Abstract: A power takeoff mechanism for a farm tractor with two interchangeable power takeoff shafts which can be driven at different speeds and are connected by means of annular flanges of different diameters with a driving flange on the end of an output shaft wherein a pawl is pivoted near the driving flange and is connected to a clutch lever of the gear shifting mechanism whereby the pawl must be pivoted to a predetermined position when one of the power takeoff shafts is installed, thereby preventing the clutch lever from being operated in a manner to select an inappropriate speed for the installed power takeoff shaft.

Abstract: A vehicle gear-box with an input shaft which drives two intermediate shafts, which lie in a plane offset from the input shaft and have a pair of mutually engaging gears, one of which is non-rotatably joined to the intermediate gear for the first gear speed, mounted on one of the intermediate shafts, while the other gear is freely rotatably journalled on the second intermediate shaft and lockable thereon by an engaging sleeve with a synchronizer. Reverse gear is obtained by locking the second gear to the second intermediate shaft with the intermediate gear for first being disengaged from its intermediate shaft.

Abstract: An improved strutless synchronizer has an annular spring interposed between an internally splined sleeve, mounted for axial sliding movement on a main shaft, and an associated blocking ring. Selected ones of the sleeve splines are formed at the extremities with radially inwardly extending teeth. Each of the teeth has a dual chamfered face portion in opposed relation with the annular spring. The blocking ring has three equally spaced lugs each formed with a transverse groove sized to axially capture the annular spring so as to allow the spring freedom to rotate in its grooves relative to the blocking ring. Each time the sleeve is moved toward meshed engagement with an associated main shaft ratio gear its spline teeth chamfered faces compress the spring at random points thereby minimizing spring wear. Also, the grooves, by positively retaining the spring, insure instant unloading of the blocking ring.

Abstract: A device for controlling the rectilinear translation of a movable member, comprises a screw engaged by a nut having cooperatingly shaped thread surfaces the dimensions of which are such that there is a radial clearance between the screw and the nut and an axial clearance between adjacent helical flanks of the screw and the nut. The nut is provided with radial passages communicating with the chambers defining the radial clearances, which can be put into communication with a source of compressed gas enabling the formation of an air cushion or air bearing between the two relatively movable members thereby reducing the turning moment necessary for effecting rectilinear movement of the movable member.

Abstract: An actuator assembly, for industrial robots, including a base member, an articulated arm assembly, and a support member. The support member is provided with a tool holding member, which is actuated pivotably about first and second axes and rotatable about a third axis by the articulated arm assembly.

Abstract: In an adjustable automobile mirror system of either the manual type or a three-cable operated type including a mirror anchored to a mirror retainer whose position is adjustable relative to a mirror housing, the improved mounting of the mirror retainer upon the mirror housing which comprises a part-spherical head upon the housing and a pivot block having a socket movably mounted upon the head. Resilient detents on the mirror retainer receive and retainingly engage the pivot block for movements therewith. One detent is manually yieldable to facilitate selective assembly of the mirror retainer on and disassembly from the pivot block.

Abstract: A gearbox arrangement for an industrial robot comprises a flange element, a pivoting element and a rotating element adapted to move independently of each other, and having two trains of gears, comprising drive-shafts for connection to respective drive means, for separately driving the said flange element and pivoting element. Reduction gears are inserted between the two gear-trains and the flange and pivoting elements. The trains of gears in the rotating element are branched through the intermediate shafts and lateral shafts arranged with their axes in parallel with the axes of the drive-shafts. Such a structure permits the use of small diameter shafts and gears for a compact arrangement. In addition, it permits the use of spur gears at appropriate locations which are inexpensive and relatively easy to install, maintain and service to keep the low tolerances needed for industrial robots.

Abstract: A hydromechanical transmission that can be used as an efficient continuously variable transmission has a pair of speed sensors for detecting the rotational speeds at the transmission ends of two mechanical transfer lines formed in the transmission, a pair of pressure sensors for detecting the pressures at two positions, an actuator, and a computer. The computer controls the actuator and two clutches in such a way that the system is switched from a low-speed mode to a high-speed mode and vice versa without producing a shock.

Abstract: A limited slip differential axle assembly includes a plurality of pressure plate segments which are electromagnetically biased against friction discs of clutch packs secured to side gears of the differential. In a preferred form, the assembly is formed of a two-piece of "split" differential case and includes an armature ring rigidly coupled to a pressure plate loading ring. Electromagnetic coupling forces are adjustably controlled by a vehicular operator to permit modulation of bias for given road conditions, wherein a limited slip differential control may be effective to bias a clutch pack to provide a variable friction drag between at least one of the side gears and the differential case. For this purpose, an energizing coil is secured rigidly to the differential carrier, while a magnet shell member is rigidly affixed to one part of the split differential case.

Abstract: A no-slip, imposed differential uses a first unlimited slip differential 15 connected for driving a pair of axle shafts 16 and 17 and a second unlimited slip differential 20 connected between a pair of control shafts 22 and 23. One of the axle shafts and one of the control shafts are connected for rotation in the same direction, and the other axle shaft and the other control shaft are connected for rotation in opposite directions. An input control gear 40 meshed with a ring gear 21 for second differential 20 can rotate control shafts 22 and 23 to impose differential rotation on axle shafts 16 and 17 via the shaft connecting means. This provides a no-slip drive when control gear 40 is not turning and a steering drive by imposed differential rotation when control gear 40 turns.

Abstract: A no-slip, imposed differential uses a first unlimited slip differential 15 connected for driving a pair of axle shafts 16 and 17 and a second unlimited slip differential 20 connected between a pair of control shafts 22 and 23. One of the axle shafts and one of the control shafts are connected for rotation in the same direction, and the other axle shaft and the other control shaft are connected for rotation in opposite directions. An input control gear 40 meshed with a ring gear 21 for second differential 20 can rotate control shafts 22 and 23 to impose differential rotation on axle shafts 16 and 17 via the shaft connecting means. This provides a no-slip drive when control gear 40 is not turning and a steering drive by imposed differential rotation when control gear 40 turns. A clutched power take-off 82 can direct propulsion torque to the steering control input for rapid pivot turns.

Abstract: A thrust washer assembly for a planetary gear mechanism including a pair of thrust washers on each side of each planet gear of the mechanism, the planet gear being mounted on planet pinion shafts in a carrier by means of uncaged needle bearings, the washers directly adjacent the planet pinions having angularly spaced ports located at a position radially outward from the needle bearings and the washers between the ported washers and the carrier having sector-shaped recesses at diametrically opposite positions whereby the recesses and the ports register to establish a pumping action that circulates lubricating oil through the needle bearings.

Abstract: An overrunning roller brake, in particular for automatic transmissions for motor vehicles having a brake race fixed to the gearbox casing, a rotating brake race connected to one element of a planetary gear unit and overrunning brake rollers arranged between the two bearing raced wherein support rings with a C-shaped cross-section are disposed between the races, the rotating brake race being in the form of a one-piece extrusion which forms both the rotating outer brake race of the overrunning roller brake and a friction brake drum for the gear unit, and retainer rings within the support rings for accommodating radial loads and for stabilizing the outer race.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a semiautomatic transmission for vehicles, construction machines or similar equipment. In one embodiment of the invention, the semiautomatic transmission comprises a synchro-mesh transmission which has an electrically controlled gear shift mechanism, an electric control unit, for controlling the gear shift mechanism, and sensors, for measuring the torque of the engine, the rotating speed of the output shaft of the transmission and the driving speed. The sensors are arranged to transmit corresponding to measured quantities to the electric control unit for selecting a gear suiting the actual driving situation. Between the output shaft, of the transmission and the drive shaft, with which the power is transmitted to the drive gear, there is, in accordance with the invention, a bidirectionally engaging overrunning clutch to connect shaft, with each other.

Abstract: An automatic transmission comprising a fluid torque converter; a transmission gear comprising a first gear unit having three forward-speed gears and one reverse gear and a second gear unit having a high-speed gear and a low-speed gear; and a hydraulic control system comprising first and second shift valves for controlling the shifting between the speed gears of the first gear unit, a third shift valve for controlling the shifting between the high-speed gear and the low-speed gear of the second gear unit, a manual selector valve having five shift positions, i.e. D, I. L, R and P-position, and first, second and third solenoid valves related with the first, second and third shift valves respectively.

Abstract: A cutting tool comprising a shank having a substantially diametrical cut through one end of the shank and having the diametrically opposed limbs formed by such a cut bent radially outwardly from the axis of the shank. Cutting blades are secured to the flat surfaces of the limbs formed by the cut. Preferably, the limbs are bent outwardly in opposite directions along the plane of the cut, and the edges of overlapping portions of the limbs are welded together to strengthen the cutting tool.

Abstract: Two vibratory feeders are coupled to a switching mechanism for feeding screws to a robotically operated screw driver. The feeders include screw sensors which cause a control to switch feeders in case of a sensed jam in the feeder then in operation. An operator is alerted to correct the jam and place the cleared feeder in stand-by.

Abstract: A power tong assembly wherein a safety latch mechanism includes a power part equipped with two outlet side connections, one of which is connected to a control part for controlling the opening cross section of the tank side connection. The power part has a control element in the form of a piston-shaped valve body with equal sized surfaces on both end faces subject to the pressure of the working medium and with a bore running in the direction of the valve body movement. This bore has a conical extension of its inlet flow end. This blocks the direct connection of the supply with the return to the tank.

Abstract: The open-end wrench has a pair of jaws with parallel planar jaw surfaces. In each jaw surface is a configured notch having a planar drive surface, a clearance surface and a spacing surface between the drive surface and the clearance surface. The two clearance surfaces are on segments of a circle having a diameter greater than the across-corners dimension of the fastener to be tightened by the wrench. The distance between the planes of the driving surfaces is slightly greater than the across-sides dimension of the fastener. The spacing surface in each notch is a segment of a circle having a relatively small radius of curvature and is tangent to the associated clearance surface.

Abstract: A readjustable pair of pliers for mounting circlips has a handle which with the aid of a sidewardly bent attachment part is pivotally connected to an intermediate member carrying a jaw with an engagement pin. A second jaw carrying an engagement pin is rigidly connected with a second handle defining therewith a rigid unit to which said intermediate member is pivotally attached. The attachment part is defined by a parallelepipedic block tightly fitting in a corresponding groove in the intermediate member. By swinging the second handle through 180.degree. relative the intermediate member the mode of operation of the pair of pliers is altered in dependence on if a circlip for inner or for outer mounting has to be served.

Abstract: A hand-held combination screwdriver having a plastic handle that receives a reversible round steel driver with a flat blade screwdriver at one end and Phillips driver blades at its other end. An elongated channel or slot with side recesses is formed in the handle and receives both ends of the driver, and the side recesses are shaped to engage and lock the flat blade end of the driver without additional parts. A "U" shaped locking key at the bottom of the channel holds and locks the Phillips end of the driver and also defines a stop for the flat blade end.

Abstract: A numerical control system has a tool holder which supports tools . . . attached to at least two intersecting sides, preferably three sides of a rectangular shape. The tool holder is movable along plural axes, e.g., X and Y-axis directions. A memory circuit is provided for storing the positional data regarding the tips of the tools and a workpiece diameter when the tool holder is predetermined reference points. When a workpiece is to be machined by a selected tool, the data regarding the selected tool and the workpiece diameter are called from the memory circuit, the distance from the tool tip to the outer periphery of the workpiece is computed, and the tip of the tool is moved to the outer periphery of the workpiece. With this arrangement, tools can be changed quickly.

Abstract: A pipe cutting machine having a pair of parallel, horizontal driven rollers for supporting and rotating the work to be circumferentially cut. A cutter head assembly includes a free rotating cutter wheel on a shaft generally parallel to the driven rollers. Coarse vertical positioning of the cutter head is effected by sliding it up or down over a generally vertical support column. Detenting of this vertical positioning is effected by a spring-loaded pin engaging a selected groove among a plurality of vertically spaced, horizontally extending grooves associated with the vertical column. Vernier advancement of the cutter into the work is accomplished by an eccentric and lever arrangement associated with the cutter head assembly.A gear box arrangement couples the torque of a driving motor, which may be permanently or removably attached, providing drive to the rollers and to a reamer. A hand drill is shown positioned to provide motive power.

Abstract: A shearing wheel, and a method of assembling the same, having an annular carrier and having a plurality of arcuate segments side mounted to a segment receiving surface of the annular carrier. The arcuate segments are laid in an end-to-end fashion to form an annulus with the outside diameter of the annulus having a radial extent greater than the radial extent of the annular carrier. A support shoulder extends axially outward from the annular carrier to contact the surface of the arcuate segments defined by the inside diameter of the annulus. The arcuate segments may be removed and sharpened, whereafter shims are inserted between the arcuate segments and the annular carrier to properly space the segments from an adjacent shearing wheel. Optionally, arcuate segments may be mounted to both side faces of the annular carrier.

Abstract: A square for glass cutting has a triangular shaped phenolic plastic body having a head supporting base member, a straight edge, and a straight edge strengthening member. The base member has a plurality of apertures having diameters of a first dimension. A head member includes first and second head plates interconnected and spaced by a bridge to sandwich the base member. The first and second plates have a plurality of apertures having centers corresponding to the centers of the base member apertures, but having diameters of a second dimension less than the first dimension but equal to the diameters of set screws, whereby when the head member is loosely attached to the head support member by the set screws the squaring of the first head plate automatically squares the second head plate and the tightening of the set screws maintains the squared relationship between the head plates and the straight edge member.

Abstract: A circular saw blade is disclosed which includes a circular body having two side faces, a central bore, and a toothed peripheral edge. Disposed within the body of the saw blade is a plurality of circumferentially extending laser-cut slots. Each of the slots consists of an arc of a circle concentric with the body of the saw blade and parallel to the peripheral edge thereof. The slots extend through the body from one side face to the other, and are spaced in a manner such that each slot cools an area of the body when the saw blade is in operation.

Abstract: A machine to slice baked goods such as bagels is provided which achieves a uniform and reproducible slice thickness. The machine comprises a housing, a vertical shaft, at least one spiral cutter, and at least one hold-down mechanism. The hold-down mechanism consists of a double-armed lever wherein one arm forms a pressure plate and another arm is attached to a tension spring with the ends of the pressure plate and other arm connected by means of a pivot shaft. Within the cutting area there is located a stop for positioning the baked goods to be sliced. Other features of the machine include a disc attached to the vertical shaft and to which the spiral cutters are secured. An intermediate plate may be positioned between the disc and cutter to adjust the height of the cutter edge. A passage for removing cut slices is located in the cutting area leading to a chute emptying the slices into a hopper.

Abstract: In a preferred embodiment of the invention, a control unit which is freely moveable in space is equipped with three sensors to measure motion (e.g. velocity, acceleration, or the time derivative of acceleration) along three substantially orthogonal axes. The sensors may be meter movements configured to output motion signals indicative of their movement in free space, which signals are amplified, digitized, processed by a microprocessor to detect relative minima and maxima. Processed motion signals are converted to standard MIDI control signals for controlling an electronic musical instrument.

Abstract: A damper or muffler assembly for a cymbal of the type used in combination with a set of drums and played by striking repeatedly the cymbal with a drumstick. The assembly comprises a plurality of switch mechanisms manually and automatically operable to position a clamping assembly into operative and clamping position relative to the cymbal so as to render it immovable, when clamped, thereby dampening the sound issuing therefrom.

Abstract: A minefield breaching system comprises a projectile which is fired by trapping a round from a rifle or light mortar, and which carries behind it a length of explosive line. The end of the explosive line remote from the projectile is connected to a length of non-explosive line, the free end of which remains at the position of the user of the system. The projectile is in use fired to carry the explosive line over the minefield and the explosive line is then pulled back by means of the non-explosive line to permit an initiation set to be connected to the proximal end of the explosive line.

Abstract: A hydraulic force booster for actuating master cylinder pistons in brake systems of automotive vehicles, comprises a lever system including two levers (33,34) pivotably interconnected by way of a journal (35). The second lever, by way of a coupling (45) is in communication with a set element (46) provided at the control piston (13) of a brake valve (9). The coupling (45) comprises a coupling element (53) provided at the second lever (34), and at least one guide surface provided at the set element (46) is connected to the control piston (13) by way of joint (47) and, at the other end, by providing another joint (48), is guided in a substantially co-axial housing bore (49). The coupling element (53) can be formed by a loose roller thereby substantially precluding that transverse forces be exerted on the control piston (13) of the brake valve (9) likely to result in lockings.

Abstract: The invention relates to an adjustable axial piston engine having spaced apart end walls with a shaft extending between the end walls. A rotary carrier is attached to the shaft adjacent one of the end walls and an oblique adjusting plate is mounted adjacent the other end wall. A piston-cylinder unit extends between the carrier and the oblique plate. A pivot axis for the oblique plate includes a bearing arrangement between the plate and the adjacent end wall. A servo unit for adjustably rotating the plate about the pivot axis is provided between the plate and the adjacent end wall. The piston-cylinder unit is carried by the carrier and is slidably engageable with the oblique plate. Flanges are provided for the piston-cylinder units which are spring biased into engagement with the oblique plate via a spring biased pressure plate.

Abstract: A radial-piston machine has a rotor formed with a plurality of cylinders, wherein pistons are reciprocable. Each such piston is formed on its radially outer end with a reception seat and a pivotable portion of a respective piston shoe is engageable on the seat. The piston shoes ride on an eccentric cam in a housing of the machine. Each such piston shoe may move radially into and out of engagement with the respective piston. A pair of end members axially flank the piston shoes to prevent their escape in axial direction. The former requirement to connect the piston shoes pivotably to the pistons is eliminated by the application of seal- and support-faces in the rotor, a stroke guide face on the cam, outer faces and end faces on the piston shoes and innermost faces on provided end members, whereby the piston shoes are retained between the mentioned faces, but permitted to otherwise free movement between the pistons, rotor, end members, and the cam.

Abstract: A wobble plate type compressor is disclosed wherein each piston is reciprocated within its respective cylinder by a wobble plate driven by a cam rotor mounted on a drive shaft, and in which the wobble plate is held against rotation by a rotation restraining means that includes a slide plate supported within the compressor housing and extending axially thereof, a slot formed in the periphery of the wobble plate and having a pair of concave recesses in the opposed inner surfaces of the slot and a pair of hemispherical bearings seated in the recesses and slidably receiving the slide plate therebetween.

Abstract: An improved pump is provided for pumping non-lubricating fluids at extremely high pressure while reducing galling and wear on components such as pistons and cylinders. The reduction in component wear and galling is achieved by modifying the piston-cylinder combination to provide a pressure area and a centering area that is axially displaced from the pressure area of the piston-cylinder combination. The pressure area of the piston-cylinder combination is modified by reducing the diameter of the piston or increasing the inside diameter of the cylinder or both to provide a 0.1 percent to 2.5 percent increase in clearance at the pressure end of the piston-cylinder combination than is provided at a centering area. The advantages of the invention are further enhanced by employing a release area disposed intermediate the pressure area and the centering area of the piston-cylinder combination.

Abstract: Apparatus for sealing the gap between a piston and engine cyinder wall of either a reciprocating engine or a reciprocating compressor. The apparatus includes a plurality of functionally-identical, gas-bearing-supported seal blocks that locate in a slot running circumferentially around the engine piston. Gases fed from the engine chamber to the gas bearing carrying the load on the seal block in the direction of piston travel. The seal block includes a gas accumulator cavity for gas storage. An orifice feeds gas from the gas accumulator cavity to the gas bearing interfacing between the seal block and the engine cylinder wall. The apparatus also includes a reaction piston having gas communicated thereto from the engine chamber.

Abstract: Filtered insulation baffle that serves as a barrier against insects and other pests entering an attic space of a building while allowing free air to flow into the attic through the baffle. A housing is formed with closed sides and open ends and sized to fit into the area between adjacent rafters of the building. A filter is formed from a porous filter material that is sized larger than the open end of the housing and positioned in one end of the housing to allow the filter material to protrude from the housing. The baffle is positioned between the rafters with the filter material protruding into an opening between the roof deck and the plate structure of the building. The protruding filter material is then wedged into the opening such that a portion of the filter material will roll back on the end of the housing to seal the opening while allowing free air to pass through the baffle and into the attic space of the building.

Abstract: A device for a suspended ceiling structure (1) for rectangular filter elements (2, 3). Some filter elements are located at a distance from each other to allow the suspension of light fittings from the suspended ceiling structure. An air stream is forced to flow out from the filter elements in the direction downwards towards the floor and vanes (8, 9) are then arranged substantially at the same level as and adjacent to at least one of those lateral surfaces of the fitting, which face the filter elements. The vanes are arranged at an angle to the air stream in such a way that the air is deflected and is made to flow towards a region (10) immediately below the light fitting.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for making bread wherein the duration of kneading is set at a predetermined value, and the kneading stage is divided into (1) an early kneading stage wherein either cool or warm air is blown onto the dough at the start of kneading to bring the dough temperature, within a short time period, close to the optimum kneading temperature and (2) a later kneading stage wherein cool air and warm air are blown onto the dough in an alternating mode in order to maintain the dough temperature close to the optimum kneading temperature.

Abstract: An apparatus and process for producing cheese straws and the like is disclosed, the apparatus including a mixing and extruding device from which the mixed dough is forced through a die having a plurality of outlets. The dough is received on a conveyor where it is cut into segments and baked. The process involves mixing flour, cheese, margarine and seasonings in specific proportions, the apparatus and process being capable of producing approximately eighteen hundred dozen cheese straws per hour.

Abstract: An apparatus for irradiating a foodstuff with ultraviolet energy comprising a transport unit for receiving foodstuff at a first location and for transporting the foodstuff in a relatively spread out condition along a path to a second location. The foodstuff passes through a substantially enclosed housing wherein the foodstuff is exposed to a flux of ultraviolet radiation from a plurality of germicidal lamps. The transport unit includes a shaker table within the housing sloping downwardly from the entrance opening of the housing for agitating the foodstuff so that the foodstuff turns over and exposes its entire surface to the flux of radiation as it travels through the housing.

Abstract: A method and apparatus for sterilization of liquid food products utilizing a generally cylindrical pressure vessel. The liquid product to be treated is introduced at the top of the vessel in such a manner as to form an insulating barrier of liquid product between the heated interior and any interior surfaces of vessel which the product comes in contact with including the vessel side walls. Steam is introduced through a centrally located diffuser intermediate the top and bottom of the vessel for heating the liquid to a sterilization temperature. A gas removal pipe is provided for removing air and gases released from the liquid product and remaining after condensation of the steam from the lower portion of the vessel. The insulating barrier of liquid product may be formed by the use of a plurality of spray nozzles, by a combination of spray and direct film formation, or by direct film formation alone.

Abstract: A method for agglomerating and dewatering elastomeric material having a relatively high water content wherein the elastomeric material is fed to a pair of counterrotating pressing rolls with a tight nip opening. The elastomeric material is drawn through the nip opening and compacted and dewatered therein. The method of the present invention produces at least a doubling of the particle size of the feed material and a reduction in the water content of the feed material in the range of 30 to 80%.

Abstract: A method of printing characters on key tops made of a resin comprises the steps of printing character patterns on the key tops using an ink obtained by adding a coloring agent to a multifunctional acrylic ultraviolet-ray-curable paint and subsequently hardening the printed ink character patterns by irradiating the printed surface of each key top with ultraviolet rays.

Abstract: During silk-screen printing, the stencil (3) is stretched as a result of the pressure exerted by the squeeges (6) This results in a distorted pattern on the material (4) to be printed. To eliminate this error, the design (7') in the stencil (3) is predistorted in such a way that a distortion-free printed pattern (8') is obtained.

Abstract: An armor-rupturing projectile-forming charge wherein the charge is adapted to selectively produce either single compact projectile, or through suitable measures to be able to concurrently produce a plurality of projectiles, so as to attack hard or heavily-armored targets, such as tank, as well as or lightly-armored, or even unarmored targets through a projectile which is correlated with the target.

Abstract: An impact fuze arrangement for a missile in which an electromagnetic field is set up within a compartment in the body of the missile and a warhead detonating signal is generated if the field intensity varies by more than a predetermined amount, as will happen due to distortion of the compartment on impact of the missile on a target. Fields may be set up within a plurality of compartments and warhead detonation may be made conditional on distortion of more than one of these compartments.

Abstract: A proximity fuzing arrangement for an airborne body which is equipped with a reflective beam range-finding device. The path of the beam of the range-finding device extends through a point which is located eccentrically offset relative to and rotates about the longitudinal axis of the airborne body behind a collective or focusing optic, and which extends along a variable viewing angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the airborne body. The combination of a passive infrared-target tracking arrangement with an active-laser range-finding device behind the same large collective or focusing optic, is thereby especially suited for an increase in the power of a rapid air defense-airborne body against target objects which enter into the atmosphere in a steep ballistic trajectory and which are thereby intensely heated.

Abstract: In order to achieve a delay time as constant as possible, an interspace is provided between a pyrotechnic delay composition and the delay tubule.

Abstract: An explosive primer unit in which the degree of energy coupling between a low-energy detonating cord (LEDC) and an explosive coupling element in a cast explosive primer is maximized; the unit contains (a) a substantially cylindrical charge of cast explosive having a perforation therein aligned substantially parallel to the charge's cylindrical axis, and sized to slidably receive a length of LEDC and (b) embedded in the cast explosive charge along the LEDC-receiving perforation, an explosive coupling element containing a shock-sensitive high-velocity detonating explosive having a tubular body having a wall that surrounds, and a bore that forms, the LEDC-receiving perforation over at least a portion of the perforation's length, the size of the bore of the coupling element's tubular body that forms the LEDC-receiving perforation in the cylindrical charge of cast explosive closely matching the outer diameter of a length of LEDC to be received therein.