Abstract: A three part die forms a metal clip into a fixed diameter, circular configuration about a workpiece. The die is comprised of three separate die members which move radially toward and away from a fixed center point that defines the center of a first circle. A die engaging groove or channel is defined in the surface of each die member for cooperation with the metal clip. When the die is closed, the die channel defines a second circle which is concentric to the first circle.

Abstract: For producing steel pipe from thick steel plate, a foreign member is arranged on a die at the center of its caliber in the length thereof such that the member meets the edge groove of the steel, and in such a condition O-ing is carried out thereon, thereby to produce a thick welded pipe having very little the peaking amount.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated crimping tool (1) for attaching an electrical connector to an electrical conductor, consisting of a hydraulic oil reservoir (27), which is connected to a pump unit (26) which when operated will pump oil under pressure into an enclosed space (25), into which is introduced a pin (1k), said pin being so arranged as to move out of the space as pressure is applied. Upon the initial activation of the pump unit (26) oil is pumped into a small space (24) of small area and volume, where a small quantity of oil will produce large movement of the pin (1k). This movement will then cause a second enclosed space (25) of greater area and of greater volume to be filled with oil. As resistance begins to occur to the movement of the pin (1k) the pump unit (26) will pump the quantity of oil to the second enclosed space (25) of greater area.

Abstract: A pressure transducer cross-check system (10) in which a pair of low precision pressure transducers (12, 14) which detect parameters related to each other in content are alternately periodically calibrated during the operation of the system by cross-checking by a solenoid actuated valve (18) which alternately connects one of the pair of low precision pressure transducers (12, 14) to its associated pressure input (20, 22) while connecting a common high precision pressure transducer (16) to the other of the related pressure parameter inputs (20, 22) for selectively alternately providing one of the pair of parameter input signals as a high precision pressure responsive input signal to the system controller on alternate cycles of the low precision pressure transducer pair in accordance with the cycling of the valve (18).

Abstract: A method of identifying discontinuities in a flow by transforming an ultrasonic pulse reflected from an unknown discontinuity into a frequency spectrum and comparing that spectrum with the spectra of known discontinuities.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel mobile apparatus and process therefor including a heat transfer test assembly and related conduit and valve assemblies for connection in fluid flow communication to a heat transfer apparatus for in-situ testing of the fluid passing therethrough and including monitoring and recording apparatus. The heat transfer test assembly includes a heating member for controlled heat input and thermocouples to measure the surface temperature of the heating member to permit fouling deteminations at varying flow rates with simultaneous monitoring and recording thereof together with data, such as corrosion, pH, conductivity, and the like.

Abstract: A hydraulically operated earth boring machine, improved with a flowmeter and indicator to show the instantaneous and the greatest depth of the drilling tool.

Abstract: Provided is an apparatus for taking core samples from the side of a borehole which comprises a gun body having a transverse shooting bore, a projectile adapted to be shot from the bore, a tether for tethering the projectile to the gun body, and a permanent magnet for holding the projectile to the gun body at the end of the tether.

Abstract: Discloses apparatus and method for testing, then treating, then testing the same sealed off region of earth formation within a well bore. Employs a sealing pad arrangement carried by the well tool to seal the test region to permit flow of formation fluid from the region. A fluid sample taking arrangement in the tool is adapted to receive a fluid sample through the sealing pad from the test region and a pressure detector is connected to sense and indicate the build up of pressure from the fluid sample. A treating mechanism in the tool injects a treating fluid into said sealed test region of earth formation. A second fluid sample is taken through the sealing pad while the build up of pressure from the second fluid sample is indicated.

Abstract: A thermal measurement of mass flow is obtained by passing a flowing mass through a hollow passageway, measuring the temperature of the mass at the inlet and at the outlet of said passageway and additionally measuring the heat flow released or absorbed through the walls of the passageway and then determining the mass flow by setting up the heat balance equation on the basis of the obtained data. Preferably, the data are fed into a computer to solve the resulting heat balance equation. The invention also comprises an apparatus wherein temperature sensors are arranged at both ends of a tubular passageway and wherein the heat flow meter comprises concentric wire coils of a thermic resistance material wound around the outer periphery of the tube and an interposed layer of predetermined thickness formed of a material of at most moderate heat conductivity.

Abstract: A fuel tank attachment which records the cumulative amount of fuel involved in successive fillings of the tank and also the fuel consumed between fillings, using two digital counters for this purpose, each being of the type that adds in one direction and subtracts in the other. The one counter that records fuel consumption requires this two-directional operational mode wherein it adds from "0" or other selected starting point as fuel is consumed, and subtracts back to "0" when the tank is filled. The other or cumulative counter, however, must be prevented from subtracting, or otherwise the record which it provides will be inaccurate. In accordance with the present invention, the cumulative counter is operated in its adding mode in a positive fashion by a first pawl and ratchet arrangement, and is prevented from operating in its subtracting mode, again in a positive fashion, by a second pawl and ratchet arrangement.

Abstract: Certain polyacetylenes exhibit reversible color changes at transition temperatures in the range -180.degree. to 220.degree. C., wherein the thermochromic cycles can be repeated many times with no apparent degradation and little change in spectroscopic properties.These thermochromic polyacetylenes are useful in temperature-indicator and indicia-display device applications.A process for laser-beam recording of images is described employing a thermochromic polyacetylene, in which the hysteresis properties of the polyacetylene can be suitably altered allowing for selectively storing or erasing the formed image.

Abstract: An ultrasonic image of improved resolution is obtained by utilizing separate transducers for transmission and reception of ultrasonic pulses utilized for imaging, one transducer being a cylindrical or simulated cylindrical transducer having a line focus and the other transducer being aimed along the focus of the first transducer. An area to be imaged may be scanned by rotating and/or traversing the transducers as a unit.

Abstract: A position sensor comprising a ferromagnetic member operatively connected to an operation means and movable in response to displacement of the operation means, a magnetically soft member surrounded by an electrical coil secured adjacent to a range of movement of the ferromagnetic member, and a displacement pulse phase conversion unit including a permanent magnet. Voltage pulses are applied to one end of the electrical coil, the other end of which is connected in series with a resistor. A voltage drop across the resistor is detected and a time lag of the resistor voltage, which time lag corresponds to displacement of the operation means, is provided in the form of an analog voltage or a digital code.

Abstract: Measurement of small oscillatory movements of an irregular surface involves the production of a speckle pattern therefrom by coherent light illumination, and the arrangement of a photodetector for direct response to such pattern, variations in photodetector output component at the frequency of the surface movement representing that movement. Another, stationary, illuminated irregular surface can be involved to produce a speckle interference pattern for response of the photodectector thereto and, in the case where the two surfaces are closely adjacent, a single beam can be used to illuminate the first and other surfaces predominantly and by stray light, respectively. This common beam illumination can be used in prior speckle interferometry. The first surface can be an eardrum oscillated by a sound wave, suitably of swept frequency or impulse form, with detection of the photodetector variations respectively being in synchronous manner or by Fourier analysis, respectively.

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprising a pressure-displacement translating mechanism including a movable body driven by a hydraulic pressure and a spring for urging the movable body in a direction opposite the pressure, and a displacement-pulse phase conversion unit including a permanent magnet secured to the movable body and a magnetically soft member carrying an electrical coil thereon and disposed at a stationary point adjacent to the region of movement of the permanent magnet. A pulse voltage is applied to one end of the electrical coil, the other end of which is connected in series with a resistor. A voltage drop across the resistor is detected, and a time lag of the voltage drop with respect to the pulse voltage, representing a measure of hydraulic pressure, is provided in the form of an analog voltage or a digital code.

Abstract: A pressure sensor comprising a pressure-stress conversion mechanism including a movable body which is driven by a hydraulic pressure to be determined; a spring means which urges the movable body in a direction to oppose the pressure applied; a stress-pulse phase conversion unit connected to the movable body for producing a stress in accordance with the magnitude of the pressure in response to a load applied by the movable body and including a member of an amorphous, magnetically soft metal material having an electrical coil disposed thereon. A pulse voltage is applied to one end of the electrical coil, the other end of which is connected in series with a resistor in order to detect a voltage drop across the latter. The time delay of the voltage drop with respect to the pulse voltage, which depends on the magnitude of the hydraulic pressure, is indicated in the form of an analog voltage or a digital code.

Abstract: A vortex-shedding flowmeter capable of accurately measuring the flow rate of a liquid or gas even under extreme operating conditions. The fluid to be metered is conducted through a flow pipe having a shedder/sensor unit torsionally supported therein on a pivot axis normal to the flow axis of the pipe, said unit being caused to oscillate about said axis at a rate proportional to the flow rate of the fluid. The torsional support included a torque tube whose base is received within a bore in the pipe and is welded thereto and whose tip is welded to one end of the shedder/sensor unit to provide a closed structure preventing leakage of fluid from the pipe. These oscillations are converted into corresponding electrical signals by an external torque transducer operatively coupled to the unit by a sensor link assembly including a rod which extends into the torque tube and is welded to the tip thereof.

Abstract: An analog-to-digital converter for an electromagnetic flowmeter in which the fluid being metered passes through a flow tube to intersect a magnetic field, the voltage induced in the fluid being transferred to a pair of electrodes. The magnetic field is established by an electromagnet supplied with excitation current that is alternately turned "on" and "off" at a low frequency rate. The resultant flow-induced electrode signal is sampled for a predetermined interval in each "on" and "off" field state, successive differences therebetween serving to develop an analog signal representing the flow rate. Conversion is effected by integrating each sample to produce a sloped voltage whose polarity corresponds to that of the sample and whose peak level relative to a base level is determined by the amplitude of the sample, the sloped voltage being then de-integrated back to base level in a time slot whose duration is directly proportional to the average level of the sample.

Abstract: A rate gyroscope having a spinning mass flexibly coupled to a rotor through a pair of orthogonally disposed, diametrically extending suspension arms. The spinning mass is adapted to pivot about the arms in response to a pair of orthogonal angular rates being measured by the gyroscope. The angular orientation of the mass with respect to the gyroscope housing provides an indication of the angular rates. An optical sensor system disposed within the housing of the gyroscope and supporting electronics are used to produce an electrical signal representative of the angular orientation of the mass and, hence, such signal provides a measurement of a pair of angular rates being measured by the gyroscope. Such sensor system includes a tilted mirror attached to an axial end of the spinning mass which reflects collimated light rays from a light emitting diode, through a reticle, to a silicon diode detector.

Abstract: A drive mechanism is disclosed for drivingly connecting two reciprocating bodies to a rotating body and is particularly useful for linking a single pin crank of a crank-type Stirling engine to its displacer and power piston. The drive means has at least two slotted yokes, each connected to a different one of the reciprocating bodies such as the pistons of the Stirling engine. The pin of the crank extends through the slots of both slotted yokes. The slots are transverse to each other and preferably are linear.

Abstract: Conventional apparatus for assembling a track chain tend to impose undesireable bending moments and residual loads thereon. The apparatus (22) of this invention overcomes these problems by providing a pair of movable pressure heads (26,28) registering with first and second contact points (142,144) on opposite ends of a chain link (134) and a pressure equalizing plate (68) for sensing the resistance force at each contact point (142,144) to direct an increased pressure to a selected one of the contact points (142,144) in response to the differential between the resistance forces at the contact points (142,144).

Abstract: A switching device for variable speed gears in machine tools having an assembly which includes a plurality of axially disposed, rotatably-driven cam discs, each of which is associated with an electric microswitch. Non-rotatable spacers serve to position the cam discs. A spherical key bed clamp axially clamps the cam discs together while permitting rotation of individual ones thereof. A non-rotating indicating disc displays the present RPM or respective gear stage. A shock absorber in the individual gear trains between switching bars and their respective electric motors provides sufficient damping and cushioning to prevent a hard start-up impact when the motor is switched on or when a sliding gear block is engaged. The shock absorber may include an elastic linkage or an elastic spur gear in a toothed wheel gear reduction unit located between the motor drive shaft and the link shaft.

Abstract: A torsional vibration damper of the type having an inertia ring secured to a hub, the hub being coupled to the crankshaft of an internal combustion engine. Elastomer members are sandwiched between the hub and inertia ring. The improvement of this invention relates to a radially inwardly extending tongue carried by the inertia ring, a portion of which is sandwiched by the elastomer members. A viscous shear liquid is carried by an annular internal cavity of the hub, the radially innermost portion of the tongue immersed in the shear liquid.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine with reduced lateral dimensions. It includes a single case which contains both a crankshaft and a transmission. One is at an elevation above the other, and they are linked by an intermediate shaft. Accordingly, both the length and width of the engine can be minimized, which is important in vehicles such as motorcycles.

Abstract: A transaxle is provided especially for small riding vehicles, such as lawn mowers. The transaxle has multiple forward speeds in a compact housing by virtue of a unique gear train arrangement in which shafts serve multiple functions. A driven bevel gear in the transaxle housing is carried on an intermediate portion of a shaft and is backed up by a structurally-integral rib or flange in the housing. This support minimizes lateral deflection of the shaft on which the bevel gear is mounted, when the transmission is under load.

Abstract: An infinitely variable transmission drive arrangement for driving different loads from a common power source through two infinitely variable transmissions whose input shafts are connected to the common power source and whose output shafts are connected each to one of said loads. Means are provided for independently varying the transmission ratio of both infinitely variable transmissions and means for interconnecting the two infinitely variable transmissions for limiting the difference of their transmission ratio adjustment.

Abstract: Apparatus for stripping sheath from cable wherein rotary cable feeding wheels include knives or cutters for longitudinally slitting the sheath, and a peeler is located to engage in a sheath slit to spread the sheath and peel the latter away from the cable core.

Abstract: A power wrench includes a relatively flat elongated housing with an output shaft at one end operatively connected to one end of a drive segment lever arm whose opposite end is connected to a hydraulic cylinder mounted transverse to the lever arm. The hydraulic cylinder is connected through hydraulic lines to an external reservoir which is subject to variable hydraulic pressures through a power source. A valve alternately admits hydraulic fluid to opposite ends of the cylinder causing the cylinder to reciprocate which in turn oscillates the aforementioned opposite end of the lever arm to unidirectionally rotate the output shaft.

Abstract: A ratchet wrench includes a housing, a ratchet wheel and pawl within the housing, and a bell crank linkage for effecting rotational movement of the ratchet wheel by pivotal movement of the bell crank relative to the housing.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a ratchet type wrench which incorporates a totally disassemblable socket retaining apparatus so that the ratchet can be disassembled for cleaning and service.

Abstract: A driving tool and fastener, in the driving end of which is provided a nick or slot for insertion of the driving tool for driving the fastener, are provided which, because of their particular, respective cross-sectional configurations, can be interlocked temporarily together. As this interlocking engagement prevents the driving tool from accidentally slipping from the nick in the driving end of the fastener, rotational movement of the fastener is greatly facilitated. The shank of the driving tool is provided at its operative end with a bit that, because of its cross-sectional configuration compared to that of the nick, wedges with the nick. Thus, not only is slipping between the driving tool and fastener prevented when rotating the fastener, but accidental separation of the driving tool from the fastener is prevented, making the task considerably easier when using the fastener in overhead work or in a hard to reach location.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for the accurate volumetric subdivision of conveyed bar-shaped material such as bar steel or billets, using measurements of the bar's cross-sectional area.

Abstract: A device for use in applying panels to a wall, for providing holes in the panels to expose electrical outlets and switches therethrough. The device includes two components, a box and a cutter plate; the box is fitted to an outlet or switch, that is in position in the wall, and has pins and a peripheral cutting edge directed outwardly when the box is so fitted. The wall panel to be put on the wall is tentatively set in place, bearing against the pins, and is then tapped to drive the pins into and through the panel. The panel is then removed from such tentative position, carrying the box with it, by means of the pins friction-holding in the holes, and laid on the floor with the box down. The cutter plate is then fitted on the pins which are exposed through the panel, applied to the upper surface of the panel, and struck with a hammer, forcing the panel against the peripheral cutting edge of the box, cutting through the panel and leaving a hole therein of the size, shape and location of the box.

Abstract: There is provided an improvement in an apparatus for cutting a profile of a selected shape from a natural sheet material at a given location, which apparatus comprises a cutting platen having an upper generally flat cutting surface and a lower generally flat support surface. The platen is movable to the desired position relative to a cutter which moves along an axis downwardly against the cutting surface to cut the preselected shape from the natural material. In accordance with the improvement, there is provided a fixed anvil having a flat force reaction surface parallel to and facing the supporting surface of the platen so that the cutting action is against the anvil. The anvil can also form the structure for supporting the platen as it is moved into the cutting position.

Abstract: An improved hydraulic fluid shock dampening system is disclosed for a shearing press to minimize shock loading vibration, and the level of noise emanating upon breakthrough of the material being sheared. The system includes cylinder and piston units interposed between the press bed and slide, each providing a variable volume fluid receiving chamber from which fluid under pressure is expelled during movement of the slide toward the bed to achieve a shearing operation. A flow sensitive valve in communication with the chambers has a first fixed flow rate thereacross during the shearing operation, and prior to breakthrough, and is responsive to accelerated movement of the slide upon breakthrough to provide a second and substantially lower fixed flow rate thereacross during completion of the movement of the slide toward the press bed.

Abstract: A punch and retainer assembly wherein the punch has a non-circular punching end, a flattened surface at the upper end of the side wall thereof and a radially inwardly extending recess directly below the flattened side wall portion. The punch retainer includes a vertically movable latch adapted to engage within the recess on the shank of the punch and retain the punch within the retainer. Means are provided for limiting vertical movement of the latch so that the punch can be inserted into the retainer only when the flattened surface thereof is aligned parallel with the pivot axis of the punch. Spring means are also provided for maintaining the non-circular punching end of the punch in a predetermined circumferential angular relationship relative to the latch.

Abstract: A blade for a reciprocating saw having a cutting edge comprising a plurality of longitudinally aligned teeth, the improvement comprising the teeth having a negative rake angle near the leading end of the blade for reducing needed force for cutting at the beginning of a stroke, and a positive rake angle near the trailing end of the blade for increasing the force necessary for cutting to decelerate the saw during or at the of the stroke, whereby cutting actions are related to expected blade speed at any given point on the saw and relatively constant muscular effort is required over the length of a stroke.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument capable of providing automatic bass and chord accompaniments, either in accordance with a program prepared by the player or in immediate response to the depressing of a minimum number of keys on lower and pedal keyboards. The programmed accompaniments proceed sequentially (in steps) with successive measures of accompaniment data being read from a memory. By making some of these measures blank in introducing the accompaniment data into the memory, therefore, the player can play desired bass and chord accompaniments by direct key depression during the blank measures. In an alternative embodiment the production of the programmed accompaniments is automatically inhibited during the production of key-responsive accompaniments, thereby enabling the player to override the programmed accompaniments at any time.

Abstract: An electronic musical instrument forms output signals having at least one frequency component and an amplitude defining envelope. Output signals are formed for selected string simulators on the instrument so that the notes and chords may be formed simulating a stringed musical instrument by combining the output signals. Various parameters of the amplitude envelope of the output signals may be varied at a user's selection.

Abstract: A series of beat signals (e.g. sixteen) corresponding to a desired rhythm or tempo are recorded on one track of a multi-track magnetic tape, which is then cut and spliced into a loop just long enough to contain the entire series of recorded beats. During a performance the loop is used in a recorder designed to cause the recorded beat signals repeatedly to be played back by a first head at a first terminal, which can be connected through an amplifier to an ear-piece and/or lamp so that the reproduced beat signals can be heard and/or seen only by the performer. A second, combination record-playback-erase head in the recorder is mounted adjacent a second track on the tape and is connected by, for example, a foot-operated switch to a circuit which enables the second head instantaneously to be switched from a record to a playback mode, and vice versa.

Abstract: A guitar is provided with a soft pillow-like body or cushion instead of the large sound box of a Spanish-type guitar or the substantially flat non-yielding body of an electric guitar. The soft cushion avoids uncomfortable localized contact between the body of the musician and parts of the guitar, and it promotes more secure holding by the musician for better performance on the instrument. Also, the cushion is sufficiently flexible so that the stem and neck of the guitar may be suitably positioned for playing by a musician in either standing or sitting position.

Abstract: The disclosure concerns apparatus for maintaining continuous tension on the snare bed of a snare drum and for moving the snare bed toward and away from the drum head surface while the snare bed remains tensioned and while the orientation of the snare bed strands remains generally parallel to the drum head surface. The snare bed is held under tension by band presses at opposite sides of the drum shell. Pivoting links at both sides of the drum shell are normally spring biased against the tension of the band presses to move the snare bed away from the drum head surface. Upon a release in the tension of the tensioning means, the spring biased levers, pivot to move the snare bed away from the drum head. Upon an increase in tension of the tensioning means, the biasing force on the links is overcome and the snare bed moves back to the drum head surface.

Abstract: The disclosure relates to a clamping device capable of readily combining or disassembling plate-like members such as corrugated boards, etc. for packing cases and the like. The clamping device made of flexible material, for example, polypropylene or the like includes a flat base portion, pivotal members hinged to the base portion, and piercing pieces or claws extending outwardly from the respective pivotal members for forcing the piercing pieces into or withdrawing the same from the plate-like members in an efficient manner.

Abstract: The drive comprises an air-operated driving unit imparting either a linear or a rotary motion to the working member of a manipulator and, at the same time, driving the rotor of an electromagnetic brake in accordance with displacement of the working member. For linear movement of the working member, the driving unit comprises an air-operated piston-cylinder actuator and, for rotary movement of the working member, comprises a vane-type air motor. An electronic control system controls the operation of the driving unit and of the electromagnetic brake, and thus the motion of the working member.

Abstract: An actuator valve for an air driven reciprocating device wherein the valve includes a control rod responsive to movement of the reciprocating device and a valve piston pneumatically actuated by movement of the control rod. The valve piston selectively directs air to reciprocate the driven mechanism. The control rod includes dual axial passageways to selectively vent each end of the cylinder within which the valve piston operates. The passageways are sealed such that unused pressurized air will not escape from the air valve.

Abstract: An improved a power steering apparatus includes a fluid motor which is connected with a steerable vehicle wheel by a rack gear. The fluid motor has a piston with a relatively large head end surface area and a relatively small rod end surface area. In order to compensate for the difference in the head and rod end surface areas, actuation of a steering control valve assembly is resisted with a greater force when fluid pressure is being directed toward the head end surface area than when fluid pressure is being directed toward the rod end surface area. The force resisting actuation of the valve assembly is exerted by a spring assembly which includes a torsion bar disposed within a torsion tube. When the valve assembly is actuated to direct fluid pressure toward the relatively large head end surface area of the piston, both the torsion tube and bar are deflected. When the valve assembly is actuated to direct fluid pressure toward the relatively small rod end surface area, only the torsion bar is deflected.

Abstract: A hydraulic system includes a selective control valve and a cam member movable to selected positions for controlling a hydraulic cylinder powered by a pump. A follower is urged to a locking relationship with the cam by a hydromechanical mechanism to releasably hold the control valve in the selected positions. The hydromechanical mechanism includes a bore exposed to sump pressure and to pressure upstream and downstream from a metering valve in a passage interconnecting the pump and the control valve. A hollow apertured sleeve is movably mounted in the bore. An apertured piston is slidably received by the sleeve. A rod, engageable with the follower, extends through the piston and sleeve apertures. A first spring interconnects the rod and the piston and a second spring interconnects the piston and the sleeve. The sleeve moves to a preload position in response to a no-flow differential pressure between the sump and the passage to urge the follower via the rod towards its locking position.

Abstract: A one-piece cylinder block has a central opening providing surfaces on which a crankshaft is journalled and has radially-directed cylinder bores in axially offset pairs extending outwardly from the axis of the crankshaft. A crank pin is formed on the crankshaft eccentric of its central axis and furnishes an axial surface upon which a free eccentric cluster is journalled. The eccentric cluster includes cylindrical surfaces journalled on the crank pin surface spaced axially in alignment with the axis of the cylinder bore pairs, each having its central axis positioned eccentrically of the crank pin axis. Each cylindrical surface of the eccentric cluster has a piston yoke journalled thereon providing a radially directed and diametrically opposed arms, on the outer extremities of which a piston surface is mounted for reciprocating motion within the cylinder bores.

Abstract: A multi-stage hydraulic ram is provided with telescopic ram tubes which are terminated by end assemblies which provide a working surface for hydraulic fluid under pressure and a sliding bearing on a next adjacent ram tube. Each of the end assemblies is so mounted on its associated tube and so dimensioned that removal of it from the tube and the ram in an axial direction can be carried out without obstruction from the end assembly of the next adjacent ram of smaller diameter.