Abstract: An improved plate lockup mechanism for holding printing plates on a grooved plate cylinder, the mechanism having an elongated cam with an arcuate surface, a bar-like toggle including arcuate lower surfaces that mate with the surface of the cam and a securing member carried on the toggle for engaging the end of a plate and holding it in operative position.

Abstract: For small calibre projectiles the electrical energy needed for igniting a low-ohm ignition capsule is stored in a supply or ignition capacitor which, upon firing of the projectile, is charged by a current generator. To ensure that during charging of the supply capacitor upon firing of the projectile, the ignition capsule does not prematurely ignite, there are provided safety circuits, in particular a static blocking circuit, a dynamic blocking circuit and a static delatching circuit.

Abstract: A shaped charge and method of breaching reinforced masonary walls is disced. The shaped charge includes an annular liner located centrally between the ends of a cylindrical container filled with explosive. The device is placed in a pilot hole in the wall and is detonated simultaneously at the ends. The charge creates an annular radially expanding jet of explosive gases and fragments directed into the wall providing a man size opening therein.

Abstract: Low energy explosive shock tubing is provided which consists of a two-ply, inner and outer layer plastic tube having a plurality of lengthwise textile filaments bonded into the interface between the plastic layers. The textile filaments are chosen for their low elongation properties and the resultant shock tube resists stretching especially in warm borehole environments.

Abstract: The fuel air explosive (FAE) device of this invention is equipped with a vity responsive unitary burster-detonator positioned in the liquid fuel, wherein the burster is heavier than the liquid fuel and the cloud detonator is lighter than the liquid fuel to provide for automatic means to orient the burster at the bottom of the fuel container and to simultaneously orient the cloud detonator at the top of the fuel container with hand operated release means on the exterior of the device to activate the burster and cloud detonator.

Abstract: A ballistic propulsion system of the type used to launch grenades from a rifle. The system includes a housing having a propulsion tail protion with a ballistic cartridge mounted inside and a nozzle with a rear opening having a diameter d.sub.1. This opening is surrounded by an annular seating surface having an outside diameter d.sub.2, which is larger than d.sub.1. A diaphragm is mounted in engagement with the seating surface, and the diaphragm is designed to remain intact when pressures generated by a ballistic cartridge are asserted on a surface area of diameter d.sub.1 or less, but to break away from the propulsion tail when the gas pressure is applied to a surface area having a diameter d.sub.2 or greater. As a result, the diaphragm remains intact when the projectile is first launched by gas pressure generated by a ballistic cartridge within the rifle, but the diaphragm breaks away when the ballistic cartridge inside the propulsion tail builds up sufficient pressure.

Abstract: A means for augmenting the fragmentation of a lightly confined High Exploe Anti-Tank (HEAT) warhead so that it can be used as an area or interdiction weapon. Process involves the placement of an elastic sleeve over the HEAT warhead by the gunner in the field when he feels fragmentation will improve his effectiveness.

Abstract: An electric rerailer provided with guide ways for guiding a motor-driven vehicle of a model railway onto a pair of rails, in which the surfaces of the guide ways are formed by electric conductors electrically isolated from each other and used respectively for the left and right wheels of the vehicle, and the conductors are capable of being electrically contacted with the rails for the left and right wheels respectively. The guide ways are formed on inclined or horizontal surfaces of the rerailer base, and the rerailer base is capable of being releasably mounted on the rails or being connected between ends of the rails.

Abstract: A railway hopper car has a through center sill including an elongated central section substantially A-shaped in transverse cross section, two end sections substantially hat-shaped in transverse cross section and two transition sections respectively connecting said end sections to the adjacent ends of the central section. The central section has upper and lower parts, each of which may comprise a plurality of subsections arranged in end-to-end relationship. Each transition section includes a transition member rectangular at one end for mating with the end section and trapezoidal at the other end for mating with the lower part of the central section. Each transition section also includes an inverted V-shaped top reinforcing member and a horizontal bottom reinforcing plate. Alternative forms of the lower part of the central section are disclosed.

Abstract: A shelfing system is disclosed herein for use in storing data processing devices, said shelfing system including cooling blowers in the surfaces thereof for cooling the electronic equipment stored therein. The shelfing system, furthermore, is pivotally fastened for convenient maintenance access with the pivotal motion thereof restrained by a locking mechanism. Thus the user has access to all of the operative features of the data processing device while the device itself is retained against unauthorized withdrawal.

Abstract: A safety box assembly made up of a container having an access opening, a door hinged to the container for closing the access opening and a mounting base having a bottom wall secured to a supporting surface by means of screws or the like. The container is removably secured over the mounting base in such a manner that the fastening screws are covered by the container so as to become inaccessable. To secure the container on the base, there is provided a first bracket at the lower end of the door, this bracket having a locking wall extending toward the base inside the enclosure when the door is closed. A second bracket is provided on the mounting base and projects upwardly from the base bottom wall, further including a front wall that closes off a lower part of the opening and is disposed in space relationship with the door locking wall.

Abstract: A direct fired system (10, 10') includes pulverizer means (14, 24), classifier means (12, 16, 18, 48, 76), burner means (16, 16') as well as a defined fluid flow path that serves to interconnect the pulverizer means (14, 24) and the classifier means (12, 26, 28, 48, 76) in fluid flow relation with the burner means (16, 16'). In accord with the mode of operation thereof, at the classifier means (12, 26, 28, 48, 76) a separation is had of the stream of the gaseous medium such that a portion of the gaseous medium is recirculated along with the oversize solid fuel particles back to the pulverizer means (14, 24) while the remainder of the gaseous medium is operative to convey the solid fuel particles that are of the desired size from the classifier means (12, 26, 28, 48, 76) to the burner means (16, 16') for burning, i.e., firing, in the latter.

Abstract: An improved heating unit comprises a combustion chamber which includes a fuel-supporting perforated burning platform located a distance from the bottom of the combustion chamber. A perforated air plenum is disposed within the combustion chamber a short distance from the combustion chamber top wall to overly a portion of the burning platform. A blower forces air upwardly through the perforations in the burning platform to facilitate waste material combustion and the blower also forces air downwardly through the plenum perforations against the burning platform to further oxygenate the flames and thereby achieve nearly complete combustion. The pressure of incoming air into the combustion chamber forces the exhaust gases through the air passageway above the plenum and out through an exhaust pipe. A heat exchanger, taking the form of a water jacket, surrounds the combustion chamber to cool the combustion chamber and to recover the heat radiated upon combustion of the waste combustible material.

Abstract: The object of the invention is to permit, for operation with coal by itself, easy adjustment of the flame length without varying the gas flow and with a relatively stable flame divergence. The burner according to the invention comprises a cylindrical tube (1) through which an air/fuel mixture is ejected into the flame, and inside which a coaxial cylindrical part (6) can move along the axis in order to permit adjustment of the output speed of the gas. Advantageously, this part (6) constitutes a means for injecting air and fuel-oil for mixed operation or operation with fuel-oil by itself.

Abstract: An agricultural planter for metering seeds for row crops includes a main frame in the form of a sled with transport wheels which can be selectively raised and lowered for transporting the planter and a tool bar for mounting a plurality of implements. A planter unit for the planter machine includes a main frame having a pair of vertically extending shanks for connecting to the tool bar, a mounting bracket for a seed shoe, and a bracket for a press wheel, a vacuum operated seed dispensing device with the vacuum provided by a vacuum fan mounted on the sled and powered by hydraulic motor with fluid from the main hydraulic system of the tractor. A jack shaft mounted transverse to the sled for powering the implements is driven by a ground wheel including a frame having a pair of reversible tool bar shanks and a drive transmission including a countershaft providing the pivotal support for the frame of the ground wheel.

Abstract: A planting assembly is disclosed which comprises a tubular support arm for carrying a plowshare and for conveying seeds pneumatically. The front end of the support arm is pivotally mounted about a horizontal pivot pin perpendicular to the direction of displacement of the assembly. A spring acts in a vertical plane to exert a substantially constant force against the plowshare to drive it into the ground. The pivotal mounting of the support arm comprises a spring-loaded open-ended yoke for permitting rocking of the support arm in a horizontal plane when the horizontal couple exerted against the support arm exceeds a predetermined value. The front end of the tubular support arm is connected to a supply of air entrained seeds and the rear end to a cyclone separator separating the seeds which proceed through a conduit to the furrow cut by the plowshare, the main stream of entraining air being exhausted to the atmosphere.

Abstract: An apparatus to be towed that includes a frame supported, rotatably mounted, pair of furrow forming disks that are arranged to substantially contact each other at the approximate point of entry into the soil and diverge apart rearwardly and upwardly, and a frame supported, rotatable gauge wheel located adjacent each disk, with each wheel having a radially inwardly located recessed lip immediately adjacent the disk to trap soil removed from the furrow to form a mound of moist and substantially uncompacted soil along the edge of the furrow.

Abstract: In order to facilitate the stitching of a finding such as a hook or an eye with two or three spaced-apart locations to an underlying fabric, an attachment for a sewing machine with a transversely oscillating needle or work table has a base on which a cross-slide assembly is mounted for supporting a retaining device movable in two mutually orthogonal directions under the control of a handle and a guide member displaceable along a part-circular track. The retaining device has a pointed stud engageable with the fabric and a gripper or clamping jaw adapted to hold the finding which, together with the fabric, is thus displaceable by the handle into any of three different positions relative to a stitching station aligned with the sewing machine.

Abstract: A pocket setter unit attachable to a sewing machine includes a holder for holding the pocket over the garment to which the pocket is to be fixed, the holder including a free space around the portion of the pocket to be stitched to the garment, and a plurality of folding blades disposed around the free space. Each of the folding blades includes an actuator for moving the respective blade from a retracted position along one side of the free space, to an extended position in the free space so as to fold under the respective edge of the pocket and to enable the sewing head to apply stitching through the folded edges in the free space for sewing the pocket to the garment.

Abstract: A positioning device for advancing a workpiece to and orienting the same in the sewing zone of a sewing unit. The device includes a feed table having a plurality of slots upstream of the sewing zone which are disposed at an angle relative to the line of sewing. A driven endless belt is operatively associated with each slot in the feed table and are disposed so as to partially protrude their respective slot. That portion of the endless belts protruding through their respective slots are caused to engage the underside of a workpiece and are effective in advancing the same to a position in front of the sewing machine's presser foot and in close proximity with a vertical guide wall extending parallel to the line of sewing.

Abstract: A rotary loop taker, for use in a lock-stitch sewing machine, which has a detachable and replaceable hook or loop seizing point. A lug extending downwardly from the main body of the replaceable loop seizing point abuts one end wall of a cut-away portion of the annular frame of the rotary loop taker, and carries a foot that extends inwardly from the annular frame toward the rotatable shaft of the device. The inwardly extending lug foot desirably nests in a notch in the crosswise support member on which the annular frame of the rotary loop taker rests, preferably forming a snug fit with the upper surface of the crosswise support member. The preferable form and dimensions of the loop seizing point and the foot extending inwardly from the downwardly extending lug are disclosed. Ledges formed in the inner wall of the replaceable loop seizing point define the initial portion of the raceway for the bobbin case with which the rotary loop taker is used.

Abstract: A sewing needle in which an elongated locator portion is provided extending transversely from the shank and of a length to extend from a retaining means fixing the sewing needle to the needle bar, sufficiently and in a direction to permit its use as an accessory driving stud.

Abstract: A needle plate on the base of a sewing machine with a pin projecting from the plate lower surface. The pin is coil spring biassed upwardly to allow rotation of the plate about the pin and selection of one of two holes in the plate to cooperate with the needle. Flexure of a leaf spring, that engages the pin, will draw the needle plate into a fixed position on the base.

Abstract: The invention is a safety circuit for torpedoes which causes lead weights be ejected when the torpedo is not running and is below a predetermined depth. It uses a CMOS multivibrator and NAND gates to pulse power to the existing pressure transducer and a comparator. This comparator checks depth and alternator power. When conditions are met, it holds power on and after five seconds, causes the weights to be dropped.The circuit is powered by existing batteries in the torpedo exercise head. To minimize any effect on the battery life, a strobbing technique is used where voltage is switched on for only a few milliseconds once every ten seconds. Depth is checked by the use of the comparator. One comparator input is connected to the torpedo's depth transducer and the other to a reference voltage in accordance with the predetermined depth limit. When the transducer voltage exceeds the reference voltage, the comparator turns on.One output from the comparator then latches-on for as long as the comparator is on.

Abstract: A combination mooring system for mooring a floating vessel to an offshore structure is disclosed. When a loading force induced by wind, waves, ice, or ocean currents does not act against the vessel, the mooring system is at a mean position. As a loading force urges the vessel away from the structure, the mooring system adapts to accommodate movement of the vessel relative to the structure. To counteract movement of the mooring system from its mean position, a buoy connected by a cable to the mooring system is progressively submerged. As the buoy is submerged, it provides a buoyant restoring force which counteracts the loading force acting on the vessel. When the loading force subsides, the buoyant restoring force urges the mooring system toward its mean position. In a preferred embodiment, the mooring system has a stop which limits the excursion of the mooring system from its mean position.

Abstract: An anchor which secures a floating boat dock in position and which can be installed and removed easily from the dock for seasonal use. A base is permanently installed on the bottom of a lake and has a spherical ball projecting upwards from the base. A post has a socket formed in the bottom end which is provided with a pivotally mounted flap for capturing and releasing the spherical ball therein to removably mount the post on the base. A lever is attached to the upper end of the post and is connected to the flap for moving it between open and closed position. The post is loosely connected to the dock permitting limited movement of the dock with respect to the post. The post is movable on the spherical ball of the base permitting limited movement of the dock and post due to wave action reducing damage and fatigue on the anchor and dock.

Abstract: A pontoon assembly for floating bridges includes four pivotally interconnected articulable floats providing a pontoon assembly having a folded and an unfolded position. Each of the floats is generally rectangularly shaped. In the unfolded position the pontoon assembly has an inner two floats and an outer two floats and the outer two floats are lengthwise connected to an outer edge of the inner two floats. The inner two floats each have an upper surface which provides a vehicular roadway. A rectangular recess is disposed in each of the outer two floats and the recess has a size sufficient to permit a ramp part to be removably positioned in there. The ramp parts have a height corresponding to the depth of the recess in order to provide a flush upper surface with the upper surface of the associated outer float. Each of the ramp parts includes lugs to permit connection with an inner float to thereby provide a closed rampway.

Abstract: Adjustable and expandable, slip-on canoe seat back rest. Features provide for mounting without the use of tools to the widest possible range of different canoe and boat seats.

Abstract: An apparatus and method for applying a multi-component liquid adhesive. A liquid resin reservoir and a liquid hardener reservoir are connected by separate conduit means to resin and hardener mix chamber which is positioned adjacent to a dispenser so that the adhesive can be spread at substantially the same time as it is mixed. Separate resin and hardener pumps are each driven by their own variable output capacity power sources and means are provided for sensing the instantaneous speed of these pumps. These sensors are connected to separate control means for the power sources so that the power output to both of the pumps will be proportional to their respective instantaneous speeds. This apparatus compensates for temperature induced changes in viscosity of the resin or hardener so as to allow mixing proportions to remain constant.

Abstract: To secure accurate control over rapid diffusion such as the diffusion of zinc into gallium arsenide, the source and slices to be processed are isolated from one another during an initial warm-up period. This is done using one vessel for the crystal slice and a second vessel for the source. The source vessel initially blocks an opening in the slice vessel while the source and slice are brought to the desired diffusion temperature. The source vessel is then slid through the opening to a diffusing position in which a trailing part of the source vessel again plugs the opening in the slice vessel and in which an open part of the source vessel is now in the interior of the slice vessel. Use of this arrangement avoids the uncontrolled diffusion which occurs in current diffusion capsules during initial heating of the capsule.

Abstract: A device for continuously cleaning the litter in a litter pen by removing the old, used litter automatically as the animal uses the litter box. The number of litter changes is greatly reduced and the amount of litter wasted is also reduced.

Abstract: Ion dispensing apparatus comprises:(a) a flexible cable including an elongated metallic core to which voltage is applicable, the cable including a protective sleeve of insulating material on and extending along and about the core, the sleeve defining a wall,(b) and needles having shanks penetrating through said sleeve wall and extending sidewardly adjacent the core to make electrical contact therewith so as to receive application of said voltage, the needles having tips openly exposed outwardly of the cable to dispense ions into the atmosphere near the cable.

Abstract: System for determining supplementary feed rations for dairy cows, which comprises the steps of:(a) recording in a hand-holdable microprocessor-based recorder (1) information relating to the cow identity of each of a plurality of cows which are to use a milking parlor,(b) entering information relating to the cow identity of each cow actually entering the parlor for a milking session, the recorder being programmed to validate the entered cow identities with the recorded cow identities,(c) entering respective milk yields in relation to respective validated cow identity entries,(d) after a milking session, connecting the recorder to a master unit (30), and(e) causing the master unit to read the information in the recorder as to milk yield Y for each identified cow and enter this information into a central processor programmed to compute a value of feed concentrate ration (R) for each cow according to an algorithm having the general form: R=V(Y-M+L(t)+C), where M, L(t) and C are values for "maintenance +", lactati

Abstract: The gas cooler arrangement includes a first pressure vessel in which heat is yielded by radiation and a following convection gas cooler. The pressure vessel of the convection gas cooler includes a faller flue and at least one riser flue for cooling the gas. The flues comprise heat-removing tubes which are parts of a steam generator. The bottom of the pressure vessel contains an ash collection chamber which is connected to the ends of the flues and which can be emptied via a suitable closure element.

Abstract: A piston having an evaporation-condensation heat pipe to transfer heat between piston crown and piston skirts. The evaporation-condensation heat pipe is formed as a structure separate from the piston itself, and the two are joined together by a high conductivity adhesive-elastomer bond.

Abstract: A hydrodynamic device, including a vaned rotor wheel, a vaned stator wheel and an electromagnetic clutch, is located, as a heater, in a cooling water circuit of an internal combustion machine and can be switched on and off as a function of the temperature of the medium to be monitored.In order to obtain a further use for such a hydrodynamic device, the latter is arranged in such a way that, in a switched position in which it is not effective for heating, it is effective as a hydrodynamic clutch for driving the water pump.

Abstract: A cooling system of a V-type internal combustion engine comprises a coolant passage formed around each engine cylinder. A coolant gallery is formed between the two cylinder banks of a cylinder block of the engine and extends along the row of the engine cylinders of each cylinder bank, the coolant gallery being in communication with a coolant pump at the outlet member. Additionally, the coolant gallery is formed with a plurality of communication holes through each of which the coolant gallery is in direct communication with the coolant passage formed around each engine cylinder. Accordingly, all the engine cylinders are uniformly cooled while achieving uniform distribution of the coolant from the coolant pump into the two cylinder banks.

Abstract: An internal combustion engine, especially for motor vehicles, includes separate oil return and vent channels extending between a crank space of a cylinder crankcase and a valve-actuating space formed by a cylinder head and a cover. For the defined and separate guidance of the media passing through the oil return channels and vent channels, the oil return channels are arranged at a distance to the vent channels and the vent channels are connected to an air guide device inside of the valve-actuating space.

Abstract: A piston type internal combustion engine of novel three cycle variety, in which the intake and compression functions are divorced from the combustion cylinder entirely and are carried out by a separate high pressure compressor; with a high pressure charging cycle, a power cycle and an exhaust cycle carried out in the combustion chamber in a positive manner. The gas charge is pre-compressed to maximum permissible value and injected into a varying volume combustion chamber, without any appreciable change in pressure. Power output is varied by varying the initial volume of the combustion chamber. Executed in radial cam driven and crank driven versions. Intended to replace conventional variable output engines.

Abstract: An ignition device of the plasma jet type is disclosed. The device has a cylindrical cavity formed in insulating material with an electrode at one end. The other end of the cylindrical cavity is closed by a metal plate with a small orifice in the center which plate serves as a second electrode. An arc jumping between the first electrode and the orifice plate causes the formation of a highly-ionized plasma in the cavity which is ejected through the orifice into the engine cylinder area to ignite the main fuel mixture.Two improvements are disclosed to enhance the operation of the device and the length of the plasma plume. One improvement is a metal hydride ring which is inserted in the cavity next to the first electrode. During operation, the high temperature in the cavity and the highly excited nature of the plasma breaks down the metal hydride, liberating hydrogen which acts as an additional fuel to help plasma formation.

Abstract: A glow plug heating control device for a diesel engine includes a detector for detecting the heat variable resistance of the glow plug, and a device effecting insertion of a resistor in series with the glow plug and the power source at a given point so as to vary the manner of current application to and the heating of the plug in an advantageous non-linear manner.

Abstract: Apparatus for use in internal combustion engines requiring positive application for controlling transmitted pulses comprising: a base element mating with the front of the engine and having an inner cavity about a central axis. An overrunning clutch assembly is provided for constantly engaging inner periphery of the base element. As the assembly rotatably surrounds a sleeve, it engages and interconnects the base element and outer periphery of the circular sleeve which is key engaged to and surrounds portion of a crankshaft extending from the front of the engine. An L shaped block has an aperture and is positioned adjacent the base element. A bolt is adapted in the aperture for threadingly engaging the engine, so to removably secure and mate the L shaped block and the base element together and with the front of the engine, whereby a positive constant effective unit is formed.

Abstract: A method of controlling the fuel supply to an internal combustion engine at deceleration thereof, wherein the fuel supply to the engine is interrupted when the engine is operating in a predetermined operating region in which is satisfied at least a condition that the intake passage pressure is lower than a predetermined value, while the engine is decelerating. The predetermined value of intake passage pressure is corrected in a manner responsive to a detected value of atmospheric pressure encompassing the engine. Preferably, the intake passage pressure is detected in terms of absolute pressure at a zone downstream of a throttle valve arranged therein, and the above predetermined value of intake passage pressure is corrected to smaller values as the detected value of the atmospheric pressure decreases.

Abstract: A system for regulating the idle speed of an internal combustion engine with an electronic fuel injection system having a bypass around a throttle valve of the engine and a solenoid operated control valve provided in the bypass to control the volume of air flow passing the bypass. The system comprises an engine speed sensor for sensing the engine speed of the engine and for producing an engine speed voltage, an idle switch responsive to idle operation of the engine for producing an idle signal, and a reference voltage circuit for producing a reference voltage corresponding to a predetermined idle speed. A first integrator is provided for integrating the difference between the engine speed voltage and the reference voltage and for producing a voltage. A control signal generating circuit is provided to be responsive to the voltage of the integrator for producing a positive going control signal and negative going control signal at upper limit and lower limit of the integrator output voltage.

Abstract: A fuel injection timing control system for an internal combustion engine into which fuel is intermittently injected, includes a closed-loop fuel injection timing control system, a first device, fluidly-driven, for varying the fuel injection timing, and a second device for adjustably determining the response time and the stability of the closed-loop control system. The first device constitutes a part of the closed-loop control system. The second device constitutes another part of the closed-loop control system. Sensed is a condition of the working fluid for the first device which can influence the response time and the stability of the closed-loop control system. The second device is adjusted in accordance with the sensed working fluid condition so as to reduce the influence of the working fluid condition on the response time and the stability of the closed-loop control system.

Abstract: Fuel flow and/or engine speed is electrically controlled in accordance with a rate-of-change (acceleration or deceleration) value computed from one or more sensed parameters such as accelerator pedal position, throttle position, engine speed, exhaust temperature, intake manifold pressure, fuel temperature, etc. as well as stored engine parameters. A difference between a desired rate-of-change and a measured actual rate-of-change in engine speed is used to correspondingly change an engine control, for example a fuel control rack in a diesel engine fuel pump, a throttle valve in a carburetor, a timer for a fuel injection valve, a fuel valve to a turbine, or other control. The desired rate of change in engine speed may be critically damped, for example by multiplying by a percent or other fraction of a difference between a desired fuel flow and a present fuel flow, so as to avoid overshoot.

Abstract: Temperature measuring device for an internal-combustion engine comprising a main engine temperature sensor to measure the temperature of the cooling water, for example, and a secondary or auxiliary temperature sensor disposed near a heat generating element in an electronic engine control unit, as a standby for the main temperature sensor.When an output of the main temperature sensor happens to fall outside the predetermined normal range, the main temperature sensor will be immediately switched to the auxiliary temperature sensor to allow the various phases of engine control to proceed without interruption.

Abstract: In an electronic fuel injecting method for an internal combustion engine, wherein fuel injection timings for every groups are controlled in accordance with reference signals variable in the proximity of intake top dead center of a predetermined cylinder and the angle signals variable at every predetermined rotary angles, during a low rotational speed operation of the engine, all of the cylinders perform injections simultaneously in accordance with the angle signals according to the necessity, during a medium rotational speed operation of the engine, group injections with the cylinders being discriminated by the reference signal are performed in accordance with the reference signals and the angle signals, and, during a high rotational speed operation of the engine, group injections with the cylinders being not discriminated by the reference signal are performed in accordance with the angle signals according to the necessity.

Abstract: A distributorless ignition system of an internal combustion engine has a supplementary spark energy module to increase spark energy. Two ignition coils each have secondary coils with split secondary center taps. Each of the primary windings is coupled to its own ignition module. The supplementary spark energy module is coupled to each of the split secondary center taps. A pair of spark plugs is coupled to one of the secondary windings and another pair of spark plugs is coupled to the other secondary winding.

Abstract: A breakerless ignition system in which an electronic advance circuit (30) generates an electrical trigger signal (SPKE) and a mechanical advance circuit generates a mechanical trigger signal (PCP). The mechanical trigger signal (PCP) and electrical trigger signal (SPKE) are combined in a trigger circuit (28) to generate an activation signal to a power switching device (40) which causes an ignition circuit (32) to fire a spark plug (54). In operation the electrical trigger signal (SPKE) normally provides an accurate timing signal to ignite the plug (54) and the trigger circuit (28) masks the mechanical trigger signal (PCP) to prevent double firing. Upon failures or special conditions when the (SPKE) signal is absent the (PCP) signal will provide operation in a back-up mode to ignite plug (54).