. The product is formed by forming a liquid solution of whey solids and an edible coloring, such as yellow, and processing the mixture in any conventional spray-drying processing equipment which will produce a preferably nonhygroscopic, finely particulated, dry, colored, whey product capable of dry-blending with other ingredients such as flour, sugar and shortening to form the aforementioned pre-mixes.

Abstract: A coffee like beverage product prepared solely from soybeans. By the combination of conditions employed, the result is a ground and roast soybean product which can be substituted for coffee, and which tastes and appears remarkably like coffee. The process involves removing most of the oil from green soybeans, crushing the green soybeans, grinding the crushed green soybeans, and thereafter roasting the same.

Abstract: Material is cooled by direct contact with CO.sub.2, and the CO.sub.2 vapor is recovered. A coolant reservoir is created in a holding tank wherein CO.sub.2 vapor, CO.sub.2 liquid and solid CO.sub.2 exist in equilibrium in the form of slush plus vapor. Liquid CO.sub.2 is supplied to a cooling chamber to cool the material by direct contact, creating contaminated CO.sub.2 vapor. The contaminated CO.sub.2 vapor is removed and directed to the coolant reservoir to condense the CO.sub.2 vapor and any contaminants which liquefy at temperatures above -69.degree. F. by melting solid CO.sub.2. Clean CO.sub.2 vapor and any noncondensables are withdrawn from the holding tank and the withdrawn CO.sub.2 vapor is reliquefied and returned to the CO.sub.2 storage vesssel. Condensable contaminants are periodically removed from the holding tank by heating to a temperature where they can be blown out the bottom.

Abstract: This invention relates to a clouding agent obtained by drying an aqueous dispersion comprised of, on a dry basis, a major amount of malto dextrin (in solution) and minor amounts of xanthan gum and titanium dioxide. The clouding agent thus obtained is added to a dry beverage mix in amounts effective to produce the desired opacity and remain suspended for a time sufficient to consume a beverage prepared from the dry mix.

Abstract: A method of processing an electrical apparatus, such as a capacitor, containing a polymeric dielectric material. The interior of the capacitor casing, which is at room temperature, is initially connected to a vacuum source to evacuate the interior of the casing and when a vacuum sensing unit indicates that the required vacuum has been obtained, a degassed dielectric liquid is supplied to the interior of the casing. A positive pressure is applied to the liquid in the casing to fully impregnate the polymeric layer. When the desired capacitance is obtained, the impregnation is complete and the unit is sealed.

Abstract: A positive active material for electric primary cells, such as are used in electronic watches, is formed from a powder composed at least partially of grains having cores of silver peroxide completely surrounded by a layer of monovalent silver oxide and covered with a thin surface layer of metallic silver. The remainder of the powder, if any, comprises monovalent silver oxide grains, also covered with a thin surface layer of metallic silver. A process for making the material includes adding a reducing agent such as hydrazine to a powder having grains of less than 50 microns in diameter of essentially pure silver peroxide and reducing the silver peroxide to the point at which a thin layer of metallic silver forms on the surface of each powder grain. This point can be detected by a substantial reduction in electrical resistivity of the powder and occurs when approximately one-half of the original powder remains as silver peroxide.

Abstract: Wetting by toners of the surface of reusable photoconductors in electrophotographic processes results on image cycling in adhesion of the toner to the photoconductor surface to form a film. Such filming is reduced or eliminated by including in the developer a small amount of certain unpigmented organic polymeric materials having smaller particle size than the pigmented toner particles. Suitable organic polymers are fluorinated hydrocarbon polymers and copolymers, and polyethylene.

Abstract: A method for developing an electrostatic latent image and an apparatus therefor, in which a magnetic toner layer is formed on an arcuate face formed from an insulator, and an electrostatic latent image carrying medium is supported such that its electrostatic latent image surface contacts lightly with a part of said magnetic toner layer.

Abstract: An organic polymer resist image layer, formed on a substrate, is stabilized by placing the substrate with the resist image layer in an electrodeless glow discharge in a low pressure fluorine containing atmosphere, for example, CF.sub.4, so as to harden the exposed surface of the layer and then heating the layer.

Abstract: An improved process for producing durable, wash resistant, light-reflective fabrics for use in garments and wearing apparel to enhance their nighttime visibility without significantly detracting from the daytime visual appearance of the fabrics, comprising the steps of applying to a surface of a textile fabric constructed from differentially dyed or dyeable yarns or fibers a liquid paste composition containing a uniform dispersion of binder-coated, reflex-reflective, magnetically orientable particles suspended therein, and a carboxyvinyl polymeric thickener in the composition to maintain a composition viscosity of between about three thousand to seventeen thousand centipoise, applying a magnetic force field to the fabric to magnetically orient the particles in the paste composition to dispose their light-reflective surfaces generally outwardly from the surface of the fabric, treating the fabric to activate the binder of the particles and adhesively secure the particles to the fabric surface, and subsequently

Abstract: An ion-exchange hollow fiber is prepared by introducing into the wall of the fiber polymerizable liquid monomers, and polymerizing the monomers therein to form solid, insoluble, cross-linked, ion-exchange resin particles which embed in the wall of the fiber. Excess particles blocking the central passage or bore of the fiber are removed by forcing liquid through the fiber. The fibers have high ion-exchange capacity, a practical wall permeability and good mechanical strength even with very thin wall dimensions. Experimental investigation of bundles of ion-exchange hollow fibers attached to a header assembly have shown the fiber to be very efficient in removing counterions from solution.

Abstract: A process of treating the interior steel walls and gas and/or air moving fans or blowers in electrical precipitation installations with a material containing micron colloidal particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetrating and surface coating on the interior walls and fan blades and blower parts of the electrical precipitation installation and which acts to prevent the accumulation of coal tar, dust, fly ash and other particles thereon.

Abstract: A process of treating a coke oven door and jamb with a material containing micron colloidal particles of graphite in a liquid carrier is described that forms a penetrating and surface coating on the coke oven doors and jambs which acts to prevent leakage of tar and other coke by-products as heretofore common in the art and the resultant inability of maintaining a sealing relation between the door and jamb.

Abstract: This disclosure describes transparent glass window structures of the type bearing a first coating of infra-red reflective material which is advantageously less than about 0.85 microns in thickness and wherein the observance of iridescence resulting from such a first coating is markedly reduced by provision of a second coating arranged in register with said first coating, the second coating providing at least two interfaces which, with the mass of the second coating, form means to reflect and refract light therefrom to interfere with the observation of iridescence. The invention also encompasses processes for providing such windows. A particular advantage of the invention is its efficacy with clear and lightly tinted glasses wherein the problem of iridescent color has had its greatest commercial impact.

Abstract: An underlay with antislip properties is disclosed in which there are three layers, one being a resilient layer of foam material or rubber, to which is attached the second layer which is of interlocked fibrous material; the third layer is a looser fibrous layer and is connected by interlocking with the fibres of the second layer. When the underlay is used between a rug and a carpet the first layer is placed against the underneath of the rug, while the third layer interacts with the topside of the carpet. When the underlay is used between a carpet (or rug) and a floor, the first layer is placed against the underneath of the carpet.

Abstract: Foamed bodies having chemically embossed patterns are prepared by a first method comprising forming a composition containing a vinyl chloride resin, a synthetic rubber material capable of forming sulfur bridges, a blowing agent, a vulcanizing agent (sulfur) and a vulcanization promotor (metal oxide) into a sheet, printing an ink containing a vulcanizing accelerator into a desired configuration onto the sheet, drying and curing the printed sheet and then heating the sheet to decompose the blowing agent thereby foaming the sheet; and a second method comprising forming a composition containing a vinyl chloride resin, a synthetic rubber containing terminal groups capable of reacting with an isocyanate, and a blowing agent, printing an ink containing an isocyanate into a desired configuration onto the sheet, drying the printed sheet and then heating the sheet to decompose the blowing agent thereby foaming the sheet.

Abstract: A printed circuit has additional connections formed on one of its faces by depositing beads of conductive resin on that face. The conductive beads are covered by an insulating coating, and, if required, further conductive beads may be deposited on the insulating coating formed on the first beads.

Abstract: A paste comprising particles of an inorganic oxide and a vehicle is printed on portions of a substrate which are not to be coated with a transparent electro-conductive film. A low valence oxide film of an electro-conductive metal oxide is deposited on the printed substrate by a vacuum deposition process. The resulting substrate is heated in an atmosphere containing oxygen, whereby the film is oxidized to form a transparent, highly electro-conductive film and the vehicle present in the paste is decomposed to yield a patterned, transparent electro-conductive film on the substrate.

Abstract: In a magnetic recording tape having a total thickness of 4.0 to 14.5 microns, the base thickness to magnetic layer thickness ratio is from 2:3 to 3:2, the base Young's modulus to magnetic layer Young's modulus ratio is from 1:2 to 2:1 and the tensile strength at 0.5% elongation is .sqroot.d/16 Kg or more to the total thickness d (micron).

Abstract: This invention relates to a bonded fiber web capable of absorbing water vapor and composed of synthetic, natural or regenerated fibers with a uniformly incorporated additive of at least one polymer, said additive comprising fibrous particles of at least one swellable carbohydrate derivative or a swellable modified carbohydrate derivative. The invention also relates to a process for the manufacture of the bonded fiber web.

Abstract: A process for producing a non-woven fabric having excellent draping properties and strength and further having a handling similar to that of woven fabrics, which comprises drawing uniaxially or biaxially a non-woven sheet material comprising not less than 90% by weight of semi-drawn fibers of a linear high molecular weight compound (e.g. polyesters) having a breaking elongation of 80 to 150% wherein the fibers of said sheet material are crossed and intertwined with each other and are partially bonded at the crossing points, said drawing being carried out until the bonding of the fibers is partially broken or the fibers are partially cut.

Abstract: Porous refractory articles resistant to degradation at high temperatures for example by oxygen, chlorine and the like, are composed of a main body of a porous sintered carbide, nitride, boride or silicide which is coated with silicon nitride or silicon oxynitride. The coating is not only on the surface of the main body of the porous refractory article, but also penetrates the article to a depth at least greater than the depth of the surface pores.

Abstract: This invention relates to a magnetic recording medium which comprises a support having a surface roughness of at most 0.35 micron, a magnetic recording layer on one side of the support and a lubricant layer containing a lubricant represented by the following general formula, ##STR1## in which R=C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1, n=12-18, x=0-8 and y=1-50 and being coated onto the opposite side to the magnetic recording layer with a mean coating quantity of 1 to 500 mg/m.sup.2.

Abstract: Fireproofing of wood and the variety of hardwoods typically utilized in the manufacture of furniture is provided by a process of controlled permeation of a solution composed of a combination of a halide salt of a Group I or Group II metal of the Periodic Table of Elements and an ammonium salt which upon impregnation precipitates in the cellular structure of the treated wood. Controlled permeation of furniture wood to a depth of about 1/8 of an inch to 3 inches is provided by evacuating and expanding the cellular structure of the wood by utilizing a vacuum chamber, or a heat chamber for heating the wood to temperatures of about 220.degree. F. or a combination thereof to activate the surface and a portion of the subsurface of the cellular structure of the wood for absorption and adsorption of the solution of fire retardant compounds providing a controlled impregnation of the furniture hardwood.

Abstract: Rovings impregnated with solid or preferably semi solid thermosetting resin and which can be handled in textile processing equipment are provided by overcoating the impregnated roving with a thermoplastic resin dispersed in a volatile liquid medium which does not dissolve the thermosetting resin to form an encapsulating membrane of thermoplastic resin around the impregnated roving to thereby provide the strength, flexibility, and surface properties needed for textile handling without degrading the properties desired in the final cured molded product.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment, a spreadable, thermosetting automotive body solder is comprised of 100 parts of an epoxy resin adduct of epichlorohydrin and bisphenol A, 25 to 40 parts liquid polysulfide rubber, 0.02 to 0.06 moles of an imidazole curing agent substituted in the 2-position with a hydrocarbon group, and a filler system consisting of 5 to 20 parts aluminum powder, 10 to 20 parts ion-exchanged clay, 3 to 6 parts wetting agent for the clay, and 70 to 130 parts fibrous or plate talc average particle size 3 microns or less. The composition is workable for several hours at room temperatures but cures in a few minutes at temperatures over 100.degree. C. The filler system provides the body solder with thixotropic properties at room temperatures, and sag resistance in both the cured and uncured states at temperatures up to 200.degree. C. The solder is corrosion resistant without other additives.

Abstract: An adhesive system for coating polyester cord to effect the bonding of rubber thereto in preparing vulcanized reinforced structures, especially pneumatic tires, which system consists of a first heat-cured coating of an admixture of a polyepoxide and a linear carbon-to-carbon addition polymer containing pendent aminimide and N-pyrrolidonyl groups and a second heat-cured coating of a RFL composition.

Abstract: A porous electrode, possessed of good physical qualities, containing size optimized electrocatalyst-bearing pores ensuring suitability for electrochemical reaction promotion, including the electroreduction of oxygen in alkaline media, is comprised of the compressed and compacted product of a pre-catalyzed, volumetrically reduced pre-form structure that, prior to densification, was characterizable in being laced with precursive interstitial passageways that are larger than electrode body pore size and which are comparably of a more open catalyst-applicating accessibility which passageways had been pre-provided on their wall surfaces with effective quantity deposits of catalytic agent.

Abstract: An improved IMViC test method is disclosed which is suitable for conducting multiple bacterial IMViC tests on solid media. The method comprises (1) obtaining a suitable culture of bacteria by growing the bacteria first in LST broth, then in EC broth and finally on EMB agar; (2) inoculating a test plate containing solid test media for the IMViC tests in separate compartments; (3) incubating said inoculated test plate; and (4) determining the results of the tests. The period of incubation for the IMViC tests has been reduced to 48 hours by this method. A test plate suitable for use with this method is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for working up thermoplastic synthetic resin material, in particular unsorted thermoplastic synthetic resin waste material into an article having the working and processing properties of wood, and in which the material is subjected to a mixing operation in a housing including a screw member, and is fluidized, moulded, cooled in the mould, and removed from the mould. According to the invention, the synthetic resin material is supplied to an extruder without a screen member and without an extrusion nozzle, and kept therein until there is obtained a material that is fluid owing to temperature increase, and which material contains a gas when it leaves the extruder. The material is then passed into a mould having open ends, one of which is connected to the outlet of the extruder.

Abstract: What is disclosed is a foamable polymer composition comprising(A) a copolymer of 20-99.99 percent by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, 0-79.99 percent by weight of a further ethylenically unsaturated monomer copolymerizable therewith, and 0.01-5 percent by weight of a member selected from the group consisting of metal salts of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid, and(B) a foaming agent compatible with said copolymer, methods for making such a composition, polymer foams prepared therefrom, and laminates of such foams with resin-impregnated fiber glass mats.

Abstract: The invention broadly relates to greatly lowering the viscosity of the self-condensation products of formaldehyde (formose) by mixing formose with dialkyl phosphites; trialkyl phosphites and .alpha.-hydroxy- or .alpha.-amino-phosphonic acid esters. These mixtures have the surprising capacity of dissolving large quantities of crystallized sugars. Compounds capable of aminoplast formation may also be advantageously mixed in. These mixtures have the remarkable ability of being used to make flame-resistant, open-celled, highly carbonizing rigid polyurea-polyurethane foams with isocyanate indexes of as low as 45 to 50.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the production of novel polyalkylene glycol ethers based on a mixture of polyhydric alcohols, hydroxyaldehydes and hydroxy ketones produced by the auto-condensation of formaldehyde hydrate (formose). The improvement realized is in the use of an acid catalysis rather than the normal base catalysis. The new polyether polyols are valuable starting materials for the production of polyurethane foams.

Abstract: This invention relates to mixtures of formose, aminoplast monomers and optionally water and/or crystalline mono or disaccharides. The mixtures are relatively low viscosity liquids at room temperature. The invention also relates to the use of such mixtures for the production of polyurethane resins, in particular foam resins.

Abstract: An oxyalkylated product useful for making polyurethane foams is prepared by reacting an alkylene oxide with a heated mixture of a phenol and a non-phenolic active hydrogen compound, at least one of which can be halogenated, in the presence of a catalyst complex of a phenol and an iron or aluminum substance. The mixture can also include a neutral phosphorus compound and/or acid anhydrides to enhance flame retardant properties. Optionally, also, the oxyalkylation reaction can be terminated by adding a tri (lower alkyl) amine and alkylene oxide to react with residual phenolic hydrogen in the mixture.

Abstract: A resin composition comprising(A) an aromatic copolyester derived from (i) a mixture of terephthalic acid and isophthalic acid and/or the functional derivatives thereof and (ii) a bisphenol and/or the functional derivatives thereof;(B) a polyamide; and(C) an ionomer.Molded articles prepared from the resin composition exhibit superior thermal stability, mechanical properties and molding characteristics, especially superior impact characteristics and relatively thin molded articles are resistant to flexing.

Abstract: A composition of matter comprising an acetylene-terminated polyimide oligomer and trinitriloacetonitrile. The composition has a retarded cure rate, thereby facilitating the fabrication of void-free molded objects and composites.

Abstract: An article of manufacture having heat-alterable memory characteristics consisting of a shaped, vulcanized composition comprising a hydrogenated polybutadiene which in its unhydrogenated state contains from about 15 to about 55 percent trans 1,4-addition and from about 15 to about 40 percent cis 1,4-addition, the article being in a dimensionally heat-unstable condition capable of altering its physical form upon application of heat alone. The article is produced by hydrogenating the above-described polybutadiene, shaping and vulcanizing the hydrogenated polybutadiene and subjecting the shaped, vulcanized article to a force sufficient to alter its dimensions.

Abstract: A novel method is disclosed for the preparation of polyphenylene oxides by the oxidative coupling of phenolic monomers which is based on the use of a manganese-vinyl resin complex as a catalyst.

Abstract: A synthetic resin is produced by polymerizing with a Friedel-Crafts catalyst a C.sub.5 stream containing butadiene which has been preheated to a temperature of at least 160.degree. C. for a period of up to 5 hours.

Abstract: A method of achieving chain transfer in the polymerization of a vinyl chloride monomer to polyvinyl chloride, utilizing aldehydes of 3 to 6 carbon atoms as the chain transfer agent and treating the polymerization mixture with an alkali bisulfite, such as sodium bisulfite or potassium bisulfite solution after the vinyl chloride monomer has been stripped from the polymerization mixture to obtain modified polyvinyl chloride having improved compounded physical properties.

Abstract: New crosslinkable polymers, in particular polymerization products of 5-maleimidyl-trimellitic acid derivatives and 3,5-bis-(maleimidyl)-phthalic acid derivatives and vinyl monomers and polycondensation products of the said imidyl compounds and diamines, diols or amino-alcohols and optionally a di-, tri- or tetra-carboxylic acid derivative are described. These polymers are distinguished by good processability and good solubility in customary organic solvents and are suitable for the manufacture of very diverse industrial products, such as thin and thick films and the like.

Abstract: A process for the production of polycondensates linked by cyclic imide groups, wherein at least one organic polyisocyanate or masked isocyanate, formic acid and at least one cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydride compound which, in addition to the cyclic anhydride group, is substituted at least once by another cyclic anhydride, carboxyl, carbalkoxy, carbaroxy or SO.sub.3 H group, are polycondensed at temperatures in the range from 0.degree. to 450.degree. C.

Abstract: Radiation curable compounds are disclosed comprising an amide moiety, a urethane moiety and an ethylenically unsaturated functional group, typically an acrylate functional group. This class of amide urethane acrylate compounds is characterized in having an amide moiety formed by the condensation reaction between a compound containing one or more carboxylic acid groups and an isocyanato-containing compound. Coating compositions containing one or more of these amide urethane acrylate compounds radiation polymerize at relatively high rates to provide protective and decorative films having improved wear resistance and flexibility.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for making a cured epoxy resin which has improved adhesion and peel strength. The cured resin is made by combining an epoxy resin with a polyether diureide having terminal ureido or monosubstituted ureido groups and having a molecular weight of from about 2000 to 3000 and an aminoalkylene derivative of a polyoxyalkylenepolyamine. The cured resin is useful, for example, for bonding metals.

Abstract: For the production of a powder-like furan resin use is made of a mixture of a ketone pertaining to the furan series, phenol-formaldehyde resin and, if desired, furfurol taken in a weight ratio of 10:3- 15:2-5 respectively. The mixture of said components is heated to a temperature within the range of from 130.degree. to 200.degree. C., whereupon the desired product is formed. The process may be conducted in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixture of tin dichloride and hexamethylene diamine.The resulting powder-like furna resin is resistant against highly-aggressive media at a temperature of up to 120.degree. C.; it is also resistant against the effect of oxidizing agents at a temperature of up to 80.degree. C. Martens yield temperature of the powder-like furna resin of the present invention is as high as 300.degree. C. The resin yield is as high as 93%.

Abstract: The process according to the present invention comprises a continuous polycondensation of the anthracene fraction of coal tar boiling within the range of from 270.degree. C. to 350.degree. C., phenol and formaldehyde at a weight ratio between the components of 1:3-4:1-1.2 in the presence of 0.5 to 1.2% by weight of an acidic catalyst at a supply rate of a mixture of said components of 500-550 g/hr.The present invention makes it possible to continuously prepare the desired product, whereby its output from a unit production volume is substantially increased. The product has a high curing rate and a high coke value.

Abstract: An alkaline-catalyzed process for preparing poly-2-pyrrolidone characterized by the step of treating the polypyrrolidone reaction product mixture with an acid to prevent polymer agglomeration and prevent base-catalyzed polymer degradation. In another embodiment, unreacted poly-2-pyrrolidone is recovered by washing the acid-treated polymer reaction product mixture with water and the resulting wash water recovered, treated with further acid, and then subjected to a two-stage evaporation process. Poly-2-pyrrolidone is known as nylon 4, and can be shaped into filaments and various molded articles.

Abstract: Terephthalic acid and either 5-methyl-1,9-nonanediamine or an isomeric mixture of 5-methyl-1,9-nonanediamine with 2,4-dimethyl-1,8-octanediamine and/or 2,4,6-trimethyl-1,7-heptanediamine are admixed in a methanol/water medium, wherein the volume ratio of methanol to water is in the range of about 99:1 to about 80:20, and the weight ratio of terephthalic acid and diamine to the methanol/water medium is in the range of about 1:1 to about 1:3. The resulting slurry can be cooled to promote precipitation of the salt. The precipitated salt can be recovered by filtration and employed for the production of a polyamide.